The human heart is an organ composed of four chambers that pumps blood throughout the body via the circulatory system. It has four valves that ensure blood flows in one direction, and is made up of two upper chambers called the atria and two lower chambers called the ventricles. The heart has four main functions and pumps blood through major vessels like the vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and aorta to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing carbon dioxide and waste.