The Chinese AAT Project aims to develop a Chinese version of the Art & Architecture Thesaurus through establishing terminology equivalences and translation. A feasibility study was conducted through a visit to the Getty Research Institute to discuss collaboration. Task forces have been set up to perform equivalence mapping, translation, and develop a bilingual thesaurus system with input from interdisciplinary experts in Taiwan.

1. Chinese AAT Project
progress updated
Sophy Shu-Jiun Chen
Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program
2009.02.20
Workshop on AAT in Chinese

2. Chinese AAT Project
Objectives
• Identifying different levels of terminology
equivalence and adding new terms into
AAT
• Establish a workable methodology of
multilingual thesaurus for TELDAP
• Fundamental research on multilingual
information retrieval of digital libraries

3. Feasibility Study and Visiting
Getty Research Institute
• A week-long (12-20 July, 2008) visit to
the Getty Research Institute for a series
of working meetings and presentations
organized by the Getty Vocabulary
Program.
• Discussion includes: focuses, scope,
methodology, agenda of the
collaboration project and also its
technical and licensing issues

4. Feasibility Study and Visiting
Getty Research Institute
• The parties reached an agreement in principle
on the following:
– the Getty Research Institute and the Taiwan e-
Learning and Digital Archives Program agree to
pursue future collaborative projects, including the
development of a Chinese version of the Art &
Architecture Thesaurus (AAT);
– the Getty Research Institute agreed to provide the
latest version of the AAT data to the Taiwan e-
Learning and Digital Archives Program for preliminary
testing; and
– the Getty Research Institute agrees to have the
Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program
translate several GRI publications relating to
standards for digital libraries, including Introduction to
Metadata, Introduction to Imaging, and Introduction to

5. Chinese AAT Project
August 2008~February 2009
• An Inter-division Project
– Program Office
– Taiwan Digital Archives Expansion Project (1st Division)
– Research and Development for Digital Archives and e-Learning
Technologies Project (2nd Division)
– Core Platforms for Digital Contents Project (3rd Division)
– International Collaboration and Promotion of Taiwan e-Learning
and Digital Archives Project (8th Division)
• Interdisciplinary scholars and experts
– Library Science, Museum Studies
– Information Science (Chinese Language Processing, Lexical
Semantics, Lexical Knowledge Representation)
– Art History
– Translation studies
– more to come…

6. Chinese AAT Project
August 2008~February 2009
• Setup Task Forces
– Equivalence Mapping Task Force
• more than 60 terms have been identified
• Shueh-hua Chen & Sophy Shu-jiun, “Analysis of Multilingual
Equivalence Mapping for Knowledge Organization Systems”,
February 24 2009.
– Translation Task Force
• more than 3000 terms has been translated into Chinese language
• Ching-Ju Cheng & Sophy Shu-jiun Chen, “AAT Translation
Assessment Process”
– Thesaurus System Task Force
• authoring Tool of AAT
• more than 570 terms in Chinese AAT System
• Arthur Ya-ning Chen & Feng-chien Chung, “The collaboration in
establishing Chinese AAT system for bilingual thesaurus services”
• Shih Lin, “Authoring Tool of AAT with DADT”

7. Equivalence Mapping
Task Force
• Identify degrees of equivalence
• Identify similarity of conceptual structure
• Select 60 controlled vocabularies from
NPM (Department of Antiquities) -
Metadata Specification for AAT
equivalence mapping purpose, all facets
included, except for Associated Concepts
facet.

8. Example of Selected Terms
Selected terms of TELDAP AAT FACET and Hierarchy
¥þ¾¹§Î¨î¡Ð´Óª« ½- G¦ ¸¬Äª PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES FACET
§Î Attributed and Properties
¥þ¾¹§Î¨î¡Ð´X¦ó - ± ¤T¨¤§Î Hierarchy
§½³¡ Ψî ÐÀV ªøÀV
¯¾¹¢¡Ð´X¦ó p¯¾¡Ð ¶³¹p¯¾ PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES FACET
¯¾¹¢¡Ð´X¦ó ÂIª¬¯¾¡Ð ¨Å¤B¯¾ Design Elements Hierarchy
motifs
½`¨t¡Ð ©ú¥N©x½`¨t STYLES AND PERIODS FACET
½`¨t¡Ð ´º¼wÂí½`¨t Styles and Periods Hierarchy
½`¨t¡Ð ©w½`¨t <Chinese ceramics styles>
¦Ò¥j¾Ç¤å Æ¡Ð ¥õ»à¤å Æ STYLES AND PERIODS FACET
¦Ò¥j¾Ç¤å Æ¡Ð ¨}²Z¤å Æ Styles and Periods Hierarchy
<Chinese Neolithic periods>
¯¾¹¢¡Ð¤Hª«¡Ð®c§Ê¤Hª«¡Ð ¦Z m AGENTS FACET
¯¾¹¢¡Ð¤Hª«¡Ð¦ò¹D¤Hª«¡Ð À±°Ç¦ò People Hierarchy
religious (people)

9. Methodology
Data Collection
• Three types of data collection
– Mapping analysis logs from participants &
myself (60 terms, 143 logs)
– Mapping analysis workshops (5 workshops)
– Email communications with maintainers of the
term schemes

10. Data Collection
Recruiting Participants
¹ê§@ TELDAP©ÒÄÝ-pµe ¹êÅçªÌ¾Ç¬ì-I´º ¹ê§@ TELDAPpeu -ÝÄÒ© µ ¤öÃÛ¬]¡ Iº´
-ì¬Ç¾ÌªçÅê¹
ªÌ¥N ¡]¬ÛÃö¤u§@¥ô°È¡^ ªÌ¥N §@¥ô°È¡^
½X ½X
A -pµe¿ì¤½«Ç ¾ú¥vÇ ¡B³Õª«À]
¾Ç C Ppe
»ÃÂå¨ì¦Æ¼ -µ±ô¾ß²Ç ì¦Æ¼ µ ¦a²z¾Ç¡B ¼Æ¦ì¥Xª©
B ©Ý®i»OÆW¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃ-p ¬ü³N¾Ç¡B ÃÀ³N¾Ç D peÇ«½¤ì¿
- µ ¾ú¥vÇ¡B ³Õª«À]¾Ç
µe E iOpe
®Ý© » -ÃÂå¨ì¦Æ¼W µ ¤å¡B ×½z²Ç¾å¤
F iOpe
®Ý© » -ÃÂå¨ì¦Æ¼W µ TǾ
°ê¸Ñ®Ï¹
G NoPpeá«Ð¡
³Þ§ì¦Æ¼ µã¬ » -X¦ã¾ µ BǾ]À«ªÕ³
¡Ç¾v¥ú
cP¤¶Î¹¥³À
º[¬Æ®ê¸]³ »
A total of 12 people,
H NoPpeá«Ð¡
³Þ§ì¦Æ¼ µã¬ » -X¦ã¾ µ ¸ê°TºÞ²z
including 11 participants cP¤¶Î¹¥³À
º[¬Æ®ê¸]³ »
from related Divisions of I peÇ«½¤ì¿
- µ ¹q¼v¾Ç¡B ¹q¼v»s§@
J Pi[º
»ÃÂå¨ì¦Æ¼ ®À±~¥ü §¤ß²Ç¾ TǾ
°ê¸Ñ®Ï¹
TELDAP, contribute pePº¤
-@§X¦Ú»ê° µ »ý¿Ø¥ÃÂå¨Ð¡
ehype
® ¦ » -Ƥ µ
in the data collection
K Pi[º
»ÃÂå¨ì¦Æ¼ ®À±~¥ü §¤ß²Ç¾ TǾ
°ê¸Ñ®Ï¹
process pePº¤
-@§X¦Ú»ê° µ »ý¿Ø¥ÃÂå¨Ð¡
ehype
® ¦ » -Ƥ µ
L peÇ«½¤ì¿
- µ TǾ
°ê¸Ñ®Ï¹

11. Data Collection
Participants Orientation
-º¥ý¬ã¨sªÌ¥ýÁ|¦æ²Ä¤@ ¸ u§@ {¡A¥Øªº¬O¬°©Ò¦³¹êÅçªÌ¶i¦æ¹ê§@«e
ªº½Òµ{°V m¡A¥HÅý¨ä¤F¸Ñ¦p¦ó¶i¦æ ¹¶µ ê§@¥ô°È¡C½Ò { V mªº¤ ®e
¥]¬A¡G
¡· AAT¬[ºc
¡· TELDAP±¨îµü·J
¡· TELDAPÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý
¡· TELDAP¡Ð AATµü·Jµ¥¦PÃö«Y¹ê§@¤Î½d¨Ò
The first session of the workshop serves as orientation training
to help participants familiarized with the task at hand.
¡· The infrastructure of AAT
¡· Controlled vocabularies of TELDAP
¡· Union Catalog of Digital Archives, Taiwan
¡· TELDAP¡Ð AAT equivalence mapping analysis

12. Data Collection Logs
Mapping Analysis
¹êÅçªÌ³Q-n¨D¬°¨C-Ó¹ê§@ªºµü·J O¸ü¤@¥÷¹ê§ °O¿ý¡A¤º®e¥]¬A¡G
¡· µü·J§¹¦¨«©w¥ô°Èªº®É¶¡ø×
¡· µü·J¦b TELDAPÁp¦X¥Ø¿ýµ§¼Æ¤ÎÀÃþ
¡· µü·J¦b TELDAPÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý²{ªºÄæì
¡· µü·Jªº-^Ķ¤Î°Ñ¦Ò® ¥Ø
¡· µü·J¦b AATªº¼h-±
¡· µ¥¦PÃö«Yµü·J¹ï·Ó
¡· µü·J¹ê§@ªº¨BÆJ»P¹ï·Ó¤ÀªR¾úµ{
Participants are required to document details of equivalence
mapping procedures , including¡G
¡· Duration to completing the task
¡· Search results and classification in Union Catalog
¡· English translation and references
¡· The hierarchical position of the term in AAT
¡· Equivalence mapping
¡· Mapping analysis logs

13. Types of Possible Matches
1-1 Exact Equivalence
1-2 Exact Equivalence (Cross Ref.)
2-1 Inexact Equivalence
3-1 Partial Equivalence
(genus-species relationship…Superordination)
3-2 Partial Equivalence
(species-genus relationship…Subordination)
4-1 Single-to-multiple Equivalence
5-1 Non-equivalence (culture-dependent)
5-2 Non-equivalence (beyond scope)

14. An Example of Mapping Analysis Log
µü·J 1¡D³z©ú¹V ¹ê§@ªÌ ¡G C
¹ê§@¤é´Á 2009/01/06 §¹¦¨«ü©wµü·J®É¶¡ªø«× 2hrs
Date Duration
I¡Dµü·J¨Ó½ ¡u¬G®c¾¹ª«¼Æ¦ì¨åÂäl-pµe«á³]¸ê®Æ»Ý¨D³W®æ Ñ version 1.2¡v-¶ 19‐20¡A¡uÃþ§O¡Ð
Source 釉色-單色釉」
II¡Dµü·J¡u³z©ú¹V¡v¦bÁpX¥Ø¿ýµ§¼Æ /¤ÀÃþ
1¡D¡u ³z©ú¹V v@¦A¡
¡ 127µ§²Å¦X¸ê®Æ¡A¥{©ó metadata¤¤ªº¡u´y-z¡vÄæ¦ì¡A¨£©ó¥v³ÕÀ] &¬G®cÂë~
III¡Dµü·J¡u³z©ú¹V¡v¦bÁpX¥Ø¿ý²{ªºÄæì
1¡Du³z©ú¹V¡v : ·s»D (1) / ¼v-µ (1) / ¾¹ª« (126)
IV¡Dµü·J¡u³z©ú¹V¡vªº-^Ķ¤Î°Ñ¦Ò®¥Ø : clear glaze
1¡D [clear glaze ; transparent glaze]¡A¡m³z©ú¹V¡B¨Å¿µL¥·§ ½×¡n¡A«À¤¯¼e°Æ¬ã¨s-û¡A°ê¥ß xÆW
¤uÃÀ¬ã¨s©Ò Åaºq§Þ³N»²¾É¤ ß¡A http://www2.ntcri.gov.tw/cb/cb01/upload/upfile/TF0017.pdf
2¡D [transparent glaze]¡A¡m ¾G©M¤U¦è¬v»P«Cªá ¡n¡A q¬ö©À¾G M¤U¦è v¤»¦Ê¶g¦~°ê»Ú¾Ç³N¬ã Q·|¡r¡]
2005.7.4-6, «n¨Ê¡^A«e¥xÆWºî¦X¬ã¨s°|©ÒªøÀs§ø-Ù
V¡Dµü·J¡u³z©ú¹V¡v¦b AATªº¼h-±¡B¯Å»Pµ¥¦PÃö«Yµü·J¡G §¹¥þµ¦PÃö«Y Exact Equivalence
AAT TELDAP
clear
glaze ³z©ú¹V

15. Data Collection Workshops
Mapping Analysis
All participants have attended 5 workshops
to discuss each mapping analysis
¡· Confirmation/rejection of equivalence mapping types
¡· Related issues
¡· Problems encountered in mapping terminologies

16. Data Analysis
¦b½d³ò¤W¡A¥»¬ã¨sªº¤À R¤u§@¥i¤À¨â-Ó³¡
¡· ²Ä¤@³¡À¥Øªº¬O-nÃѧO TELDAP»P AATµü·J¤§¶¡ªºµ¥¦PÃö«Y¤§
¤Ç°tÃþ«¬¡C¥D-n¤u§@¥]¬A¡G
- ½T»{ TELDAP-^Ķµü·J
- §PÂ_»P½T»{¦¹µü·J¦b AAT¥i¯àªºµ¥¦P·§©À¤µüJ
(concept-based)
- ½á¤©µ¥¦PÃö«Yªº¤Ç°tÃþ«¬
¡· ²Ä¤G³¡¤ÀA¬OÆ[¹î»P§PÂ_¤G-Ó¨·½µüJ¦b TELDAP»P AAT
·§©Àµ²ºcªº²§¦P©Ê¡C
The data analysis can be divided into two parts
¡· Part 1, identify types of possible matches of terms between
TELDAP and AAT, which includes¡G
- Confirm English translation of the term in TELDAP
- Identify types of possible matches (concept-based)
- Confirm types of equivalence matches
¡· Part 2, identification of similar types of
conceptual structures between TELDAP and AAT

17. Preliminary Findings
Frequencies of equivalence mapping
types
• Exact Equivalence (35 terms, 58%) has
the highest match ratio
• followed by Partial Equivalence (18 terms,
30%) , Non-equivalence (6 terms, 10%),
Inexact equivalence (1 term, 2%)

18. Preliminary Findings
Range of Equivalence
Match Definition Sample
Type code
TELDAP’s AAT’s
examples examples
1-1 Exact Equivalence ¥õ»à¤åÆ Yangshao
1-2 Exact Equivalence (cross Õtµ· filigree
ref.) enameling
2-1 Inexact Equivalence ¨èªá bright cutting
3-2 Partial Equivalence (species- ¨Å¤B¯¾ dots
genus relationship
…Subordination)
5-1 Non-equivalence (culture- -ð¤T±m X
dependent)
5-3 Non-equivalence (beyond À±°Ç¦ò X

19. From Equivalence Mapping
to Translation: Exact Equivalence
Exact Equivalence ♦ Translate AAT’s scope note of the descriptor
Identify Types of
♦ Add required fields in CAAT (eg. additional
Inexact Equivalence
Equivalence
note if necessary, sources, variant terms,
Mapping Partial Equivalence
sources for the terms, transliterated Chinese
Non-Equivalence
term, etc.)
♦ Add link to AAT ID
Summit the translation term
to the AAT editor
With matched Chinese term
♦ Transliterated Chinese term

20. ¹¾¡²³ (chi.)= Ceramics (Eng.)
Mapping Type example
TELDAP terms AAT terms
Exact ³ ²¡¾¹ (<Ãþ§O ) ceramics (objects)
Equivalence (<object genres by
material>, <object
genres (Guide Term)>,
Object Genres
(Hierarchy Name))
ID: 300151343
§@ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡] 1736 A.D.-1795 A.D.¡^¡C
[²M °®¶© ¬Á¼þ-LµW·ã±m¹Ï®×ªá¥c»ó·Ï³ý ]¡C
¡m¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n¡C
http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=835194

21. AAT Browsing

22. CAAT-Management System

23. Ceramics in CAAT

24. Ceramics in CAAT

25. Translation (English to Chinese)
Cataloging ceramics

26. CAAT

27. CAAT- Required Element

31. From Equivalence Mapping
to Translation: Partial Equivalence
Identify Types of Exact Equivalence ♦ Mapping to a broader or narrower terms
Equivalence Inexact Equivalence
♦ Decide if this “specific term” represents an
Mapping
Partial Equivalence
important concept?
Non-Equivalence
♦ If yes, then need to contribute a new term to
AAT
♦ Follow Getty’s and TELDAP’s editorial
Summit the new guidelines
candidate term to ♦ Create a record with required fields
AAT ♦ Translate the record into English

32. (cloud-and-thunder pattern) < Chinese frets
Mapping Type Example
TELDAP’s term AAT’s term
Partial ¶³¹p¯¾ (¡Õ ¹p¯¾ <´ X ¦ ó Chinese frets
Equivalence ¡Õ¯¾¹¢ ) (frets (patterns),
(species-genus geometric patterns, ...
relationship Design Elements)
…Subordination)
ID: 300010162
§@ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡]«C»É®¥N¡^C [¿òª«¡G¥Õ³¨§ ]¡C
¡m¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n¡C
http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=1844607
¡] 2009/02/20ÂsÄý¡^C

33. @ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡] ²M¡^ §@ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡] 1146 A.D.-¡^¡C [«n§º ²Ð¿³¨§ ]¡C
G ÀJº£®ç§Î½L ] ¡m¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n
p¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n
] 1199 B.C.-900 B.C.¡^
¹_³s¶³¹p¯¾í ]¡C 1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.¡^

34. Cloud-and-Thunder Pattern
¾¯p¹³¶
CHINESE
Parent ID: C300010162
Record Type:·§©À
¶³¹p¯¾ ]¡¦ê°¤
¡ ¦^¯¾ , ¦^¯¾¹¢ (¹Ï®× )¡A …³]-p-ì¯À¡^
½d³òµù¡G °ò¥»¯S©º¬O¥H³sÄòªº¡u¦^¡v¦r§Î½u±ø ©Òºc¦¨¡C¦³ªº§@¶ê Î sÄòºc
¹Ï¡A³æºÙ¬°¡u¶³¯¾¡v¡F¦³ªº§@¤è Î sÄòºc¹Ï ¡A³æºÙ¬°¡u¹p¯¾¡v¡C¶³¹p¯¾±`§@
¬°«C»É¾¹¤W¯¾¹¢ªº¦a¯¾¡A¥Î H¯M¦«¥DÃD¯¾¹¢¡C ¤]¦³ æ¿W¥X²{¦b¾¹ª«ÀV³¡©Î¨¬
ªº¡C
µü·J¡G
¶³¹p¯¾ (preferred,C,D,U,ÁcÅé¤å -P)
¤ª¹p 纹 (²Åé¤å )
cloud-and-thunder pattern (preferred,C,D,U,American English-P)
yun lei wen (cloud-and-thunder pattern )(C,UF,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu
Pinyin)-P)
yun lei wen (cloud-and-thunder pattern ) (C,UF,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-
Giles))
Facet/Hierarchy Code:
§@ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡] 1351 A.D.-1700 A.D.¡^¡C [©ú¦Ü²Mªì ¿ùª÷»È¶³¯¾Äë´L ]¡C¡m¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n¡C

35. Sources and Contributors:
¶³¹p¯¾ (cloud-and-thunder pattern)............ [TELDAP]
............................ ¬G®c«á³]¸ê®Æ»Ý¨D³W®æ Ñ¡] 2004¡^ 22
............................ ¤ °ê uÃÀ¬ü³NÃã¨å¡] 1995¡^ 338
¤ª¹p 纹 (cloud-and thunder pattern)............ [TELDAP]
............................ ¤j d¶Ç²Î¹Ï®×ºô¡] 2000 - 2006¡^
accessed 21 January 2009
cloud-and-thunder pattern............ [TELDAP]
............................ ¬G®cÂù»yµü·J (last update 2009-02-18¡^
accessed 21 January 2009
yun lei wen (cloud-and-thunder pattern)............ [TELDAP]
............................ º~»y«÷-µ
yun lei wen (cloud-and-thunder pattern)............ [TELDAP]
............................
§@ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡]«C»É®¥N¡^C [¿òª«¡G¥Õ³¨§ ]¡C
¡m¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n¡C
http://catalog.ndap.org.tw/?URN=1844607
¡] 2009/02/20ÂsÄý¡^C

36. ENGLISH
Parent ID: 300010162
Record Type: Concept
cloud-and-thunder pattern (Chinese frets, frets (patterns), ... Design Elements)
Note: Frets consisting of continuous, linear, geometrical patterns, mostly seen on Chinese
ancient artifacts. Typically seen on bronze ware as decorative element to a theme,
sometimes appeared solely on the neck or foot of an utensil.
Terms:
cloud-and-thunder pattern (preferred,C,D,U,American English-P)
yun lei wen (cloud-and thunder pattern) (C,UF,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P)
yun lei wen (cloud-and thunder pattern) (C,UF,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles))
¶³¹p¯¾ (cloud-and thunder pattern) (Chinese (traditional))
¤ª¹p 纹 (cloud-and thunder pattern) (Chinse (simplified))
Facet/Hierarchy Code: D.DG
§@ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡] 1599 B.C.-1300 B.C.¡^¡C
[°Ó¥N¦-´Á ¶³¹p¯¾¹© ]¡C¡m¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n

37. Sources and Contributors:
cloud-and-thunder pattern............ [VP]
............................ National Palace Museum Bilingual Glossary
yun lei wen (cloud-and-thunder [VP]
pattern)............
............................ Hanyu Pinyin System
yun lei wen (cloud-and-thunder [VP]
pattern)............
............................ Wade-Giles System
¶³¹p¯¾ (cloud-and-thunder pattern)............ [VP]
............................ ¬G®c«á³]¸ê®Æ»Ý¨D³W®æ Ñ¡] 2004¡^ 22
............................ Dictionary of Chinese Craft Arts¡] 1995¡^
338
¤ª¹p 纹 (cloud-and thunder pattern)............ [VP]
............................ DaQian Chinese Pattern¡] 2000 - 2006¡^
accessed 21 January 2009
§@ªÌ¤£¸Ô¡] 1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.¡^¡C
[²M »ÉµW·ãÄl ]¡C¡m¼Æ¦ì¨åÂÃÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡n

38. Cloud-and-thunder pattern can be added under the concept of
frets (patterns) or Chinese frets in AAT

40. Preliminary Findings
Type 1 [cü¦Û¬
¼
Similar Structure
Similar Structure, meaning the hierarchical logic of the KOS
(TELDAP) is the same as the target KOS (AAT), with no structural
Conflict. The conceptual structure of AAT is usually more defined
Than TELDAP. By utilizing the method of modeling, partial AAT
Conceptual structure can be transferred to TELDAP.

41. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
¡· ¥H¡u¤Hª«¡v·§©Àµ²ºc¬°¨Ò¡A¥»ãs
Similar Structure
¼Ë¥» TELDAPªº¨â-Óµü·J¡u¦Zm¡v¤Î
¡uÀ±°Ç¦ò¡v¡A¤À§OÄÝ©ó¡G
¡u¤Hª« > ®c§Ê¤Hª« > ¦Zm¡v¤Î¡u¤Hª« >
¦ò¹D¤Hª« > À±°Ç¦ò¡v¼h¯Åµ²ºc
Take the conceptual structure
of “People” for example, “empresses”
And “monks” can be categorized
as follows¡G
people (agents) > monarchs >
empresses, and people (agents)
> religious (people)
> monks
¡· ¦b¹ï·Ó AAT·§©Àµ²ºc¡A¥i¥HÆ[¹î¨ì
¤GªÌ¨ã¦³¬Ûüºµ²c¡A¦ýb AATªº
µ²ºc³]-p¥i¥H®e¯Ç¨ã§ó¤jªº¯ßµ¸
compared with AAT conceptual
Structure, there is similarity
between the two structures,
but the structural design of AAT can
Include wider concepts

42. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure ¡· ¦]¹b¡u¤Hª«¡v¨ìu®c§Ê¤Hª« >
¦Zm¡v¤§¶¡A¦s¦b§ó¦h¼h¯Åªº¥ý¾Éµü©Î
µü·J ¡A ¦p¡G <¤Hª«¡A¨Ì¾Ú°ÈϤÀ >¡B
<¤½³¡ªùº¤Hª« >¡A¤Î¡u²ÎªvªÌ¡v¡C
between “people(agent)” and
“monarchs > empresses” , there exists
various guide terms or terms,
Such as¡G <people by occupation>,
<people in government and
administration>,
and rulers (people)
¡· ¦]¦¹¥i¥Hµo²{¡A-Y¥H¼Ò¥é¤èªk
¡] modeling¡^±N AAT¦¹³¡¥÷¬[ºc²¾´Ó¨ì
TELDAP¡A«h»Ý¦A¬° TELDAP¸É¥R¬ÛÃö
¼h¯Åªºµü·J¡A¦p¤U©Ò¥Ü¡G
Therefore, modeling requires
transference of partial AAT structure
To TELDAP. More terms need to be
added in TELDAP

43. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
¥N²zªÌ¼h-± > ¤Hª« (¼h¯Å ) > ¤Hª« > (¤Hª«¡A¨Ì¾Ú°ÈϤÀ ) > (¤ ½ ³ ¡ ª ù º H ª « )>
²ÎªvªÌ > ®c§Ê¤Hª« > ¦Zm
Agents Facet > people > people (agents) > <people by occupation> >
<people in government and administration> > rulers (people) > monarchs >
empresses
Agents Facet¥N²zªÌ¼h-±
.... PeopleHhů ¤ ¼«ª
........ people (agents) ¤Hª«
............ <people by occupation> <¤Hª«¡A¨Ì¾Ú°ÈϤÀ >
................ <people in government and administration> <¬F©²»PºÞ
²zªº¤Hª« >
.................... rulers (people) ²ÎªvªÌ
........................ monarchs ®c§Ê¤Hª«
............................ empresses ¦Zm

44. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
¥H¡uÃþ§O¡v·©À¬[ºc¬°¨Ò¡A¥»ãs¼Ë¥» TELDAPªº¡uÃþ§O¡v
1
¥]¬A 5ºØµü·J¡G
¡· u»É¾¹¡Bª÷Äݾ¹¡v
¡· u³ ²¡¾¹ v
¡· u¥É Û¾¹¡v
¡· u¤ì¦Ëº£¾¹¡v
¡·u 珐
The conceptual structure of Classification in TELDAP
includes5 terms:
(1) copper and metal (object)
(2) ceramics (object)
(3) jade and stone (object)
(4) wood, bamboo and lacquer (object)
(5) enamel and glass (object)

45. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
¹ï·Ó¦Ü AAT·§©Àµ²ºc¡A¥i¥HÆ[¹î¨ì¡uª«¥ó¼h-±¡v¶µ¤Uªº¡uª«¥óÃþ¬
2
(¼h¯Å )¡v¨ã¦³¬ÛPªºµ²c
In AAT, it shares the same structure as Object Genre (hierarchy)
under Object Facet
3 modeling¡^±N AAT¦¹³¡¥÷¬[ºc²¾´Ó¨ì TELDAP¡C
Based on the method of modeling, we transfer partial AAT
structure to TELDAP
¦ý¬°«Ø¥ß¨â-Óª¾ÃѲÕ´ t²Îªºµ¥¦PÃö«Y¡A»Ý¤À§O¦A¬°
¶i¦æ¤U-zµü·J©Îµ²ºc¤è-±ªº × q¡G
TELDAP¤Î AAT 4
To establish mapping equivalence relationship between two KOSs,
terms and structure revisions are required:

46. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
TELDAP¤è-±ªº×q
TELDAP Adjustment
¡· TELDAPµü·J¦b¦¹±`¥H¨Ã¦Cªº¦Wµü¤è¡A¥X²{½Æ¦µü (compound term)
ªº±¡ p¡A¦p¡G¡u»É¾¹¡Bª÷Äݾ¹¡v¡B¡u¥É Û¾¹¡v¡B¡u¤ì¦Ëº£¾¹¡v¡B¡u 珐
Terms in TELDAP usually appear as compound term, such as
copper and metal; jade and stone (object); wood, bamboo
and lacquer (object); enamel and glass (object)
¡· ¸g¹L»P AAT·§©Àµ²ºcªº¹ï·Ó¤ÀR¡A¥i¥HÆ[¹î¨ì¡u»É¾¹¡Bª÷Äݾ¹¡v¬O©¼¦¹
¤§¶¡ A¬O¼h¯ÅÃö«Y¤ ªº Ø¡ÐÄÝÃö«Y¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A¡u»É¾¹¡v¬O¡uª÷Äݾ¹¡vªº
¤@ºØÃþ«¬¡A¨ä¥¦ p¡u»È¾¹¡v¡B¡uÅK¾¹¡v¤]¬O¡uª÷Äݾ¹¡vªºÃþ«¬¡F
Through comparison and analysis with AAT conceptual structure,
we conclude that copper and metal (object) is in fact a ºØ¡ÐÄÝÃö«Y (?).
Copper (object) is a type of metal (object), silver (object) and
iron (object) are also types of metal.

47. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
TELDAP¤è-±ªº×q
TELDAP Adjustment
¡· °ò¦¹¡A¥»¬ã¨s«Øij¥i¥H¬°¡u»É¾¹¡Bª÷ÄÝ ¾¹¡vªº½Æ¦X·§©À A Õ ã¬° u»É¾¹¡v
¤Î¡uª÷Äݾ¹¡v¨â-Ó ã¦³¼h¯ÅÃö«Yªº·§©À¡F¡u¥É Û¾¹¡v¤]¬O ¦P±¡ªp A
¥i¥H½Õ¾ã¬°¡u¥É¾¹¡v B u¥Û¾¹¡vªº¼h¯ÅÃö«Y¡]ºØ ÐÄÝ þ ¬ ^ C¬Û¦P
ªº-ì«h¡F¡u¤ì¦Ëº£¾¹¡v¥i¥H°Ï¤À¡u¤ì¾¹¡v B u¦Ë¾¹¡v B uº£¾¹¡v¤T-Ó
µü·J¡F¡u 珐 珐
Compound term, copper and metal (object), should be divided into
copperwork and metalwork. The same rule also applied to jade
and stone (object). Based on the same principles, wood, bamboo
and lacquer (object) should be divided into 3 terms, woodwork, bamboo
(object), and lacquerware. Enamel and glass (object) should be
enamel (object) and glassware instead.

48. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
AAT¤è-±ªº×q
AAT Adjustment
¡· ³¡¤À TELDAP¡uÃþ§O¡v¬ÛÃöªºµü·J©|¥¼¦¬¿ýb AAT¦¹¼h-±¼h¯Å¶µ¤U¡A
¦p¡G¡u¦Ë¾¹¡v¡B¡u 珐
Some related terms in the Classification category of TELDAP are not
included in AAT, such as bamboo (object), and enamel (object).
¡· ¡u¥É¾¹¡v¡B¡u¥Û¾¹¡v«h¬O¥t¤@ºØª¬ p¡A AAT¦b¡uª«¥óÃþ§O¡v¼h¯Å¶µ¤U¡A
ÁöµM¦C¥X¡u¥Û§÷¡v¡A¦ý«o¬O³Q¼Ð¥Ü¦¹ B¨Ã«D°¾¦n¤÷¸`ÂI¡] non-preferred
parent¡^¡C¸Ó¤l¸`ÂI¡] stone (rock) [N]¡^ªº°¾¦n¤÷¸`ÂI¡] preferred
parent¡^¬OÁõÄÝ©ó¡u½è§÷¼h-±¡v¡C
As for jade (object) and stone (object), the term stone (rock) is placed
Under Object Facet in AAT, and marked as non-preferred parent.
It’s preferred parent is Material Facet.

49. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
AAT¤è-±ªº×q
AAT Adjustment
TELDAPÂë~¼Æ¶q²³¦h¡A¤]¬O-«nªº¨åÂïS¦â¡C¦]¦¹
¬ã¨sªÌ«Øij AAT¥i¥H¦b¡uª«¥óÃþ§O¡v¼h¯Å¶µ¤U·s¼W¡u¥É¾¹¡vµü·J¡C
Due to the distinctness and a vast amount of archives of jade (object)
in TELDAP, it is recommended that a new term, jade (object),
be added under Object Facet in AAT.
¡· °£¦¹¡A¡u 珐 AATªº·s¼Wµü·J½d³ò¡C¦p¦¹¡A
±N¥i¥HÅý AATªº¡uª«¥óÃþ§O¡v¼h¯ÅǤJªF¨È¦a°Ï-«n¾¹ª«ºÃþ§O¡C
Enamel (object) and bamboo (object) should also be added. These terms
will allow AAT to include important artifacts from the East Asia region into
Its database.

50. Type 1 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
ª«¥ó¼h-± > ª«¥óÃþ ¬ (¼h¯Å ) > (ª«¥óÃþ¬ (¥ý¾Éµü )) > (ª«¥óÃþ¬¨Ì½è§÷°Ï¤À )
>»É¾¹
Objects Facet > Object Genres (Hierarchy Name)> <object genres (Guide Term)>
> <object genres by material> > metalwork > copperwork
.... Objects Facet ª«¥ó¼h-±
........ Object Genres (Hierarchy Name) ª«¥óÃþ¬ (¼h¯Å )
............ <object genres (Guide Term)> <ª«¥óÃþ¬ (¥ý¾Éµü )>
................ <object genres by material> <ª«¥óÃþ¬¨Ì½è§÷°Ï¤À >
.................... ceramics (objects) ³²¡¾¹
.................... glassware ¬Á¼þ¾¹
.................... lacquerware º£¾¹
.................... metalwork ª÷Äݾ¹
........................ copperwork »É¾¹
.................... stone (rock) [N] ¥Û§÷
........................ <stone by quality> <¥Û§÷¨Ì½è¦a°Ï¤À >……¥É
.................... woodwork ¤ì¾¹

51. Preliminary Findings
Type 2 [cü¦Û¬
¼
Similar Structure
¬[ºc¬Û¦ü¡Ð ý»Ý AÂX¥R©Î-× q ؼ µ ·Jªº [ c
Similar Structure, but required further expansion or correction of
the structure.
TELDAPµü·J¥Nªíº·§©À±`¥X²{¤°êåÆ¿W¯S©Ê¡A¦]¦¹»Ýb AAT²{¦³
ªº·§©Àµ² c¤ ¡A¦A§ó²`¤J©¹¤U¼h©µ¦ù²Ó³¡ ºc¡B©Î ¹¼e¼sªº¼h¯Å·s¼W¾ã
®M·§©Àµ²ºc¡C
The concepts of the terms in TELDAP usually convey a
uniqueness only known in Chinese culture, therefore we need
to develop a more intricate structure.
¨ã¤ °ê å Æ¿W¯S©Ê Ϊí¹F©Ê·§ Àªºµü ·J¡A¥]¬A¡G¡u½`¨t¡v¡B¡u¦Ò¥j¤å Æ¡v
¡B¡u¥þ¾¹§Î¨î¡v¡B¡u®ÑÅé¡v¤Î¡u¯¾¹¢¡vµ¥·§©À ²ºc¡C
These unique concepts include :½`¨t (Chinese ceramics styles)
,¦Ò¥j¤åÆ ,¥þ¾¹§Î¨î ,®ÑÅé (script),¯¾¹¢

52. Type 2 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
uG¡Ò¨°¬véÅÑ®
¡H¥
clerical script (Áõ®Ñ , lishu) seal script ¡]½f®Ñ¡^ semi-cursive script (¦æ¯ó®Ñ )
regular script bird-and-insect scrip
(·¢®Ñ ,Kaishu) ¡]³¾Âήѡ^

53. Type 2 ¬[ºc¬Û¦ü
Preliminary Findings
Similar Structure
.... Objects Facet Suggest:
........ Components (Hierarchy Name)
............ components (objects)
Create a set of new
................ <components by specific context> guide term and
.................... <information form components> candidate terms
........................ <script and type forms>
............................ scripts (writing)
................................ <scripts by form>
.................................... <Arabic scripts> ªü©Ô§B®ÑÅé
.................................... <Chinese scripts> ¡]¤å®ÑÅé¡^
........................................ bird-and-insect script ¡]³¾Âήѡ^
........................................ clerical script ¡]Áõ®Ñ¡A lishu¡^
........................................ regular script ¡]·¢®Ñ¡A kaishu¡^
........................................ seal script ¡]½f®Ñ ¡^
........................................ semi-cursive script ¡]¦æ¯ó®Ñ ¡^

54. Preliminary Findings
Type 3 [cü¦Û¬£¤
¼
Dissimilar Structure
©Ò¿×¡u¬[ºc¤£¬Û¦ü¡v¡A¦b¥»¬ã¨s¬O«hªí¥Ü TELDAPµü·J§e²{ªº·§©Àµc
»P AATªí²{º·§©Àµc¤§ÀÃþÅ޿裬ۦP¡A¦ý TELDAPµü·J¥i¥H§¹¥þ
µ¥¦P©Î³¡¤Àµ¥¦P¦a¹ï·Ó¨ì AATµü·J¡C¦p¡G¹V¦â
Dissimilar Structure, the conceptual structure of the term in
TELDAP is different from AAT, but the term can either be exactly
matched or partially matched to the term in AAT, for example: glaze
Type 4 [cF
¬ º ¥Ê¯
Lack of Structure
¡u¬[ºc¯Ê¥F¡v¡A«h¬O«ü TELDAPµü·J§e²{ªº·§©ÀµcµLªk¦b AATµo²{¬Û¦ü
µ²ºc¡A¬ÛÃöµü·J¤]µLªk©ó AAT¹ï·Ó¨ì¥ô¦óµPÃö«Yªºµü·J¡C¦p¡G§½³¡Î¨î
Lack of Structure (no structure), neither similar conceptual
structure nor related term can be found in AAT

55. Lesson Learned
• Team building
• Training
• Coordination
• Methodology
• Follow AAT’s guidance and establish close
communication with AAT’s editor team
• Set milestone
• sustainable development

56. Sophy Shu-Jiun Chen
sophy@sinica.edu.tw
Special Thanks to the following people
for their assistance in the Equivalence
Mapping Task Force
JDDLD¯Ƨý¤
§¯³ ¡·° ¡¼¦×µ°« ª ¡»§Û«
DDDPÉ©Ã¥
¡¾Á×Âé ¡ðº¶°¿´ ¡¸´Î ÇÅ ©
dDLzDDBRWÀ
§ ¡Ë®§© ª ¼ ¡×µ ¡ß¤É©ý ¼ À
Patricia Harpring