This document provides an overview of classes and objects in Python. It defines a class as a way to bind data and functions together. An object is an instance of a class and represents an entity with unique identity, state, and behaviors. The document discusses class attributes like __dict__, __doc__, and __name__. It also covers access specifiers like private, protected, and public and provides examples of declaring a class and defining methods in Python.

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3. CLASSES AND OBJECTS

4. CLASS
• A Class is a way to bind the data and its
associated functions together.
• An object is an instance of a class.
• Ideas about classes are:
– A class can have subclasses that can inherit all or
some of the characteristics of the class.
– Subclasses can also define their own methods and
variables that are not part of their superclass.

5. ACCESS SPECIFIER
• private -members of a class are accessible
only from within other members of the same
class
• protected -members are accessible from
members of their same class and from
members of their derived classes.
• public members are accessible from anywhere
where the object is visible

6. Access Specifier in python
• There are only public or private attributes
• Private-Anything that starts with two
underscores is private to the class (or module).
• Everything else is public
Eg:-
class Simple(object):
def __init__():
self.__x = 0

7. Declaring a class in python
class name:
statements

8. OBJECT
• An object that contains information about a
user-defined type
• An object represents an entity in the real world
• Distinctly identified
• For example, a student, a desk, a circle
• An object has an unique identity, state, and
behaviors.
– State-properties
– Behavior-a set of methods.

9. Built-In Class Attributes:
__dict__ : Dictionary containing the class's namespace.
__doc__ : Class documentation string, or None if
undefined.
__name__: Class name.
__module__: Module name in which the class is
defined. This attribute is "__main__" in interactive
mode.
__bases__ : A possibly empty tuple containing the
base classes, in the order of their occurrence in the
base class list.

10. Examples
class class1 :
name = “Classes in Python”
difficulty= “easy”
>> print class1.name
Classes in Python
>> print class1.difficulty
easy

11. >> object1 = class1()
>> print object1.name
Classes in python
•Defining Methods/functions in classes
class tutorials :
name = “Classes in Python”
difficulty= “easy”
def printname(self,name) :
print self.name

12. >> you = tutorials()
>> me = tutorials()
>> you.printname(“aneesh”)
Output
Classes in Python

14. Output

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