The document discusses the concept of citizenship in the Philippines, defining it as a permanent membership in a political community. It outlines categories of citizenship, including natural-born and naturalized citizens, detailing the legal frameworks and principles such as jus sanguinis and jus soli. Additionally, it addresses the loss and reacquisition of citizenship, including expatriation and repatriation as defined in the Philippine Constitution.

1. PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
Prepared by: Irish Verone Polidario

2. What is CITIZENSHIP
Citizenship is a membership in a political
community which is personal and more or
less permanent in character.

3. Section 1, Article IV of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution identified the citizens of the
Philippines as:
1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the
time of the adoption of this Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers and mothers are citizens of
the Philippines;

4. 3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino
mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon
reaching the age of majority which is 21 years old;
and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

5. Natural-born citizens are those who are
citizens of the Philippines from birth without
having to perform any act to acquire or
perfect their citizenship (Sec. 2, Article IV)

6. By birth
By naturalization
What is NATURALIZATION?
It is a legal process which those persons who are formerly citizens
of other countries has applied for naturalization in accordance with
law in a certain state in order to become a citizen of that country.

7. There are 2 general principles applicable to this mode.
They are:
1. JUS SANGUINIS- literally means “law of blood”.
2. JUS SOLI- literally means “law of the soil”.
(place of birth)

8. Natural-Born Citizen
Naturalized Citizen
A natural-born citizen is one who is already a citizen
of the state at the time of birth. He does not perform an
act to acquire or perfect his citizenship.
A naturalized citizen is one who is a citizen of one
country and who through an intervening act which is
naturalization, becomes a citizen of another country.

9. Loss and Reacquisition of
Philippine Citizenship
 (Sec. 3, Article IV of the Philippine Constitution)
a. Expatriation- an act when a citizen gives up or loses his
citizenship.
a. Repatriation- an act of reacquiring or returning to one’s original
citizenship (Nebres, 2007)