This document summarizes a journal club presentation on the chromosome arch, a non-invasive anchorage device. It describes the fabrication of the chromosome arch and presents two case reports where it was used for maxillary anterior retraction. In the first case, use of the chromosome arch resulted in no anchorage loss, while the second case using a transpalatal arch showed 2mm of anchorage loss. The chromosome arch provides better control of tooth movement in the sagittal and vertical planes compared to conventional anchorage devices. It is concluded that the chromosome arch is an effective and non-invasive way to reinforce anchorage during orthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stages in beggs technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stages in beggs technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
Biomechanics of headgears in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Friction less mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This slide gives an full view of the important bio mechanics of temporary anchorage devices (TADS) this slide includes :
# Bio-mechanical principles of miniscrews in orthodontics
# Force Systems
#Biomechanical Considerations : Miniscrews
#Biomechanics For Anterior Retraction
#Biomechanics For Molar Intrusion
#Biomechanics For Molar Distalization
#Biomechanics For Molar Uprighting
#Biomechanics For Molar Protraction
in Orthodontics, Torque is a vital ingredient in the achievement of optimal esthetics, function and health of teeth and surrounding tissues, as also in stability of the treatment results
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Torque in pre adjusted e.w.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
Biomechanics of headgears in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Friction less mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This slide gives an full view of the important bio mechanics of temporary anchorage devices (TADS) this slide includes :
# Bio-mechanical principles of miniscrews in orthodontics
# Force Systems
#Biomechanical Considerations : Miniscrews
#Biomechanics For Anterior Retraction
#Biomechanics For Molar Intrusion
#Biomechanics For Molar Distalization
#Biomechanics For Molar Uprighting
#Biomechanics For Molar Protraction
in Orthodontics, Torque is a vital ingredient in the achievement of optimal esthetics, function and health of teeth and surrounding tissues, as also in stability of the treatment results
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Torque in pre adjusted e.w.a /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
IZC Bone Screw Anchorage for Conservative Treatment of Bimaxillary Crowding i...ALFREDO NOVOA VASQUEZ
UN EXCELENTE ARTICULO DEL DR. CRIS CHANG.
USO DE LOS MINIIMPLANTES INFRAZIGOMÁTICOS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE UNA CLASE II -1 / SUBDIVISION 1 ASIMETRICA CON APIÑAMIENTO BIMAXILAR.
IZC Bone Screw Anchorage for Conservative Treatment of Bimaxillary Crowding in an Asymmetric Class II/I Subdivision 1 Malocclusion
Drs. Chang MJ, Lin JJ, Roberts WE.
Diagnosis and conservative treatment of skeletaldentalid
A man, aged 28 years 9 months, came for an orthodontic consultation for a skeletal Class III malocclusion
(ANB angle, 3) with a modest asymmetric Class II and Class III molar relationship, complicated by an anterior
crossbite, a deepbite, and 12 mm of asymmetric maxillary crowding. Despite the severity of the malocclusion
(Discrepancy Index, 37), the patient desired noninvasive camouflage treatment. The 3-Ring diagnosis showed
that treatment without extractions or orthognathic surgery was a viable approach. Arch length analysis indicated
that differential interproximal enamel reduction could resolve the crowding and midline discrepancy, but a
miniscrew in the infrazygomatic crest was needed to retract the right buccal segment. The patient accepted
the complex, staged treatment plan with the understanding that it would require about 3.5 years. Fixed appliance
treatment with passive self-ligating brackets, early light short elastics, bite turbos, interproximal enamel
reduction, and infrazygomatic crest retraction opened the vertical dimension of the occlusion, improved the
ANB angle by 2, and achieved excellent alignment, as evidenced by a Cast Radiograph Evaluation score of
28 and a Pink and White dental esthetic score of 3. (
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
case report Presented By Dr. MUSTAFA HADDAD from (Angle Orthodontist, Vol ...Mustafa Haddad
Extraction treatment of a Class II division 2 malocclusion with mandibular posterior discrepancy and changes in stomatognathic function Presented By Dr. MUSTAFA HADDAD
MSD , MCU 1st Year , 1st Semester
치아교정을 통해서도 부정교합을 치료하는 동안 각진 턱이 갸름해지면서 사각턱이 개선될 수 있다는 사실의 논문입니다.
치아교정 중에 부가적인 효과로 자연스럽게 사각턱도 개선될 수 있다는 사실을 발견한 청아치과의 홍윤기박사팀이 2014년 미국임상교정학저널(Journal of Clinical Orthodontics)에 발표한 내용입니다.
Treatment of bimaxillary protrusion with lever-arm mechanics and micro-implant anchorage
Fabrication of functional complete dentures for edentulous patients who have undergone hemimandibulectomy is a very arduous and demanding endeavor.
The most challenging situation encountered during this procedure is the deviation of the mandible to the resected side. The deviation of the mandible to the resected side is directly proportional to the loss of tissues in the area hemi-mandibulectomy has been performed.
In cases with Cantor and Curtis classes II, III, IV, and V, guide flange prosthesis would be a treatment modality. For guide flange prosthesis to be effective, the sufficient number of posterior teeth that are periodontally sound should be present in the opposite arch.
In patients where reconstruction is not done after resection of the mandible, scar tissue formation occurs over a period of time that stiffens the tissues and worsens prosthetic rehabilitation, leading to compromised treatment planning.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Surat @ℂall @Girls ꧁❤8527049040❤꧂@ℂall @Girls Service Vip Top Model Safe
Chromosome Arch JC
1. DEPARTMENT OF ORTHODONTICS AND
DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPAEDICS.
JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION.
Chromosome Arch: A Non-invasive Anchorage
Device
Amarnath B.C. , Roopak Mathw David , Shiva Prasad
Gaonkar Sanjay Abraham , Garima Chitkara
Presented by: Guided by:
Dr. Deeksha Bhanotia Dr. Mridula Trehan
M.D.S. First year. Professor & Head
NIMS Dental College and Hospital Department of Orthodontics
and Dentofacial Orthopaedics
1
2. Contents:
1. Introduction.
2. Steps in Fabrication
3. Case Report 1: En-Masse Retraction using
Chromosome Arch for Anchorage Reinforcement.
4. Case Report 2: En- Masse Retraction using
Transpalatal Arch for Anchorage Reinforcement.
5. Discussion.
6. Versatility and Advantages of chromosome arch.
7. Discussion.
8. Conclusion.
2
3. Introduction
Anchorage is defined as the resistance to unwanted
tooth movement . Control of anchorage is one of the most
important aspects of orthodontics.
Conventional methods of reinforcing orthodontic
anchorage like Transpalatal arch , Double Transpalatal
arch, Nance button, Intraoral intermaxillary elastics ,
Headgears etc, have certain practical limitations, including
complicated appliance design, produce unwanted
reciprocal effects, and neccessitates exceptional patient
cooperation.
Newer anchorage devices like microimplants
though provide excellent sites of force delivery without
taxing anchorage, have the disadvantages of invasiveness
and is expensive.
3
4. The chromosome arch is a simple, effective and versatile
means of controlling anchorage.
Fabrication of Chromosome Arch:
Chromosome arch was designed by Dr. Esequiel
Eduardo Rodriguez Yanez.
It is made with 0.036” round stainless steel wire in
an “X” manner and it is cemented to first and second
maxillary molars.
In its basic design the chromosome arch has two
distal palatal bends (one on each side) to aid during canine
and anterior segment retraction, diminishing unwanted
tooth movement.
4
5. Steps in Fabrication:
1. Wire bending with the hollow chopped plier in the
middle of the wire.
2. After the bend is done the wire is adapted to the palatal
vault.
5
6. 3. Once adapted to the palatine vault the center of resistance
of the molars is marked and distal bends are made.
4. The distal bends are made and the end of the wire is
adapted to the palatal aspect of the second molars.
6
7. 5. A second wire is bent in the middle and the ends are
adapted to the palatal aspects of upper first molars. These
two wires are placed together and soldered.
6. Soldered chromosome arch on working model.
(chromosome arch can be either bonded or soldered to the
molar bands).
7
8. Case Report 1: En-Masse Retraction using
Chromosome Arch for Anchorage Reinforcement.
A 15-year-old female patient presented with a chief
complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth.
Extraoral finding:
a. increase in lower facial proportion,
b. incisor exposure of 4mm
c. incompetent lips
d. convex profile.
8
9. Intraorally:
a. Angle's Class I molar
b. Class I canine relation
c. Proclined anteriors
d. increased overjet and overbite.
9
10. Cephalometric analysis
Class II skeletal relationship (SNA- 84° SNB- 80°,
and ANB-4°) (prognathic maxilla.).
mandibular plane angle of (MPA=30°).
The upper and lower incisors were proclined with an
acute interincisal angle (92°) .
Soft tissue analysis revealed an acute nasolabial angle
and lip strain.
10
11. DIAGNOSIS:
Angle's class I molar relation on a mild class II
skeletal jaw base with average growth pattern. Class I
canine relation and proclined upper and lower incisors,
with mild crowding in lower anteriors with acute
nasolabial angle and lip strain of 2 mm.
TREATMENT OBJECTIVES:
(1) Maintain Class I molar and canine relationships and
obtain normal overbite and overjet.
(2) Alignment of upper and lower arch.
(3) Correcting the axial inclination of upper and lower
anteriors.
(4) Reduce protrusion of the upper and lower lips and
obtain soft tissue harmony.
11
12. TREATMENT PLAN:
Considering the patient's chief complaint, proclination of
upper and lower incisors, acute nasolabial angle, it was
decided to treat this case with extraction of all the first
premolars with maximum anchorage and utilize this space
for retraction of proclined incisors.
12
13. Considering all the above mentioned, the
treatment plan was formulated as follows:
1. General dental care
2. Extraction therapy: Relieve crowding in lower anteriors.
Upper and lower anterior teeth retraction to relieve lip strain
and correct axial inclination of the anteriors.
3. Anchorage plan: Anchorage was reinforced in the upper
arch using chromosome arch including first and second
molars on both sides. Lingual arch was used in the lower
arch.
13
14. 4. Appliance plan: MBT 0.022” slot PEA.
5. Decrowding and Anterior retraction
6. Finishing & detailing
7. Retention plan: Fixed retainers in lower arch and
removable retainer in the upper arch.
Treatment duration was two years and four months.
14
16. TREATMENT RESULTS :
Class I canine and molar relationship were maintained and
normal overbite and overjet was established, with good
interdigitation of the posterior teeth.
No loss of anchorage in upper and lower arch in
sagittal plane .
There is no change in the facial axis angle.
There is retraction of both upper and lower anteriors
with no extrusion of upper and lower molars.
16
18. Case Report 2: En- Masse Retraction using Transpalatal
Arch for Anchorage Reinforcement.
A 19-year-old female patient presented with a chief
complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth.
Extraoral findings
increase in lower facial proportion,
incisor exposure of 4mm,
incompetent lips,
convex profile.
Intraorally
Angle's Class I molar and class I canine relation with
proclined anteriors.
18
19. The cephalometric analysis
Class I skeletal relationship (SNA- 82.50, SNB- 79, and
ANB-2.50)
average mandibular plane angle of (MPA=34°).
The upper and lower incisors were proclined with an
acute interincisal angle (106°).
Soft tissue analysis revealed an acute nasolabial angle
and lip strain.
DIAGNOSIS:
Angle's class I molar relation on a class I skeletal jaw
base with average growth pattern with class I canine
relation and proclined upper and lower incisors with acute
nasolabial angle and lip strain of 4 mm.
19
21. TREATMENT OBJECTIVES:
(1) Maintain Class I molar and canine relationships and
obtain normal overbite and overjet.
(2) Alignment of upper and lower arch.
(3) Correcting the axial inclination of upper and lower
anteriors.
(4) Reduce protrusion of the upper and lower lips and
obtain soft tissue harmony.
TREATMENT PLAN:
Considering the patient's chief complaint, proclination
of upper and lower incisors, acute nasolabial angle, it was
decided to treat this case with extraction of all the first
premolars with maximum anchorage and utilize this space
for retraction of proclined incisors.
21
22. Considering all the above mentioned, the treatment
plan was formulated as follows:
1. General dental care
2. Extraction therapy: Upper and lower anterior teeth
retraction to relieve lip strain and correct axial inclination of
the anteriors.
3. Anchorage plan: Anchorage was reinforced in the upper
arch using transpalatal arch. Lingual arch was used in the
lower arch.
22
23. 4. Appliance plan: MBT 0.022” slot PEA.
5. Anterior retraction
6. Finishing & detailing
7. Retention plan: Fixed retainers in lower arch and
removable retainer in the upper arch.
Treatment duration was three years
23
25. TREATMENT RESULTS ACHIEVED:
Class I canine and molar relationship were maintained and
normal overbite and overjet was established, with good
interdigitation of the posterior teeth.
The superimposition shows
a. Loss of anchorage in upper and lower arch by 2 mm
mesial movement of upper and lower molars.
b. There is no change in the facial axis angle.
c.There is retraction of both upper anteriors with 2 mm
extrusion of upper molars.
25
27. DISCUSSION:
The superimposition using chromosome arch as an
anchorage device showed, no loss of anchorage in upper
arch in sagittal and vertical plane with retraction of upper
anteriors.
The superimposition using transpalatal arch as an
anchorage device showed 2 mm of extrusion
2 mm of mesial movement of
upper molars, suggestive of anchor loss along with
retraction of upper anteriors.
Sliding mechanics with chromosome arch provided
better control in sagittal and vertical plane compared to
transpalatal arch and may provide absolute anchorage and
could control mandibular rotation.
27
29. Versatility and Advantages of chromosome
arch:
1. Excellent maximum anchorage appliance that includes
a greater number of teeth to the anchorage unit.
2. This device can be used along with other auxiliaries for
affecting multiple tooth movements without taxing the
anchorage.
3. Provides problem based design for force application.
4. The retraction movement is done in a more bodily
fashion, with no undesired rotations and less time.
29
30. 5. Any four teeth can be used for anchorage, provides
greater control in all three plane
6. It is a non invasive, inexpensive device which is easy to
fabricate.
7. The chromosome arch can be soldered to the molar
bands or directly bonded to the molars.
8. Multiple tooth movement, like individual canine
retraction, disimpaction, decrowding, cross bite
correction can be carried out during initial stages of
treatment itself.
30
31. CONCLUSION:
The maxillary anterior teeth were retracted without any
loss of anchorage in sagittal plane in case 1 with the aid of
chromosome arch and 2mm anchor loss is seen in case 2
using transpalatal arch as an anchorage device. In vertical
plane in case 1 using chromosome arch, no extrusion of
molars was seen while using transpalatal arch as an
anchorage device there was an extrusion of upper molars
by 2mm.
Thus the chromosome arch provides an anchorage
control better than conventional transpalatal arch.
Chromosome arch is an effective, non invasive anchorage
device for reinforcing anchorage with PEA. It provides
excellent anchorage control in sagittal and vertical planes.
31
32. RELATED ARTICLES.
Two-Couple Orthodontic Appliance Systems: Transpalatal
Arches.
Joe Rebellato
The transpalatal arch (TPA) can be activated to deliver a
clinically useful array of forces and couples to move and/or
rotate maxillary molars in all three planes of space. Changing the
palatal arch form can produce expansion or constriction of
intermolar width and activation of the inserts of the TPA will
produce couples at the molar sheaths. Activations of the inserts to
generate couples is possible in all three planes of space in the
form of symmetrical V-bends, asymmetrical V-bends, and step
bends. Although the associated equilibrium forces of a couple can
be the source of clinical surprises, they can also be harnessed to
produce favorable tooth movements.
32
33. Butterfly Arch: A Device for Precise Controlling of the
Upper Molars in Three Planes of Space.
Alireza Nikkerdar.
Abstract:
Intra-oral appliances such as transpalatal arch and Nance
appliance fail to resist against forces that tend to loosen the
anchorage. The infirmity arises due to the long lever arm and the
mesial force that is perpendicular to the long axis of the appliance.
The butterfly arch is presented here as an intra-oral appliance that
withstands the mesially directed forces with a mechanism that
puts strain on a stiff wire along its long axis. The unique shape of
the butterfly arch is advantageous in maximum anchorage cases,
cases in which arch width preservation is critical and cases with a
vertical growth pattern. With the aid of the butterfly arch, clinical
concerns such as patient cooperation, wearing extra-oral
appliances, complicated mechanics in extraction cases and control
of the arch length, arch width and vertical dimension would be
greatly diminished. 33