The document provides steps for cleaning a refrigeration system after a compressor burnout. It discusses recovering the refrigerant from the system, testing it for contaminants using a blend fractionation test, and determining if non-condensable gases are present. If the refrigerant passes the tests, it can be reused in the cleaned system. Otherwise, the refrigerant must be properly disposed of and new refrigerant added to the cleaned system.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System ComponentsAjaypalsinh Barad
The ppt contains detailed study of all the components used in refrigeration and air conditioning system with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System ComponentsAjaypalsinh Barad
The ppt contains detailed study of all the components used in refrigeration and air conditioning system with neat sketches and description. It is well formed as per the syllabus of GTU
COOLING SYSTEM
1) Need for cooling system (INTRODUCTION)
During the process of converting thermal energy to mechanical energy high temp are produced in the cylinder of the engine as a result of the combustion process. A large portion of the heat is transferred to the cylinder head and walls, piston and valves. Unless this excess heat is carried away and these parts are adequate cooled, the engine will be damaged. A cooling system must be preventing damages to vital parts of the engine, but the temperature of these components must be maintained within certain limits in the order to obtain maximum performance from the engine. Hence a cooling system is needed to keep the engine from not getting so hot as to cause problems and yet to permit it to run hot enough to ensure maximum efficiency of the engine. The duty of cooling system, in other word, is to keep the engine from getting not too hot and at the same time not to keep it too cool either.
2) Characteristics of efficient cooling system
The following are the two main characteristics desired of an efficient cooling system
1) It should be capable of removing about 30% of heat generated in the combustion chamber while maintain the optimum temp of the engine under all operating conditions of engine.
2) It should remove heat at a faster rate when engine is hot. However during starting of the engine the cooling should be minimum, so that the working parts of engine reach their operating temperature in short time.
3) Type of cooling system
In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is required. This can be either air or a liquid accordingly there are two type of systems in general use for cooling the IC engine. They are
1) Liquid or indirect cooling system
2) Air or direct cooling system
4) Liquid cooled systems
In this system mainly water is used and made to circulate through the jackets provided around the cylinder, cylinder-head, valve ports and seats where it extracts most of the heat.
It consists of a long flat, thin-walled tube with an opening, facing the water pump outlet and a number of small openings along its length that directs the water against the exhaust valves. The fits in the water jacket and can be removed from the front end of the block.
The heat is transferred from the cylinder walls and other parts by convection and conduction. The liquid becomes heated in its passage through the jackets and is in turn cooled by means of an air-cooled radiator system. The heat from liquid in turn is transferred to air. Hence it is called the indirect cooling system. Water cooling can be carried out by any of the following five methods
1) Direct or non-return system
2) Thermosyphone system
3) Forced circulation cooling system
4) Evaporative cooling system
5) Pressure cooling system
4.1) Direct or non-return system
This system is useful for large installation where plenty of water is available. The water from a storage tank is directly supplied through the inlet valve to
COOLING SYSTEM
1) Need for cooling system (INTRODUCTION)
During the process of converting thermal energy to mechanical energy high temp are produced in the cylinder of the engine as a result of the combustion process. A large portion of the heat is transferred to the cylinder head and walls, piston and valves. Unless this excess heat is carried away and these parts are adequate cooled, the engine will be damaged. A cooling system must be preventing damages to vital parts of the engine, but the temperature of these components must be maintained within certain limits in the order to obtain maximum performance from the engine. Hence a cooling system is needed to keep the engine from not getting so hot as to cause problems and yet to permit it to run hot enough to ensure maximum efficiency of the engine. The duty of cooling system, in other word, is to keep the engine from getting not too hot and at the same time not to keep it too cool either.
2) Characteristics of efficient cooling system
The following are the two main characteristics desired of an efficient cooling system
1) It should be capable of removing about 30% of heat generated in the combustion chamber while maintain the optimum temp of the engine under all operating conditions of engine.
2) It should remove heat at a faster rate when engine is hot. However during starting of the engine the cooling should be minimum, so that the working parts of engine reach their operating temperature in short time.
3) Type of cooling system
In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is required. This can be either air or a liquid accordingly there are two type of systems in general use for cooling the IC engine. They are
1) Liquid or indirect cooling system
2) Air or direct cooling system
4) Liquid cooled systems
In this system mainly water is used and made to circulate through the jackets provided around the cylinder, cylinder-head, valve ports and seats where it extracts most of the heat.
It consists of a long flat, thin-walled tube with an opening, facing the water pump outlet and a number of small openings along its length that directs the water against the exhaust valves. The fits in the water jacket and can be removed from the front end of the block.
The heat is transferred from the cylinder walls and other parts by convection and conduction. The liquid becomes heated in its passage through the jackets and is in turn cooled by means of an air-cooled radiator system. The heat from liquid in turn is transferred to air. Hence it is called the indirect cooling system. Water cooling can be carried out by any of the following five methods
1) Direct or non-return system
2) Thermosyphone system
3) Forced circulation cooling system
4) Evaporative cooling system
5) Pressure cooling system
4.1) Direct or non-return system
This system is useful for large installation where plenty of water is available. The water from a storage tank is directly supplied through the inlet valve to
Performance investigation of conventional heat pipe with hydrocarbon as worki...eSAT Journals
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Los fabricantes de gases refrigerantes los envasan en cilindros de colores, respetando el código de colores de AHRI (Air conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration Institute), que a su vez utiliza el PMS (Pantone Matching System), un lenguaje internacional de impresión que se utiliza para los colores. El AHRI asigna los colores de acuerdo con el Standard 34 de ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers)
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
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Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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15. Recovering Refrigerant
• The compressor burnout will not
damage the refrigerant.
• The refrigerant can be recovered if the
contaminants are removed.
• Reference:
Cleaning Procedures
Page 26 B Exp (S1) 40-10
Sporlan
23. Better safe than sorry
Remove the compressor carefully
• Remove the burned compressor
• Be aware that the system can be acid contaminated
• Do not touch oil with your bare hands
• Avoid breathing the acid vapors
24. You need to know what went wrong?
Before you install the new compressor
1.- Refrigerant Floodback
2.- Flooded Starts
3.- Slugging
4.- Compressor Overheating
5.- Electrical Failure
31. Remove the accesories from the
system
• Such as:
• Liquid Line and
Suction Filters
• Liquid indicators
• Metering devices
• Solenoid Valves
• Manual Valves
• Oil Separator
34. Install a new thermostatic valve
Clean all the accessories
Install a new thermostatic valve
Or install a new metering device
35. Install a big liquid line filter
• This should be the
largest you can
install.
36. Activated Carbon Filter
If the system is above 40 tons
This filter removes:
Oil Sludge, neutralizes
acid in the system, and
also removes debriefs
from the motor burnout.
The carbon activated
filter or core is the one
you should install
37.
38. Permanent Suction Line Filter / Drier-Filter
If the system is up to 40 tons
This filter is made of a
blended mixture of activaded alumina and molecular sieves
Brazing type
suction filter
39. Liquid line sight glass
(Moisture Indicator)
• This accessory will help us know when we need
to change the cores filters.
40. Oil Separator
Install a new oil separator
It is very possible that you will find debriefs of compressor in it
49. Non condensable gases effects
• If you leave non condensable
gases in the system they will cause:
1. High temperature in the high side
pressure.
2. The high pressure valve will become
very hot
3. Organic acids will form.
4. They will cause a early compressor
failure.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57. Moisture presence in the system
1. It will cause ice presence.
2. Ice will block the system metering
devices in the system such as:
• Cap tubes
• Thermostatic Expansion Valves
3. System problems.
4. It might damage internal compressor
parts.
58. When TEV is closed
• High temperature side very hot.
• High superheat at the compressor.
• Suction pressure lower than usual.
59. When TEV is wide open
• Cause Refrigerant Flood Back into to
the compressor crankase
• Low Super heat at the compressor.
• Suction pressure, unsual higher
suction pressure.
60.
61.
62. • These two contaminants will cause a
chemical reaction that will form:
1. Organic Acids
2. Oil Sludge
• Will cause early failures
in the compressors.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67. What happens if I pull the vacumm with the
compressor?
The motor insulation will be damaged
since the start up.
1. The motor windings work with out cooling,
that will cause damage to the motor
insulation.
2. The windings will short because of heat and
because the motor is working in a vacuum
environment condition.
68.
69.
70.
71. How to select the right vacuum pump?
1. You need to know the refrigeration
tons’ capacity of the system.
2. Thumb Rule: 1 cfm can dehydrate a 7
refrigeration tons system.
3. Now you are ready to select
the right vacuum capacity.
72. Example
• 30 R.T. Chiller
• The recomended
vacuum pump will
be:
– 6 CFM x 7 = 42 Tons
– 4 CFM x 7 = 28 Tons
75. Copeland Application Engineering Bulletin
Process
» Connect your vacuum pump
to the system
» Start the vacuum pump
» We stop when reach 1500
microns
» Break the vacuum with
nitrogen and pressurize the
system up to 2 psig.
» Wait 30 minutes
Triple Evacuation Process
Step 1
2 psig
76.
77. The vacuum pump must be connected to both the high
and low sides of the system through adequate
connections
80. Better safe than sorry
The nitrogen tank must have a pressure-regulating valve
Never attempt to pressurize a system without first
installing an appropriate pressure-regulating valve.
81. • The vacuum pump oil will turn white
• Open the vacuum pump gas ballast
• Wait until the oil slowly restores to its
usual state
• Close the gas ballast valve
82.
83. Copeland Application Engineering Bulletin
2 psig
Triple Evacuation Process
Step 2
» Vent the nitrogen from the
system
» Connect your vacuum pump to
the system
» Start the vacuum pump
» We stop when reach 1500
microns
» Break the vacuum with nitrogen
and pressurize the system up to
2 psig.
» We wait 30 minutes
84. Copeland Application Engineering Bulletin
» Vent the nitrogen from the
system
» Connect your vacuum pump to
the system
» Start the vacuum pump
» Stop your pump when you reach
500 or 250 microns, depending
the type of lubricant
» Break the vacuum with
refrigerant
Triple Evacuation Process
Step 3
85. Why the moisture is eliminated from the
system?
•The system pressure drops down
•The water boiling point changes
•The ambient temperature remains the same
86. For how long?
• You cannot measure vacuum with time
• External conditions that affect vacuum
time:
– Meters above the sea level
– System or equipment temperature
– Hose diameter
– Hose length
– Manifold location
88. Charge the system with refrigerant
• Decide if you are
reusing the recovered
refrigerant of the
system.
• Charging metods:
– By Superheat
– By Weight
89. Charging measuring Superheat
• Start the system
• Wait until the system
stabilizes
• Check the superheat
• Example:
• Suction Line Temp: 44°F
• Evaporating Temp: 34°F
• Superheat: 10°F
91. An oil sample should be taken every
24 running hours
• Then the oil
• The filter-driers
• Or both may be
changed.
• Depending upon
results of the oil
test.