The document discusses fractions and their relationships to wholes. It explains that a whole can be divided into equal or unequal parts. It then defines common fractions as specific portions of a whole, with one half being when a whole is divided into two equal parts, one third being when a whole is divided into three equal parts, and one fourth being when a whole is divided into four equal parts. It encourages practicing dividing shapes into parts and shading the corresponding fractional portions.