Civil Rights laws aim to guarantee equal treatment and political participation for all citizens regardless of race. The Supreme Court struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, reversing the earlier Plessy v. Ferguson decision. Subsequent Civil Rights Acts in 1964 and 1965 banned discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and voting. The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote. Later court cases and laws extended civil rights protections to other groups such as prohibiting sexual harassment and advancing LGBTQ rights.

1. Civil Rights Dr. Christopher S. Rice

2. Civil Rights Legal protections concerning equality and citizens’ participation in the country’s democratic governing process.

3. Civil Rights Equal treatment by government of all citizens. Guarantees that all citizens are able to participate as equals in the practice of democratic life. These are government guarantees of political equality .

4. TRUE or FALSE The Supreme Court struck down the idea of “separate but equal” in Plessy v. Ferguson . 0

5. Equality for African-Americans Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - “Separate but Equal” Circumventing voting guarantees of the 15th Amendment: Poll Tax Literacy Test (+ Grandfather Clause) White Primaries Terror and Intimidation (has this really ended?)

6. Equality for African-Americans Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954) Reversed Plessy Doctrine - “Separate educational facilities inherently unequal” 1954 Gallup poll - substantial majority of Southern whites opposed decision. 1954 Gallup poll - only a slim majority of whites outside the South agreed with the decision The struggle for civil rights was on…

7. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Barred unequal application of voter registration requirements, but did not abolish literacy tests. Outlawed discrimination in: Hotels Motels Restaurants Theaters all other public accommodations engaged in interstate commerce exempted private clubs without defining "private," thereby allowing a loophole.

8. Civil Rights Act of 1964 Authorized but did not require withdrawal of federal funds from programs which practiced discriminations. Outlaws discrimination in employment in any business on the basis of: race national origin sex religion Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces this.

9. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Made it illegal for a governmental entity to deny equal access to the electoral process to persons on account of race, color or language minority status.

10. Which of the following gave women the right to vote? the Eleventh Amendment the Fourteenth Amendment the Nineteenth Amendment the Twenty-Second Amendment

11. Civil Rights for Women Roe v. Wade (1973) Abortion went from a legislative issue to a constitutional issue, from a matter of policy to a matter of rights. Based on the “right to privacy” (Griswold v. Connecticut) Subsequent cases gave latitude to states to restrict abortions but did not overturn it.

12. Civil Rights for Women Sexual Harassment 1980 - EEOC ruled making sexual activity a condition of employment or promotion violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Supreme Court - Only have to prove work environment is hostile or abusive.

13. Gay and Lesbian Rights Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) 1992 - Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Romer v. Evans (1996) 2000 - Vermont legalizes same-sex unions. Lawrence v. Texas (2003) 2004 - Massachusetts institutes same-sex marriage

14. Gay and Lesbian Rights Bush and Kerry had essentially the same position on gay marriage in 2004. 2004 - 12 states had ballot measures banning same-sex marriage. All passed. Most Americans oppose same sex marriage, but divided almost equally on civil union issue. Attitudes toward same-sex relationships have moderated substantially in recent decades.