This document discusses three types of claims - claims of fact, claims of value, and claims of policy. Claims of fact make statements that can be proven true or false based on evidence. Claims of value make judgments based on inherent moral values and criteria for what is good or bad. Claims of policy suggest ways that existing policies could or should be changed by proposing courses of action. Examples are provided for each type of claim to illustrate the differences.

1. FACT, VALUE &
POLICY
TYPES OF CLAIMS

2. Tell a word which you can associate with….
Value
Fact
Policy

4. CLAIMS OF FACT
Must be able to be proven
absolutely true.
Did it happen?
Is it True?
How do we know this?

5. CLAIMS OF FACT Examples
>Polar bears are on the verge of
extinction due to melting ice caps.

6. CLAIMS OF FACT
inferences about past present or
future

9. CLAIMS OF VALUE
Claim of value: Appeals to the inherent moral values of the
audience.
CLAIMS OF VALUE
How bad is it? How good?
How moral or immoral?
Of what worth is it?
Who says so?
What do these people value?
What values or criteria should I use to determine its goodness
or badness?
>Killing animals in the process of medical testing is immoral.

11. CLAIMS OF VALUE
 Appeals to the inherent moral values of the
audience.
CLAIMS OF VALUE
How bad is it? How good?
How moral or immoral?
Of what worth is it?
Who says so?
What do these people value?
What values or criteria should I use to determine its
goodness or badness?
>Killing animals in the process of medical testing is immoral.

12. CLAIMS OF VALUE Examples
 Killing animals in the process of medical testing
is immoral.
 Sinawingan High School is the best school in
Libungan.
 Jake Cuenca is the worst actor in the series Los
Bastardos.
 Engaging to pre-marital sex is immoral.
 The church says that marriage is only for a man
and a woman.
 Jollibee’s chicken meal is more delicious than
Chowking’s.

14. CLAIMS OF POLICY
 Suggests ways in which existent policy
can and should be changed.
CLAIMS OF POLICY
What should we do?
How should we act?
How can we solve this problem?
What course of action should we pursue?

15. CLAIMS OF POLICY Examples
 People who refuse to recycle should be
forced to do alternative community
service.
 Schools should allow students to go home
every lunch break.
 The government should implement
programs against poverty.
 Students must wear their IDs all the time.

17. GROUP ACTIVITY
List down two examples for each
type of claim
Reporting Follows``

18. NAME THAT CLAIM
1. VANILLA ICE CREAM IS BETTER THAN CHOCOLATE.
2. SINGLE-SEX SCHOOLS ARE GOOD FOR EDUCATION.
3. ALL PUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN SHOULD WEAR
UNIFORMS.
4. CELL PHONES SHOULD BE ALLOWED IN SCHOOLS.
5. CARROTS ARE GROSS.
6. A WOMAN’S PLACE IS IN THE HOME.
7. THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE SHOULD BE ELIMINATED.
8. PROHIBITION INCREASED ORGANIZED CRIME.
9. VIDEO GAMES ARE BAD FOR SOCIETY.
10. THE DRIVING AGE SHOULD BE INCREASED TO 18.