Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere, causing global warming and climate change over long periods. Human activities like burning fossil fuels have increased greenhouse gas levels, enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming the planet. This is evidenced by rising temperatures, shrinking Arctic ice, and more extreme weather. If unchecked, climate change poses serious threats to societies and ecosystems through impacts like rising seas, stronger storms, worsening droughts and wildfires, and food shortages.