Chromosomes
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There are four types of chromosomes defined by the location of the centromere: 1) Metacentric chromosomes have a centromere located in the center, dividing the chromosome into two equal lengths. Human chromosomes 1 and 3 are metacentric. 2) Submetacentric chromosomes have a centromere slightly offset from the center, making the two sections asymmetrical in length. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric. 3) Acrocentric chromosomes have a severely offset centromere, resulting in one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13, 15, 21 and 22 are acrocentric. 4) Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere located
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Introduction to Chromosomes
in this presentation we will study about the chromosomes. disease of chromosomes linkage of chromosomes etc
CHROMOSOMES
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus that contain DNA. They condense during cell division and duplicate their DNA before splitting into two identical copies in each daughter cell. The number and structure of chromosomes provide important genetic information. Key points are that chromosomes contain DNA, duplicate before cell division, and determine species traits through their number and structure.
Introduction to chromosomes
This document provides an introduction to chromosomes and key chromosome concepts. It discusses that chromosomes are packages of DNA and protein that occur in distinct numbers in each species. In humans there are 46 total chromosomes, including 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes and an XY or XX sex chromosome pair that determines gender. The document contrasts karyotypes, which show a cell's chromosome arrangement, of normal human cells versus abnormal cells and explains the differences between diploid and haploid cell types.
Presentation on Morphology of Chromosomes
The document discusses the morphology of chromosomes. It describes the key structural features of chromosomes visible under a light microscope after staining, including chromatids, centromeres, telomeres, secondary constrictions, and satellites. It notes that each species has a definite chromosome number and that chromatids are produced through chromosome replication. Centromeres connect sister chromatids and aid in chromosome movement during cell division. Some chromosomes also contain secondary constrictions and satellites.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus that carry genetic information from one generation to the next. They play a vital role in cell division, heredity, and genetic inheritance. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins, and vary in size, shape, and number between different species. They have various structures like chromatids, centromeres, and telomeres that allow them to duplicate and segregate accurately during cell division. Specific types of chromosomes include polytene chromosomes found in insect cells and lampbrush chromosomes found in animal oocytes. Chromosomes function to protect DNA and regulate gene expression essential for growth, reproduction, and repair of organisms.
Chromosome (girja pd. patel)
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. They are composed of DNA and proteins, and are only visible during cell division. Chromosomes contain genes and act as the primary physical basis for heredity by passing genetic traits from parents to offspring. The number and appearance of chromosomes are typically constant for each species. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.
Chromosome: A Complete Overview
Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. A chromosome is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division. Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting in an X-shaped structure. The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase, when a chromosome is in its most condensed state, the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are structures found in cell nuclei that contain DNA. They exist in two forms - euchromatin, which is loosely coiled and transcriptionally active, and heterochromatin, which is tightly coiled and inactive. In humans, there are 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell organized into 23 homologous pairs, with 1 pair being the sex chromosomes that differ between males and females. Chromosomes compact and thicken during cell division to allow for proper segregation into daughter cells.
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Introduction to Chromosomes
in this presentation we will study about the chromosomes. disease of chromosomes linkage of chromosomes etc
CHROMOSOMES
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus that contain DNA. They condense during cell division and duplicate their DNA before splitting into two identical copies in each daughter cell. The number and structure of chromosomes provide important genetic information. Key points are that chromosomes contain DNA, duplicate before cell division, and determine species traits through their number and structure.
Introduction to chromosomes
This document provides an introduction to chromosomes and key chromosome concepts. It discusses that chromosomes are packages of DNA and protein that occur in distinct numbers in each species. In humans there are 46 total chromosomes, including 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes and an XY or XX sex chromosome pair that determines gender. The document contrasts karyotypes, which show a cell's chromosome arrangement, of normal human cells versus abnormal cells and explains the differences between diploid and haploid cell types.
Presentation on Morphology of Chromosomes
The document discusses the morphology of chromosomes. It describes the key structural features of chromosomes visible under a light microscope after staining, including chromatids, centromeres, telomeres, secondary constrictions, and satellites. It notes that each species has a definite chromosome number and that chromatids are produced through chromosome replication. Centromeres connect sister chromatids and aid in chromosome movement during cell division. Some chromosomes also contain secondary constrictions and satellites.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus that carry genetic information from one generation to the next. They play a vital role in cell division, heredity, and genetic inheritance. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins, and vary in size, shape, and number between different species. They have various structures like chromatids, centromeres, and telomeres that allow them to duplicate and segregate accurately during cell division. Specific types of chromosomes include polytene chromosomes found in insect cells and lampbrush chromosomes found in animal oocytes. Chromosomes function to protect DNA and regulate gene expression essential for growth, reproduction, and repair of organisms.
Chromosome (girja pd. patel)
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. They are composed of DNA and proteins, and are only visible during cell division. Chromosomes contain genes and act as the primary physical basis for heredity by passing genetic traits from parents to offspring. The number and appearance of chromosomes are typically constant for each species. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.
Chromosome: A Complete Overview
Chromosomes are bundles of tightly coiled DNA located within the nucleus of almost every cell in our body. A chromosome is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division. Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting in an X-shaped structure. The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase, when a chromosome is in its most condensed state, the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are structures found in cell nuclei that contain DNA. They exist in two forms - euchromatin, which is loosely coiled and transcriptionally active, and heterochromatin, which is tightly coiled and inactive. In humans, there are 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell organized into 23 homologous pairs, with 1 pair being the sex chromosomes that differ between males and females. Chromosomes compact and thicken during cell division to allow for proper segregation into daughter cells.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are structures within cell nuclei that carry genetic information. They are most visible during cell division. A chromosome has a centromere region that attaches to spindle fibers and allows proper separation of chromosomes during cell division. Chromosomes also have telomeres at the ends that are important for stability and replication. The number and structure of chromosomes can vary between species and abnormalities in chromosome number or structure are known as chromosomal aberrations, including deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.
Chromosomes
This document discusses chromosome structure and organization with respect to nucleosomes. It begins by defining genetic material and describing its forms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It then discusses the components of chromatin, including histone and non-histone proteins. It describes how DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, and how nucleosomes further organize into higher-order structures like the 30nm fiber. The document concludes by explaining how condensin proteins facilitate chromosome condensation during cell division.
Structure of chromosome
Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells that contain organized DNA. They come in two types - autosomes which control non-sex characteristics, and sex chromosomes which determine sex. Chromosomes exist in pairs and are made up of DNA, proteins, and RNA. They contain a centromere that joins sister chromatids and a telomere at each end to protect the chromosome. Chromosomes package and protect DNA, carry genetic information to make proteins, and are essential for cell division and reproduction.
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Chromosomes are structures that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. They are made up of DNA, proteins, and other components. The main parts of a chromosome include the centromere, chromatids, chromonemata, and chromomeres. Centromeres connect sister chromatids and determine chromosome type. Chromonemata are spirally coiled DNA threads embedded in the chromosome matrix. Chromomeres are distinct regions visible in early meiosis. Chromosomes also contain nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, which carry the genetic code, as well as structural proteins. DNA contains the cell's complete set of genetic instructions in the form of genes. RNA helps convert this genetic information into functional proteins.
CHROMOSOMES SMG
A general account of chromosomes- morphology, types of chromosomes based on the position of centromere, chemical composition, C - value
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA and protein found within cells. They contain DNA bound to proteins and serve to package and control DNA functions. Chromosomes have two key features - centromeres and telomeres. The centromere is the region where sister chromatids are joined and allows for proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Telomeres provide terminal stability to chromosomes and ensure their survival. Both centromeres and telomeres play essential roles in maintaining chromosome and genome integrity.
Chromosomes structure and function, Dr.Kamelsh shah, PSSHDA, KADI
Chromosomes have a complex hierarchical structure that allows long DNA molecules to fit inside cells. At the most basic level, DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which resemble "beads on a string". Nucleosomes further compact to form higher-order chromatin structures. Chromatin contains both euchromatin, which is loosely packed, and heterochromatin, which is highly condensed. Non-histone proteins also aid in DNA compaction and genetic processes like transcription and replication. Chromatin packaging allows meters of DNA to fit within microscopic nuclei.
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Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and serve several important functions. They provide the genetic information for cells through genes located on the chromosomes. Chromosomes also package and protect the DNA, ensuring it is properly distributed during cell division to daughter cells. Chromosomes help regulate gene expression and replication of DNA to maintain genetic integrity. In humans, sex is determined by the X and Y chromosomes.
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This document discusses chromosomes and their structure. Some key points:
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA. They can be seen during cell division.
- Chromosomes come in different shapes depending on the location of the centromere. They also have two arms labeled p and q.
- Humans have 46 chromosomes in their somatic cells. The number varies between species but is consistent within a species.
- Chromosomes contain DNA that is tightly packaged and organized through proteins like histones to fit inside the nucleus. Nucleosomes and chromatin compaction allow for the dense packing of DNA.
Topic chromosome
Chromosomes are the smallest during anaphase and studied during metaphase. They range in size from 0.5-32 micrometers in length and 0.2-3 micrometers in diameter, with the longest being 32 micrometers in the plant Trillium. Each metaphase chromosome is longitudinally divided into two identical parts called chromatids joined at the centromere. The position of the centromere determines whether the chromosome is metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, or telocentric. Telomeres are repetitive units at the ends of chromosomes that maintain structural integrity. Secondary constrictions are associated with nucleoli and are nuclear organizing regions.
Chromosome structure
Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and play several important roles in the cell. They package and organize the genome, act as the basic units of heredity during cell division, and determine traits by controlling which genes are expressed. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, histone proteins, and other components. In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes, which condense into chromatin and further condense into visible chromosomes during cell division. Prokaryotes have single circular chromosomes while eukaryotes chromosomes are linear and located within the nucleus. Chromosomes ensure accurate replication and transmission of genetic material between parent and daughter cells.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are organized packages of DNA found in cells that contain genetic material. Humans normally have 46 chromosomes - 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. Each autosome has a matching homologous chromosome that it pairs with. Chromosomes are easiest to study during metaphase when they are most condensed. Key features of metaphase chromosomes include sister chromatids joined at the centromere, which divides the chromosome into arms. Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes and help maintain stability.
Chromosome structure
Chromosomes are organized structures found in cells that contain DNA and proteins. They are located in the nucleus and are passed from parents to offspring. Chromosomes ensure DNA is accurately copied and distributed when cells divide. They exist in pairs and are made up of DNA wrapped around histone proteins to form structures called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes further compact to form higher order chromatin and chromosome structures.
Presentation on Morphology of Chromosome
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Structure of chromosome chandu 1
Chromosomes are rod-shaped structures found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. They were first described in 1875 and are visible during cell division. Chromosomes exist in two types - autosomes which control non-sex characteristics, and sex chromosomes which determine sex. Each chromosome has a centromere, short and long arms, and telomeres at the ends. The number of chromosomes varies between species but cells of an individual normally contain an even number of matched chromosomes. Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that packages DNA within the nucleus, and exists in either loosely coiled euchromatin form or tightly coiled heterochromatin form.
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and protein found in cells. They contain genes and other sequences that control functions. Chromosomes come in two types - prokaryotic chromosomes are usually circular DNA molecules while eukaryotic chromosomes contain linear DNA molecules organized into multiple structures. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins. The DNA is tightly coiled and packaged into nucleosomes, which further coil to form higher-order structures. Centromeres and telomeres play important roles in cell division and chromosome stability. Chromosome number and structure can vary between species and provide insights into evolution.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are structures that package and organize DNA and associated proteins. In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form chromatin, which condenses into linear or circular chromosomes. Key features of eukaryotic chromosomes include centromeres, telomeres, and repetitive sequences. Chromosomes are compacted through DNA supercoiling and packaging into nucleosomes. The structure and packaging of chromosomes allows for efficient storage and regulation of the genetic material.
Definition of chromosomes and it's functions
Chromosomes are structures that carry hereditary information in the form of genes. Each chromosome contains DNA and protein. There are different types of chromosomes, including autosomes that determine physical traits and sex chromosomes that determine sex. Chromosomes have a complex structure with regions like the centromere and telomeres that allow for cell division. They perform essential functions like DNA replication, gene expression, and transmitting traits from parents to offspring.
Genetics Series Chromosomes.pptx
Chromosomes are visible structures that contain DNA. They exist in two forms - as chromatin during interphase and as condensed structures during cell division. Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes so they can be seen under a microscope during mitosis and meiosis. Chromosomes contain DNA, are found in cell nuclei, and their number and structure is consistent within each species. During cell division, chromosomes condense further and separate into sister chromatids attached at the centromere.
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Chromosome
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Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells that contain organized DNA. They come in two types - autosomes which control non-sex characteristics, and sex chromosomes which determine sex. Chromosomes exist in pairs and are made up of DNA, proteins, and RNA. They contain a centromere that joins sister chromatids and a telomere at each end to protect the chromosome. Chromosomes package and protect DNA, carry genetic information to make proteins, and are essential for cell division and reproduction.
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Chromosomes are structures that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. They are made up of DNA, proteins, and other components. The main parts of a chromosome include the centromere, chromatids, chromonemata, and chromomeres. Centromeres connect sister chromatids and determine chromosome type. Chromonemata are spirally coiled DNA threads embedded in the chromosome matrix. Chromomeres are distinct regions visible in early meiosis. Chromosomes also contain nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, which carry the genetic code, as well as structural proteins. DNA contains the cell's complete set of genetic instructions in the form of genes. RNA helps convert this genetic information into functional proteins.
CHROMOSOMES SMG
A general account of chromosomes- morphology, types of chromosomes based on the position of centromere, chemical composition, C - value
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA and protein found within cells. They contain DNA bound to proteins and serve to package and control DNA functions. Chromosomes have two key features - centromeres and telomeres. The centromere is the region where sister chromatids are joined and allows for proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Telomeres provide terminal stability to chromosomes and ensure their survival. Both centromeres and telomeres play essential roles in maintaining chromosome and genome integrity.
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Chromosomes have a complex hierarchical structure that allows long DNA molecules to fit inside cells. At the most basic level, DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which resemble "beads on a string". Nucleosomes further compact to form higher-order chromatin structures. Chromatin contains both euchromatin, which is loosely packed, and heterochromatin, which is highly condensed. Non-histone proteins also aid in DNA compaction and genetic processes like transcription and replication. Chromatin packaging allows meters of DNA to fit within microscopic nuclei.
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This document provides a summary of cell structure, cell division, Mendel's laws of inheritance, and the chromosomal theory of inheritance. It describes the key components of plant and animal cells, including the cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and their functions. It also explains the stages of the cell cycle and both mitosis and meiosis. The document then summarizes Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants, his laws of inheritance including dominance, segregation and independent assortment. Finally, it introduces the chromosomal theory of inheritance which links genes to chromosomes.
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Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and serve several important functions. They provide the genetic information for cells through genes located on the chromosomes. Chromosomes also package and protect the DNA, ensuring it is properly distributed during cell division to daughter cells. Chromosomes help regulate gene expression and replication of DNA to maintain genetic integrity. In humans, sex is determined by the X and Y chromosomes.
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Humans have 46 chromosomes that come in 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, with half inherited from each parent. A karyotype shows these pairs of matching chromosomes. For a given character, the gene is always found in the same locus on one of the two chromosomes that make up a homologous pair.
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This document discusses chromosomes and their structure. Some key points:
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus that contain DNA. They can be seen during cell division.
- Chromosomes come in different shapes depending on the location of the centromere. They also have two arms labeled p and q.
- Humans have 46 chromosomes in their somatic cells. The number varies between species but is consistent within a species.
- Chromosomes contain DNA that is tightly packaged and organized through proteins like histones to fit inside the nucleus. Nucleosomes and chromatin compaction allow for the dense packing of DNA.
Topic chromosome
Chromosomes are the smallest during anaphase and studied during metaphase. They range in size from 0.5-32 micrometers in length and 0.2-3 micrometers in diameter, with the longest being 32 micrometers in the plant Trillium. Each metaphase chromosome is longitudinally divided into two identical parts called chromatids joined at the centromere. The position of the centromere determines whether the chromosome is metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, or telocentric. Telomeres are repetitive units at the ends of chromosomes that maintain structural integrity. Secondary constrictions are associated with nucleoli and are nuclear organizing regions.
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Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and play several important roles in the cell. They package and organize the genome, act as the basic units of heredity during cell division, and determine traits by controlling which genes are expressed. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, histone proteins, and other components. In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes, which condense into chromatin and further condense into visible chromosomes during cell division. Prokaryotes have single circular chromosomes while eukaryotes chromosomes are linear and located within the nucleus. Chromosomes ensure accurate replication and transmission of genetic material between parent and daughter cells.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are organized packages of DNA found in cells that contain genetic material. Humans normally have 46 chromosomes - 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. Each autosome has a matching homologous chromosome that it pairs with. Chromosomes are easiest to study during metaphase when they are most condensed. Key features of metaphase chromosomes include sister chromatids joined at the centromere, which divides the chromosome into arms. Telomeres cap the ends of chromosomes and help maintain stability.
Chromosome structure
Chromosomes are organized structures found in cells that contain DNA and proteins. They are located in the nucleus and are passed from parents to offspring. Chromosomes ensure DNA is accurately copied and distributed when cells divide. They exist in pairs and are made up of DNA wrapped around histone proteins to form structures called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes further compact to form higher order chromatin and chromosome structures.
Presentation on Morphology of Chromosome
Chromosomes are rod-shaped structures that become visible during cell division and carry genetic material. They are composed of chromatin fibers that coil and fold to make chromosomes visible under a light microscope during cell division. Each species has a definite number of chromosomes represented as 2n in somatic cells. Chromosomes contain features like chromatids, centromeres, telomeres, and secondary constrictions that play important structural and functional roles.
Structure of chromosome chandu 1
Chromosomes are rod-shaped structures found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. They were first described in 1875 and are visible during cell division. Chromosomes exist in two types - autosomes which control non-sex characteristics, and sex chromosomes which determine sex. Each chromosome has a centromere, short and long arms, and telomeres at the ends. The number of chromosomes varies between species but cells of an individual normally contain an even number of matched chromosomes. Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that packages DNA within the nucleus, and exists in either loosely coiled euchromatin form or tightly coiled heterochromatin form.
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes are structures that contain DNA and protein found in cells. They contain genes and other sequences that control functions. Chromosomes come in two types - prokaryotic chromosomes are usually circular DNA molecules while eukaryotic chromosomes contain linear DNA molecules organized into multiple structures. Chromosomes are made up of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins. The DNA is tightly coiled and packaged into nucleosomes, which further coil to form higher-order structures. Centromeres and telomeres play important roles in cell division and chromosome stability. Chromosome number and structure can vary between species and provide insights into evolution.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are structures that package and organize DNA and associated proteins. In eukaryotes, DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form chromatin, which condenses into linear or circular chromosomes. Key features of eukaryotic chromosomes include centromeres, telomeres, and repetitive sequences. Chromosomes are compacted through DNA supercoiling and packaging into nucleosomes. The structure and packaging of chromosomes allows for efficient storage and regulation of the genetic material.
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Chromosomes contain DNA organized with proteins. During cell division, chromosomes condense into thick, distinct structures that can be seen. They contain genes that control characteristics. In humans, body cells have 46 chromosomes while sex cells have 23. Chromosomes differ in size, centromere location, arm length, and shape during cell division. They are made up of telomeres, chromatids, centromeres, and primary/secondary constrictions. The DNA is tightly packed with histone proteins to regulate gene expression and fit inside cells.
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Chromosomes are structures within cells that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. They are only visible during cell division. Chromosomes are composed of chromatin fibers that coil and fold, making the chromosomes visible under a light microscope during cell division. The number and size of chromosomes vary between species but provide the basic genetic information. Key parts of chromosomes include the centromere, which divides the chromosome into arms and attaches to spindle fibers during cell division, and the telomeres at the ends, which provide stability.
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The document discusses the structure and composition of chromosomes. It defines key terms like chromatid, centromere, and telomere. It describes the four classes of chromosomes based on centromere position - metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric. The document also discusses heterochromatin, euchromatin, karyotypes, and the chemical composition of chromosomes, including DNA, histones, and non-histone proteins.
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The mitotic cell cycle
The document provides information about chromosomes and their structure. It discusses that chromosomes are made up of DNA tightly coiled around histone proteins. Chromosomes contain genes and appear as rod-shaped structures during cell division. The document also describes the different parts of a chromosome including the centromere, telomeres, and chromatin. It discusses the role of chromosomes in genetic inheritance, cell division and differentiation.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are structures within the nucleus that contain DNA. They become visible during cell division and are the carriers of genetic information. Chromosomes are composed of chromatin fibers that coil and fold, making the chromosomes visible under a light microscope during cell division. Chromosomes vary in size and number between species. They contain DNA that is packaged with histone proteins to form chromatin. The basic repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which contains 146 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins.
Chromosomal Disorders
Chromosomal disorders occur when there are changes in the number or structure of chromosomes. These changes can result in problems with growth, development and body functioning. There are two main types of chromosomal disorders: numerical aberrations which are changes in chromosome number, and structural aberrations which are changes in chromosome structure such as deletions, duplications, translocations, inversions, and ring chromosomes. Common chromosomal disorders include Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Turner syndrome.
Chromosomal aberrations
This document provides an overview of chromosomes. It begins by defining a chromosome as a structure that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Chromosomes are located in the cell nucleus and are made up of DNA and protein. The total complement of genes in an organism makes up its genome, which can be stored on one or more chromosomes. In humans, there are usually 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. The document then discusses chromosome structure, the different types of chromosomes, the functions of chromosomes, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes. It concludes by defining chromosome aberrations and describing the two main types: structural and numerical aberrations.
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Chromosomes
- 2. 1)Metacentric Chromosomes • Metacentric chromosomes have the centromere in the center, such that both sections are of equal length. Human chromosome 1 and 3 are metacentric. .Image for Metacentric Chromosome:
- 3. 2)Submetacentric Chromosomes Submetacentric chromosomes have the centromere slightly offset from the center leading to a slight asymmetry in the length of the two sections. Human chromosomes 4 through 12 are submetacentric. Image for Submetacentric Chromosome:
- 4. Acrocentric Chromosomes • Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere which is severely offset from the center leading to one very long and one very short section. Human chromosomes 13,15, 21, and 22 are acrocentric.
- 5. Telocentric Chromosomes • Telocentric chromosomes have the centromere at the very end of the chromosome. Humans do not possess telocentric chromosomes but they are found in other species such as mice.
- 6. All the types of Chromosomes Image
- 7. Functions of chromosomes •DNA present on the chromosomes not only carries most of the genetic information but also controls the hereditary transfer
- 8. PROCESS: •Chromosomes are essential for the process of cell division, cell replication ,and creation of daughter cells
- 9. IN Eukariyotic cells •Chromosomes are often called the “packaging material” because it tightly holds the DNAand Proteins together in the Eukaryotic cells.
- 10. THANKYOU