The document discusses circuit and virtual circuit switching, which involve data communication pathways established between devices. It highlights different types of circuits—physical and logical—and the process of switching in networks, particularly focusing on circuit and packet switching techniques. Key characteristics and examples of each switching method are provided, along with questions and answers that reinforce the concepts presented.

1. CIRCUIT AND VIRTUAL CIRCUIT
SWITCHING
Mrs. A.SEETHA
Assistant Professor
Information Technology Department
S.A.Engineering College

2. CIRCUIT AND VIRTUAL CIRCUIT
SWITCHING
 CIRCUIT: Circuit refers to the logical or physical
pathway established for data communication between
two or more devices.
 It originates from traditional telecommunication
systems, such as telephone networks, where a
dedicated circuit was created for a call. This concept
extends to computer networking, with a focus on how
connections are established, managed, and
maintained.

3. TYPES OF CIRCUIT
Types of Circuits in Computer Networks:
1.Physical Circuits:
2.Logical Circuits:
1.Physical Circuits:
 It is hardware-based connections, such as wires, fiber
optics, or radio links, that connect devices.
 Examples
Ethernet cables, coaxial cables, and wireless radio
signals.

4.  2.Logical Circuits:
 Virtual pathways established over a physical
network.
Examples:
virtual private networks (VPNs) and routing
paths in packet-switched networks
CIRCUIT

6. SWITCHING
 Switching is the process of transferring data
packets from one device to another in a network,
or from one network to another, using specific
device.
 A switch is a hardware device in a network that
connects other devices, like computers and servers.

7. SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
 Switching technique is used to connect the
systems for making one-to-one
communication.

8. SWITCHING TECHNIQUES
What is a Network Switching?
 A Network switch is a dedicated to computer
hardware that facilitates the process of
switching
Example:
 Data link layer of the OSI Layer model

9. CLASSIFICATION OF SWITCHING
TECHNIQUES

17. QUESTION-1
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of
circuit switching?
a) Packets are transmitted independently.
b) A dedicated communication path is
established.
c) No setup is required before communication.
d) Data is transmitted as datagrams.
Answer: b) A dedicated communication path is
established

18. QUESTION-2
2. Which type of communication uses circuit
switching?
a) HTTP requests
b) File transfers over the internet
c) Traditional telephone calls
d) Streaming videos
Answer:
c) Traditional telephone calls

19. QUESTION-3
7. Which of the following uses packet-switched
networks instead of circuit-switched networks?
a) Video conferencing
b) Email communication
c) Internet browsing
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

20. QUESTION-4
4. Which topology is commonly used in circuit-
switched networks for traditional
telecommunication?
a) Mesh topology
b) Star topology
c) Bus topology
d) Ring topology
Answer: a) Mesh topology

21. QUESTION-5
5. What does each packet contain in a virtual circuit network?
a) only source address
b) only destination address
c) full source and destination address
d) a short VC number
Answer: d
Explanation: A short VC number also called as VCID (virtual
circuit identifier) is a type of identifier which is used to
distinguish between several virtual circuits in a connection
oriented circuit switched network. Each virtual circuit is used
to transfer data over a larger packet switched network.

22. QUESTION-6
6. If a link transmits 4000 frames per second, and each
slot has 8 bits, what is the transmission rate of the
circuit using Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)?
a) 500kbps
b) 32kbps
c) 32bps
d) 500bps
View Answer
Answer: b

23. QUESTION-6
Explanation:
Transmission rate= frame rate * number of bits
in a slot.
Given: Frame rate = 4000/sec and number of bits
in slot = 8
Thus, Transmission rate = (4000 * 8) bps
= 32000bps
= 32kbps

24. QUESTION-7
7. A local telephone network is an example of a _______ network.
a) Packet switched
b) Circuit switched
c) Bit switched
d) Line switched
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Circuit switching is connection oriented switching
technique, whereas in the case of packet switching, it is
connectionless. Circuit switching is implemented in the Physical
layer, whereas packet switching is implemented in the Network
layer. Internet too is based on the concept of circuit switching.

25. QUESTION-8
8. Most packet switches use this principle ____________
a) Stop and wait
b) Store and forward
c) Store and wait
d) Stop and forward
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The packet switch will not transmit the first bit to
outbound link until it receives the entire packet. If the entire
packet is not received and the time-out period expires, the packet
switch will inform the sender to resend the part of packet or the
entire packet based on the algorithm being used.

26. QUESTION-9
9. What are the Methods to move data through a network of links and
switches?
a) Packet switching and Line switching
b) Circuit switching and Line switching
c) Line switching and bit switching
d) Packet switching and Circuit switching
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Packet switching and Circuit switching are two different
types of switching methods used to connect the multiple
communicating devices with one another. Packet switching is used in
conventional LAN systems and circuit switching is used in telephonic
systems.

27. QUESTION-10
10. In _________ systems, resources are allocated on demand.
a) packet switching
b) circuit switching
c) line switching
d) frequency switching
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In packet switching, the bits are received in out of
order and need to be assembled at the receiver end, whereas in
the case of Circuit switching, all the bits are received in order. All
transmissions may not occur through the same path in case of
packet switching.

28. THANK YOU