2. DEFINISI
• Chlamydia adalah penyakit menular seksual (STD) yang
disebabkan oleh infeksi Chlamydia trachomatis. (CDC,
2014)
• Hal ini dapat menyebabkan servisitis pada wanita dan
uretritis dan proctitis baik pada pria maupun wanita.
• Infeksi klamidia pada wanita dapat menyebabkan
konsekuensi serius termasuk penyakit radang panggul
(PID), infertilitas faktor tuba, kehamilan ektopik, dan
nyeri panggul kronis. (CDC, 2014)
9. Manifestasi Klinis Pada Laki-laki...
• Masa Inkubasi : 1-3 minggu
• Gejala uretritis => uretra
discharge berlendir atau
berair & disuria.
• Sebagian kecil =>
Berkembang jd epididimitis
(dengan atau tanpa gejala
uretritis)
– nyeri unilateral testis &
swelling.
10. Manifestasi Klinis Pada Perempuan...
• Asimptomatik 80 %
• servisitis => duh mukopurulen
endoserviks, perdarahan
endoserviks yang mudah diinduksi
• kadang uretritis (mis: piuria, disuria,
frekuensi)
• menyebar ke rahim, saluran tuba =>
– penyakit radang panggul (PID) ;
• "subklinis PID“ / asimptomatik
• Akut => nyeri perut bawah, nyeri
panggul, nyeri gerak serviks & rahim /
nyeri adneksa pada pemeriksaan
11. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
2014. Chlamydia-CDC Fact.
http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia-
detailed.htm (Diakses 9 Desember
2014)
• Kelley Struble. 2014. Chlamydial Genitourinary
Infections. Madscape.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214823-
overview#a0104 (diakses 9 Desember 2014)
12. • Darville, Toni., Hiltke, Thomas. 2010.
Pathogenesis of Genital Tract Disease Due to
Chlamydia trachomatis. Oxford Journals.
http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/201/Sup
plement_2/S114.full (Diakses 9 Desember
2014)
Editor's Notes
Proctitis : peradangan pada rectum dan anus
Infection of nonimmune host epithelial cells and resident tissue innate immune cells with chlamydiae results in production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that lead to recruitment and activation of first innate and, later, adaptive immune cells to effect resolution of infection; subsets of these responses induce collateral genital tract tissue damage. A, Infection of reproductive tract epithelium results in production of interleuken (IL)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-8, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-6, which induce increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules that aid in the attraction of immune cells. Resident tissue macrophages also contribute to early release of cytokines and chemokines. Infected epithelial cells release matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) that contribute to tissue proteolysis and remodeling. B, Neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes are rapidly recruited into the infected tissue site. Neutrophil release of MMPs and elastase contribute to tissue damage. C, NK cell production of interferon (IFN)-γ drives CD4 T cells toward the Th1 (IFN-γ-producing) phenotype, and a mixture of CD4, CD8, B cells, and plasma cells (PCs) infiltrate the infected tissue. Antibodies released from PCs inactivate extracellular elementary bodies (EBs), and T cell production of IFN-γ inhibits intracellular chlamydial replication. Th17 cell involvement has not yet been determined. D, After infection has resolved, inflammation abates, but chronic scarring may be the end result.