climate and climate change

1. CHAPTER : CLIMATE
SUBJECT : SO.SCIENCE
Prepared by : Rangoli Pandey

3.  Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that forms
in the atmosphere and falls back to the earth. It
comes in many forms, like rain, sleet, and snow.
 Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.
When the humidity is less than 40 % the air is dry.
When the humidity is greater than 80 % the air is wet.
Humidity between 40% and 80% is moderate and
makes us feel comfortable if temperature is also less.
 Wind is the movement of air, caused by the uneven
heating of the Earth by the sun and the Earth's own
rotation .

4.  The elements of weather and climate are
those quantities or properties that are
measured regularly. The six main elements
are weather and climate are temperature,
atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity,
precipitation, and cloudiness.

5.  Weather forecasting is the prediction of what the
atmosphere will be like in a particular place by
using technology and scientific knowledge to
make weather observations. In other words, it's a
way of predicting things like cloud cover, rain,
snow, wind speed, and temperature before they
happen.
 Weather forecasting enables you to properly plan
your farm operations, such as planting,
irrigation, fertilizer application,
pruning/weeding, harvesting or livestock mating,
since farming and agriculture as a whole chiefly
depend on seasons and weather.

6.  Climate is the long-term pattern of weather
in a particular area. Weather can change from
hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month
or even year-to-year. A region's weather
patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years,
are considered its climate.

7. 1.
DISTANCE FROM
EQUATOR or
LATITUDE
2.
HEIGHT OF A
PLACE ABOVE SEA
LEVEL or
ALTITUDE
3.
DISTANCE FROM
THE SEA
4.
DIRECTION OF
THE WIND
5.
MOISTURE IN
THE AIR or
HUMIDITY

8.  The places located at
higher altitudes lie far
from the equator and
receive less sunlight and
places that are situated
toward the equator
receive more sunlight
and are hotter than the
places located at higher
latitudes. Sunlight also
causes low precipitation
or rainfall.

9.  The temperature of a place
decreases with increasing
altitude from the earth's
surface.
 The higher the altitude, the
colder the climate
becomes. This is because
the air at higher altitudes is
less dense and contains
less moisture, which makes
it more difficult to retain
heat. As a result, high-
altitude regions tend to
have cooler temperatures,
with lower humidity levels.

11.  If a region gets wind from a hot place it
becomes hot and If a region gets wind from a
colder place it becomes cool.
5. MOISTURE IN THE AIR or HUMIDITY
Humidity depends on the temperature and
pressure of the system of interest. The same
amount of water vapor results in higher
relative humidity in cool air than warm air.

12. Based on temperature, the
Earth is divided into three
zones: Torrid Zone, Temperate
Zone, and Frigid Zone. The
tropical or Torrid Zone lies near
the Equator and extends to the
Tropic of Cancer in the north
and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the south. The north and south
frigid zones also known as the
Arctic and the Antarctic region,
lie near the poles. In between
them lie the north and south
temperate zones.

13. Thanks