The document defines key concepts for vectors including: - Components of a vector are represented as an ordered pair (p1,p2) and (q1,q2) where p and q are the initial and final points. - The magnitude of a vector PQ is calculated as the square root of (q1-p1)^2 + (q2-p2)^2. - Operations on vectors include addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and the dot and cross products. - The dot product of two vectors u and v equals their magnitude multiplied by the cosine of the angle between them. - The cross product of two vectors u and v produces a vector orthogonal to both and its magnitude