The document is a joint declaration between Russia and China from 1997 outlining their vision for a new multipolar world order. Some key points include:
- Russia and China want to promote a multipolar world without domination by any single country and establish a new just international order.
- They believe the UN should play an important role and its effectiveness should be improved.
- The declaration expresses concerns about expanding military alliances and calls for peaceful resolution of disputes.
- Russia and China see their growing strategic partnership as contributing to peace and stability.
Transformation of the Modern International Conflictsijtsrd
This article analysis the modern processes in international conflict resolution and transformation processes of solving inter state and intra state conflicts. Besides, Author gives own ideas on modern trends in international relations and conflict resolution which were researched on concrete cases and overall situation in modern world politics in XXI century. Bakhadirov Murat "Transformation of the Modern International Conflicts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38183.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38183/transformation-of-the-modern-international-conflicts/bakhadirov-murat
Theses on Russia’s Foreign Policy and Global Positioning (2017–2024)Russian Council
5 years ago, in 2012, Postulates on Russia's Foreign Policy (2012-2018) marked the beginning of RIAC’s project work. This report has become RIAC’s trademark for several years, its amendments being used in the updated Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation.
The world is now standing at a road fork, and Russia’s key task is to ensure no era of extremes, to promote comfortable and manageable international environment without limitations, conflicts, and splits.
Addressing the changed international situation, quantitative and qualitative growth of challenges for Russia’s foreign policy RIAC and Center for Strategic Research (CSR) presented Theses on Russia’s Foreign Policy and Global Positioning (2017–2024).
As part of the project, 30 interviews were conducted with RIAC members: prominent diplomats, major international relations experts, media executives and entrepreneurs. As a separate part of the project, a series of case studies were conducted with the participation of experts and RIAC members.
.
The theses were based upon the results of a parallel study conducted by a team of researchers at the Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Text: Ivan Timofeev, RIAC Director of Programs.
Edited by Andrey Kortunov, RIAC Director General and Sergey Utkin, Head of Foreign and Security Policy Department of the Centre for Strategic Research.
Transformation of the Modern International Conflictsijtsrd
This article analysis the modern processes in international conflict resolution and transformation processes of solving inter state and intra state conflicts. Besides, Author gives own ideas on modern trends in international relations and conflict resolution which were researched on concrete cases and overall situation in modern world politics in XXI century. Bakhadirov Murat "Transformation of the Modern International Conflicts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38183.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38183/transformation-of-the-modern-international-conflicts/bakhadirov-murat
Theses on Russia’s Foreign Policy and Global Positioning (2017–2024)Russian Council
5 years ago, in 2012, Postulates on Russia's Foreign Policy (2012-2018) marked the beginning of RIAC’s project work. This report has become RIAC’s trademark for several years, its amendments being used in the updated Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation.
The world is now standing at a road fork, and Russia’s key task is to ensure no era of extremes, to promote comfortable and manageable international environment without limitations, conflicts, and splits.
Addressing the changed international situation, quantitative and qualitative growth of challenges for Russia’s foreign policy RIAC and Center for Strategic Research (CSR) presented Theses on Russia’s Foreign Policy and Global Positioning (2017–2024).
As part of the project, 30 interviews were conducted with RIAC members: prominent diplomats, major international relations experts, media executives and entrepreneurs. As a separate part of the project, a series of case studies were conducted with the participation of experts and RIAC members.
.
The theses were based upon the results of a parallel study conducted by a team of researchers at the Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Text: Ivan Timofeev, RIAC Director of Programs.
Edited by Andrey Kortunov, RIAC Director General and Sergey Utkin, Head of Foreign and Security Policy Department of the Centre for Strategic Research.
70th Anniversary of Russia-India Relations: New Horizons of Privileged Partne...Russian Council
In 2017, Russia and India celebrate the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations. Over the years, the two states have steadily developed mutually beneficial ties. Their cooperation has achieved the level of special and privileged strategic partnership. Regular contacts between the two leaders have become an established practice. On June 1–2, 2017, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi is visiting Russia. On May 30, 2017, President of Russia Vladimir Putin’s article “Russia and India: 70 years together” was published in the Times of India. In the article the Russian President stated that the enormous potential of cooperation between the two great powers will be further explored for the benefit of the peoples of India and Russia and the international community in general.
However, in order to make full use of the collaboration potential, ties between Russia and India should be taken to a qualitatively new level. Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and the Vivekananda International Foundation (VIF) have drafted a joint report in order to open up a new discussion on the prospects of Russia-India relations and the steps required to develop them further. The authors express hope that ideas and recommendations expressed in the paper will provide the necessary expert support for state level contacts and will be helpful in foreign policy decision-making by the two governments.
The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
Comparative Analysis of US China Relations during Trump Administrationijtsrd
This article examines crucial issues in the US Chinese relations during the Trump administration considering the issues like Trade war and geopolitical situation in Asia Pacific region. This research explores the main directions of Sino American relations in the period of presidency of Donald Trump, as well as the recent trends and perspectives on cooperation between the two states. The following conclusions are coming to end First, the U.S. government can continue, in the nearest future, to put pressure on China on issues such as human rights, civil society development, and Internet freedom. This pressure will be reflected in China, especially among educated youth and the growing middle class. The preservation and consolidation of American positions in the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans is forcing Beijing to focus on the resource and transit potential of mainland Eurasia One Belt One Road , highlighting the growing importance of Russia and Central Asia for China’s strategy. Second, the U.S. administration’s attitude toward China remains moderate, despite occasional changes. The tendency for bilateral dialogue and mutually beneficial cooperation prevails. Third, there was unequivocal support from both houses of Congress for the Trump administration’s new tough demands on China. Existing problems between the parties, in particular, China’s close cooperation with Russia, further complicate the situation to the detriment of China. Fourth, the positive development of bilateral relations will contribute to ensuring international political, economic, environmental stability and global security. Fifth, China’s economic development and growing international position are intensifying competition in bilateral relations not only in the Asia Pacific region, but also in the rest of regions of the Globe. Uchkun Dustov "Comparative Analysis of US- China Relations during Trump Administration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38540/comparative-analysis-of-us-china-relations-during-trump-administration/uchkun-dustov
Damage Assessment: EU-Russia relations in crisisRussian Council
A new Special Report edited by Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and European Leadership Network (ELN) assesses the damage to EU-Russia relations after three years of crisis.
Featuring Russian and European experts, the report presents their analysis on fundamental aspects of deteriorating EU-Russia relations, including economic impact, political relations and people-to-people contact. For each of these areas the Russian experts present and assess developments inside their own country, while Western authors describe the situation at the EU level and in selected European Union countries.
Dynamic Stability: US Strategy for a World in Transitionatlanticcouncil
We have entered a new era in world history, a post-post-Cold War era that holds both great promise and great peril for the United States, its allies, and everyone else. We now can call this a "Westphalian-Plus" world, in which nation-states will have to engage on two distinct levels: dealing with other nation-states as before, and dealing with a vast array of important nonstate actors. This era calls for a new approach to national strategy called "dynamic stability."
The authors of this paper—Atlantic Council Vice President and Scowcroft Center Director Barry Pavel and Senior Fellow Peter Engelke, with the help of Assistant Director Alex Ward—kick off the Atlantic Council Strategy Paper series by telling the United States to seek stability while leveraging dynamic trends at the same time. The central task facing America is "to harness change in order to save the system," meaning the preservation of the rules-based international order that has benefited billions around the world, including Americans themselves, since 1945. Within its pages, the paper outlines the components of strategy in a swiftly-changing world.
A Report of the CSIS Russia and Eurasia Program and the Russian International Affairs Council
At a time when tension between the US and Russia is higher than it has been in decades, we cannot forget that the relationship between these two countries is among the most important for global security. On any number of issues, from arms control to the Middle East, failure of the U.S. and Russia to communicate will make things much, much worse, with repercussions that will last for generations and affect the entire world. For this reason, CSIS and RIAC convened some of Russia’s and America’s top experts to think through the future of the bilateral relationship. The result is a series of papers that identify both the spheres where coordination is crucial and those where it may be possible, responding to mutual interests and potentially helping to stabilize the relationship and buffer against conflict in the future. For both, they offer concrete recommendations and a clear-eyed take on what can, and what cannot be done.
The analyses that follow examine prospects for Russia-U.S. cooperation in several crucial regions and fields: economics, energy, the Arctic, Euro-Atlantic security, the Middle East, strategic stability, cybersecurity, and countering terrorism and extremism. They offer actionable recommendations in each area, some of which can, and should be undertaken today, and some of which should be considered by policymakers in Moscow and Washington as they chart a course through dangerous and uncertain times.
The warlike adventures of the bubble gum empireGRAZIA TANTA
The greed of multinationals always finds support in US governments and their propensity for war. Today in Venezuela, yesterday in Syria, Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan...
Internationalization of Russian Universities: The Chinese VectorRussian Council
This Report was prepared by the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) as a part of the project “The Development of Russian—Chinese Relations”, based on research of the practical experience accumulated by several leading Russian universities. The Report contains a number of particular recommendations aimed at reinforcing Russia’s positions in the education market of China and the Asia-Pacific region in general, as well as developing Russia’s innovation potential through the expansion of mutually beneficial scientific and educational cooperation between the two countries.
This working paper unites the articles prepared within the framework of Russian International Affairs Council and «Valdai» discussion forum. The author shares his view on key trends in Russia-NATO and Russia-EU relations after the NATO Summit in Warsaw and new EU Global Strategy being announced. The paper evaluates the causes of crisis in the relations as well as suggests possible measures to solve the issues in the sphere of security.
US-Russia report by the bilateral presidential commissionYelena Kadeykina
U.S.-Russia Presidential
Commission
continues to broaden
and deepen cooperation
between governments
and peoples to advance common
interests. Over the past year, the
Commission’s structure has grown,
with working groups on innovation
and rule of law added to the
now 20 working groups that are
producing practical results. Over
sixty U.S. and Russian government
agencies now support the work of
the Commission and have facilitated
over 400 meetings, exchanges,
exercises, and other joint projects
since the Commission’s start. The
Commission has also served as a
venue for connecting American and Russian citizens across a wide range of professions--from
high technology entrepreneurs to business students, from doctors to nuclear scientists, from
counternarcotics experts to green technology innovators.
On the security front, we have begun implementation of the New START Treaty, restarting
inspection and verification procedures to reinforce the process of agreed reductions in nuclear
weapons and delivery systems; both sides consider implementation to be a success. We also
agreed on important amendments to the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement,
which will allow both sides to dispose of enough weapon-grade plutonium for a total of 17,000
nuclear weapons. Strengthening bilateral military cooperation is a top Commission goal. In
2011, U.S. and Russian armed forces performed joint exercises and carried out more than 50
military-to-military activities, an unprecedented level of engagement. We have shared best
practices on military reform and modernization in areas such as logistics and personnel management.
Cooperation to bring stability and security to Afghanistan reached new levels in terms
of efforts to equip the Afghan National Security Forces and facilitate the transit of personnel
and equipment in support of multinational operations. Our counternarcotics cooperation has
become more systematic as we conduct joint operations to interrupt supply as well as share
strategies to reduce demand. Joint exercises at sea, in the air and on land bolster our counterterrorism
cooperation.
70th Anniversary of Russia-India Relations: New Horizons of Privileged Partne...Russian Council
In 2017, Russia and India celebrate the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations. Over the years, the two states have steadily developed mutually beneficial ties. Their cooperation has achieved the level of special and privileged strategic partnership. Regular contacts between the two leaders have become an established practice. On June 1–2, 2017, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi is visiting Russia. On May 30, 2017, President of Russia Vladimir Putin’s article “Russia and India: 70 years together” was published in the Times of India. In the article the Russian President stated that the enormous potential of cooperation between the two great powers will be further explored for the benefit of the peoples of India and Russia and the international community in general.
However, in order to make full use of the collaboration potential, ties between Russia and India should be taken to a qualitatively new level. Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and the Vivekananda International Foundation (VIF) have drafted a joint report in order to open up a new discussion on the prospects of Russia-India relations and the steps required to develop them further. The authors express hope that ideas and recommendations expressed in the paper will provide the necessary expert support for state level contacts and will be helpful in foreign policy decision-making by the two governments.
The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
Comparative Analysis of US China Relations during Trump Administrationijtsrd
This article examines crucial issues in the US Chinese relations during the Trump administration considering the issues like Trade war and geopolitical situation in Asia Pacific region. This research explores the main directions of Sino American relations in the period of presidency of Donald Trump, as well as the recent trends and perspectives on cooperation between the two states. The following conclusions are coming to end First, the U.S. government can continue, in the nearest future, to put pressure on China on issues such as human rights, civil society development, and Internet freedom. This pressure will be reflected in China, especially among educated youth and the growing middle class. The preservation and consolidation of American positions in the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans is forcing Beijing to focus on the resource and transit potential of mainland Eurasia One Belt One Road , highlighting the growing importance of Russia and Central Asia for China’s strategy. Second, the U.S. administration’s attitude toward China remains moderate, despite occasional changes. The tendency for bilateral dialogue and mutually beneficial cooperation prevails. Third, there was unequivocal support from both houses of Congress for the Trump administration’s new tough demands on China. Existing problems between the parties, in particular, China’s close cooperation with Russia, further complicate the situation to the detriment of China. Fourth, the positive development of bilateral relations will contribute to ensuring international political, economic, environmental stability and global security. Fifth, China’s economic development and growing international position are intensifying competition in bilateral relations not only in the Asia Pacific region, but also in the rest of regions of the Globe. Uchkun Dustov "Comparative Analysis of US- China Relations during Trump Administration" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/38540/comparative-analysis-of-us-china-relations-during-trump-administration/uchkun-dustov
Damage Assessment: EU-Russia relations in crisisRussian Council
A new Special Report edited by Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and European Leadership Network (ELN) assesses the damage to EU-Russia relations after three years of crisis.
Featuring Russian and European experts, the report presents their analysis on fundamental aspects of deteriorating EU-Russia relations, including economic impact, political relations and people-to-people contact. For each of these areas the Russian experts present and assess developments inside their own country, while Western authors describe the situation at the EU level and in selected European Union countries.
Dynamic Stability: US Strategy for a World in Transitionatlanticcouncil
We have entered a new era in world history, a post-post-Cold War era that holds both great promise and great peril for the United States, its allies, and everyone else. We now can call this a "Westphalian-Plus" world, in which nation-states will have to engage on two distinct levels: dealing with other nation-states as before, and dealing with a vast array of important nonstate actors. This era calls for a new approach to national strategy called "dynamic stability."
The authors of this paper—Atlantic Council Vice President and Scowcroft Center Director Barry Pavel and Senior Fellow Peter Engelke, with the help of Assistant Director Alex Ward—kick off the Atlantic Council Strategy Paper series by telling the United States to seek stability while leveraging dynamic trends at the same time. The central task facing America is "to harness change in order to save the system," meaning the preservation of the rules-based international order that has benefited billions around the world, including Americans themselves, since 1945. Within its pages, the paper outlines the components of strategy in a swiftly-changing world.
A Report of the CSIS Russia and Eurasia Program and the Russian International Affairs Council
At a time when tension between the US and Russia is higher than it has been in decades, we cannot forget that the relationship between these two countries is among the most important for global security. On any number of issues, from arms control to the Middle East, failure of the U.S. and Russia to communicate will make things much, much worse, with repercussions that will last for generations and affect the entire world. For this reason, CSIS and RIAC convened some of Russia’s and America’s top experts to think through the future of the bilateral relationship. The result is a series of papers that identify both the spheres where coordination is crucial and those where it may be possible, responding to mutual interests and potentially helping to stabilize the relationship and buffer against conflict in the future. For both, they offer concrete recommendations and a clear-eyed take on what can, and what cannot be done.
The analyses that follow examine prospects for Russia-U.S. cooperation in several crucial regions and fields: economics, energy, the Arctic, Euro-Atlantic security, the Middle East, strategic stability, cybersecurity, and countering terrorism and extremism. They offer actionable recommendations in each area, some of which can, and should be undertaken today, and some of which should be considered by policymakers in Moscow and Washington as they chart a course through dangerous and uncertain times.
The warlike adventures of the bubble gum empireGRAZIA TANTA
The greed of multinationals always finds support in US governments and their propensity for war. Today in Venezuela, yesterday in Syria, Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan...
Internationalization of Russian Universities: The Chinese VectorRussian Council
This Report was prepared by the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) as a part of the project “The Development of Russian—Chinese Relations”, based on research of the practical experience accumulated by several leading Russian universities. The Report contains a number of particular recommendations aimed at reinforcing Russia’s positions in the education market of China and the Asia-Pacific region in general, as well as developing Russia’s innovation potential through the expansion of mutually beneficial scientific and educational cooperation between the two countries.
This working paper unites the articles prepared within the framework of Russian International Affairs Council and «Valdai» discussion forum. The author shares his view on key trends in Russia-NATO and Russia-EU relations after the NATO Summit in Warsaw and new EU Global Strategy being announced. The paper evaluates the causes of crisis in the relations as well as suggests possible measures to solve the issues in the sphere of security.
US-Russia report by the bilateral presidential commissionYelena Kadeykina
U.S.-Russia Presidential
Commission
continues to broaden
and deepen cooperation
between governments
and peoples to advance common
interests. Over the past year, the
Commission’s structure has grown,
with working groups on innovation
and rule of law added to the
now 20 working groups that are
producing practical results. Over
sixty U.S. and Russian government
agencies now support the work of
the Commission and have facilitated
over 400 meetings, exchanges,
exercises, and other joint projects
since the Commission’s start. The
Commission has also served as a
venue for connecting American and Russian citizens across a wide range of professions--from
high technology entrepreneurs to business students, from doctors to nuclear scientists, from
counternarcotics experts to green technology innovators.
On the security front, we have begun implementation of the New START Treaty, restarting
inspection and verification procedures to reinforce the process of agreed reductions in nuclear
weapons and delivery systems; both sides consider implementation to be a success. We also
agreed on important amendments to the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement,
which will allow both sides to dispose of enough weapon-grade plutonium for a total of 17,000
nuclear weapons. Strengthening bilateral military cooperation is a top Commission goal. In
2011, U.S. and Russian armed forces performed joint exercises and carried out more than 50
military-to-military activities, an unprecedented level of engagement. We have shared best
practices on military reform and modernization in areas such as logistics and personnel management.
Cooperation to bring stability and security to Afghanistan reached new levels in terms
of efforts to equip the Afghan National Security Forces and facilitate the transit of personnel
and equipment in support of multinational operations. Our counternarcotics cooperation has
become more systematic as we conduct joint operations to interrupt supply as well as share
strategies to reduce demand. Joint exercises at sea, in the air and on land bolster our counterterrorism
cooperation.
BRICS - Moral Basis and Social Aims of the Better World OrderExopolitics Hungary
BRICS - Moral Basis and Social Aims of the Better World Order. Analysis: http://www.postwesternworld.com/2015/07/09/the-declaration-analysis.
Further BRICS declarations: http://en.brics2015.ru/documents
Collection of every and all BRICS declaration: http://www.brics.utoronto.ca/docs
Managing the Cold Peace between Russia and the West. Fifth Task Force Positio...Russian Council
A group of prominent Members and Supporters of the Pan-European Task Force on Cooperation in Greater Europe, including former foreign and defence ministers and senior officials from Russia, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Poland, Germany, Italy and Finland has joined forces to appeal to the leadership of the countries in the Euro-Atlantic area to halt the downward spiral in West-Russia relations and manage its risks better through developing a more stable and sustainable security relationship.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
GIÁO ÁN DẠY THÊM (KẾ HOẠCH BÀI BUỔI 2) - TIẾNG ANH 8 GLOBAL SUCCESS (2 CỘT) N...
Chinese russian declaration_letter_to_un-peacekeeping_and_sustainable_development-1997-7pgs-pol
1. Friday, November 15, 2002
Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar
World and the Establishment of a New International
(A)MPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE WHOLE
QUESTION OF P ACEICEE?PING OPERATIONS
IN}ALL THEIR ASPECTS
SUV- -INABLE DEVELOPMENT AND
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION
* A/52/50 .
Letter dated 15 May 1997 from the Permanent Representatives
of China and the Russian Federation to the United Nations
addressed to the Secretary-General
We have the honour to transmit herewith the text of the
Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar World and the
Establishment of a New International Order, adopted in Moscow on 23
Ap;
1997 during the State visit of the President of the Chinese
People's Republic to the Russian Federation (see annex) .
We should be grateful if you would have the text of this
letter and its annex circulated as a document of the General
Assembly, under items 20, 64, 71, 81, 88 and 99 of the preliminary
list, and of the Security Council .
(Signed) S . LAVROV
(Signed) WANG Xuexian
Ambassador
Ambassador
Permanent Representative
Acting Permanent Representative
of the Russian Federation
of the People's Republic of
to the United Nations
China to the United Nations
r
http://www .fas .org/news/russia/1997/a52-
153en .htm
Page. 2
2. Friday, November 15, 2002
Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar
World and the Establishment of a New International
Annex
Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar World and the
Establishment of a Nep ?'Mftw 1P;rw^1 Order, adopted in Moscow
on 23 April 1997
The Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China
(hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"), desiring to develop a
partnership based on equality and mutual trust for the purpose of
strategic interaction in the twenty-first century, and considering the
responsibility to the international community, that they bear as
permanent members of the Security Council and also considering their
common approaches to major international issues, declare the
following :
1 . In a spirit of partnership, the Parties shall strive to promote
the multipolarization of the world and the establishment of a new
international order .
The Parties believe that profound changes in international
relations have taken place at the end of the twentieth century . The
cold war is over. The bipolar system has vanished. ; A positive trend
towards a multipolar world is gaining momentum, and relations between
major States, including former cold-war adversaries, are changing .
Regional economic cooperation organizations are showing considerable
vitality . Diversity in the political, economic and cultural
development of all countries is becoming the norm, and the role played
by the forces in favour of peace and broad-based international
coo ration is expanding . A growing number of countries are beginning
http://www.fas.org/news/russia/1997/a52-
153en.htm
Page: 3
3. 'riday, November 15, 2002
Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar
World and the Establishment of a New International
to recognize the need for mutual respect, equality and mutual
advantage - but not for hegemony and power politics - and for dialogue
and cooperation - but not for confrontation and conflict . The
esV lishment of a peaceful, stable, just and rational new
international political and economic order is becoming a pressing need
of the times and an imperative of historical development .
2 . The Parties are in favour of making mutual respect for sovereignty
and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in
each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual advantage, peaceful
clo
t
and other universally recognized principles of
international law the fundamental norm for conducting relations
between States and the basis for a new international order .
Every country has the right independently to choose its path of
development in the light of its own specific conditions and without
interference from other States . Differences in their social systems,
ide .gies and value systems must not become an obstacle to the
development of normal relations between States .
All countries, large or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are
equal members of the international community . No country should seek
hegemony, engage in power politics or monopolize international
affairs .
The Parties believe that the renunciation of discriminatory
policies and practices in economic relations, and the strengthening
and expansion of trade, economic, scientific, technical and
humanitarian exchanges and cooperation on the basis of equality and
mutual advantage will promote their common development and prosperity .
3 .
he Parties are in favour of establishing a new and universally
http://www.fas.org/news/russia/1997/a52-
15 3en .htm
4. Friday, November 15, 200 2
Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar
World and the Establishment of a New International
applicable concept of security . They believe that the cold-war
mentality must be abandoned and they oppose bloc politics .
Differences and disputes between countries must be settled by peaceful
mec , without resorting to the use or threat of force . Dialogue and
consultations must be pursued with a view to promoting mutual
understanding and confidence, and peace and security must be sought
through bilateral and multilateral coordination and cooperation .
The Parties are of the view that the Commonwealth of Independent
States is an important factor in ensuring stability and development in
Eurasia . They stress that the Agreement between the Russian
Federation, the Republic of Kazakstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the
Republic of Tajikistan and the People's Republic of China on
confidence-building in the military field in the border area, as well
as the Agreement on the mutual reduction of their armed forces in the
border area are of great importance and can serve as a model for the
acV vement of regional peace, security and stability in the
post-cold-war era .
The Parties intend to facilitate the disarmament process and
emphasize the importance of signing the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban
treaty and implementing the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons . The Parties express concern at attempts to enlarge and
strengthen military blocs, since this trend can pose a threat to the
security of individual countries and aggravate tension on a regional
and global scale .
4 . The Parties are of the view that the role of the United Nations
and the Security Council must be strengthened, and they highly
appreciate United Nations efforts to maintain world peace and
security . They believe that the United Nations, as the most universal
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r
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5. •iday, November 15, 2002
Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar
World and the Establishment of a New international
and autfiokitative organization of sovereign states, has a place and
role in the world that cannot be supplanted by any other international
organization . The Parties are confident that the United Nations will
plf n important role in the establishment and maintenance of the new
international order .
United Nations peacekeeping efforts should focus on the prevention
Df conflicts or their escalation . Peacekeeping operations can be
conducted only on the basis of a Security Council decision and only
with the consent of the countries concerned, in strict compliance with
the mandate issued by the Security Council and under the Council's
supervision .
Whenever the Security Council, in accordance with the Charter of
:he United Nations, adopts a resolution on the use of sanctions, the
iamage caused by the imposition of such sanctions, as well as damage
:o third countries and neighbouring regions, must be kept to a
a in, lm . The sanctions themselves must be eased and lifted in
:nurse in the light of the implementation of Security Council
-esolutions .
due
The Parties express their readiness to cooperate closely with the
nited Nations and its specialized agencies and to strive to improve
he effectiveness of the United Nations activities . The Parties
ntend to hold regular consultations on matters relating to the work
f the Organization and to coordinate their actions in this area in
he light of prevailing circumstances .
The Parties stress that numerous developing countries and the
)vement of Non-Aligned Countries are an important force that promotes
iltipolarization and the establishment of a new international order .
it~ :~tion among developing countries is gaining momentum . Their
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6. Friday, November 15, 2002 Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar
World and the Establishment of a New International
role in international politics is growing, and their share in the
world eeonosy is increasing . The rise of the developing countries
will provide a powerful impetus for the historical process ofl
est tis4ing a new international order . These countries should take
their rightful place in the future new international order and
participate in international affairs on an e 1 and
non-disci»inatory basis .
6 . The Parties note with satisfaction that the establishment and
development of a Russian-Chinese partnership based on equality and
mutual trust for the purpose of strategic interaction in the
twenty-first century is in keeping with the development of the
international situation and international relations in the
post-cold-war era, fully meets the vital interests of the peoples of
the two countries and is conducive to peace and security in the Asia-
Pacific region and the world as a whole .
As permanent members of the Security Council, the Russian
Federation and China, adhering to the principles of partnership,
good-neighbourliness and friendship, equality and trust and mutually
advantageous cooperation, and in strictly abiding by the principles of
international law, are forging a new type of long-term inter-State
relations that are not directed against third countries . This
provides important practical experience for the establishment of a new
international order .
The Parties intend to make active use of and strengthen the
existing system of summit meetings and high-level contacts . Their
heads of State, heads of Government and Ministers for Foreign Affairs
meet regularly to exchange views on bilateral relations and major
international issues .
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7. Friday, November 15, 2002 Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar
World and the Establishment of a New International
Guided by a sense of their historical responsibility for world
posse and development and for the future of mankind, the Parties are
st7 jthening coordination and cooperation in international affairs .
The two countries are making efforts to ensure friendly coexistence
and cooperation on an equal footing with all other States and are
making their due contribution to the strengthening of world peace and
the common progress of mankind .
7 . Mankind is on the threshold of a new era . The peoples of all
countries are faced with the increasingly urgent question of the kind
of international order they will live under in the next century . The
Parties call on all countries to engage in an active dialogue on the
establishment of a peaceful, stable, just and rational new
international order, and they are prepared to take part in a joint
discussion of any constructive proposals to this end .
FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION:
FOR THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA :
(Signed) B . YELTSIN
(Signed) JIANG Zemin
This document has been posted online by the United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) . Reproduction and dissemination of the
document - in electronic and/or printed format - is encouraged, provided
acknowledgement is made of the role of the United Nations in making it
available .
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