6. CASES
CARRIERS
I. PRECLINICAL OR INCUBATORY CARRIER
II. CONVALLSCENT CARRIER
III. HEALTHY CARRIER
IV. CHRONIC CARRIER
CASES AND CARRIERS
7. a) AGENT
b) RESISTANCE
c) TOXIN PRODUCTION
d) RESERVOIR OF INFECTION
e) INFECTIVE MATERIAL
f) INFECTIVE DOSE(ID)
g) PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
DETERMINANTS
AGENT FACTORS
8. a) AGE AND SEX
b) GASTRIC ACIDITY
c) ECONOMIC STATUS
d) IMMUNITY
e) LACK OF HEALTH EDUCATION
f) POOR PERSONAL HYGIENE
HOST FACTORS
12. Stage of
evacuation
• Onset is
abrupt
• Profuse
diarrhea 40
stools in a
day
Stage of
collapse
• Sunken eyes
• Hallow
cheeks
• Subnormal
temparature
Stage of
recovery
• Mild cases
will recover
in 1-3 days
13. Most people remain asymptomatic. The symptoms of
cholera include :
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
profuse, watery
diarrhea
stomach
pains
leg cramps Mild fever
Vomiting Sunken eyes
and cheeks
Dry mucous
membranes
Decreased
urinary output
15. STOOLS FOR D/R &C/S
1-3LITRE OF WATER&1-3g OF SUSPECED
WATER AND FOOD IS COLLECTED FOR
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
DIRECT HEMAGLUTINATION TES
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
16. CONTROL OF CHOLERA
VERIFICATION OF THE DIAGNOSIS
NOTIFICATION
EARLY CASE FINDING
ESTABLISHMENT OF TREATMENT CENTERS
ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY
SANITAION MEASURES
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS
VACCINATION
HEALTH EDUCATION
17. Oral rehydration salts
• Up to 80% of cases can be treated through this.
Intravenous fluids (Ringer lactate)
• For severe cases.
Antimicrobial Therapy
• can diminish duration of diarrhea, reduce volume
of rehydration fluids needed, and shorten duration
of V. cholerae excretion.
TREATMENT