China's bauxite resources are expected to see more demand from ceramic proppant manufacturers as the country looks next in line for major shale gas development and a boom in hydraulic fracturing.
However, although dominant with the world's largest technically recoverable reserves of shale gas, China is not alone in the Asia Pacific region regarding shale gas and oil potential: significant interest is growing in Australia, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
There is increasing recognition that a new and influential phase of unconventional oil and gas production will emerge from Asia Pacific in the near-medium future.
At present, China is the only source of ceramic proppants in the region. The situation raises some questions:
What is the current status of Chinese proppant production and consumption?
What are the challenges and opportunities for China's shale gas development?
How will the development of shale gas resources in both China and Asia Pacific impact China's proppant supply sector?
What will be the effect on Chinese ceramic proppant exports, already supplying a large share of the booming North American market?
Will bauxite feedstock for Chinese proppant manufacture threaten bauxite for other non-metallurgical uses such as refractories, abrasives, cement, welding?
And how will the select few ceramic proppant producers outside China react to this development?
This presentation by Mike O'Driscoll, Global Head of Research, Industrial Minerals, includes preliminary findings from ongoing research in preparation of a forthcoming Industrial Minerals Research multi client report "China's Proppants Market" covering raw material, supply, and consumption of Chinese frac sand and ceramic proppants see www.indmin.com/research for details.
Proppant Prospects for Industrial Minerals Mike O'Driscoll IMFORMED at SME 2015Mike O'Driscoll
The quest for low cost, clean, and efficient energy sources has assisted the drive for the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources worldwide, especially shale gas and shale oil resources. Advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies has enabled this resource exploitation. Imperative for this industry has been the evolution and development of proppants in hydraulic fracturing – mainly natural silica sand (frac sand), but also ceramic proppants manufactured from kaolin and bauxite. However, the supply of ceramic proppants is limited, especially outside North America, and meeting demand from the existing and anticipated boom in shale gas exploration and development is challenging. There are only certain industrial minerals that can meet ceramic proppant specifications, and their commercial development, until recently, has been somewhat limited. This paper highlights ceramic proppant raw materials, main sources, and supply to the oilfield industry – especially new markets in the Middle East, China, Asia-Pacific, South America – as we enter a new era of resource development which relies heavily on proppant utilisation.
Polybutadiene is a synthetic rubber formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene. It has high resistance to wear and is primarily used in tire manufacturing, consuming around 70% of total production. Another 25% is used to improve the toughness of plastics. Polybutadiene has good flexibility, low temperature properties, wear resistance, and low rolling resistance, making it well-suited for applications like tires, golf balls, hoses, and bridge pads.
This document provides an overview of petrochemicals from the website ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com. It begins with definitions of petrochemicals and describes the petrochemical industry and various petrochemical products. It then covers petrochemical raw materials, groups by carbon number, processes, plants and facilities. The document aims to provide foundational knowledge about petrochemicals, including key terminology, production pathways, common intermediates and final products. It also references additional resources to learn more about specific topics in petrochemical engineering.
A Specialty Paper and the Future - A European Specialty Paper & Paperboard Ma...EuropeanPaper
By Jos de Vries and Aila Vapaaoksa, AWA Aleksander Watson Associates. This was presented during the Speciality papers info session, organised as part of European Paper Week 2015. More at http://www.cepi.org/epw
This document provides information about cement, including its history, definition, manufacture, and composition. It discusses the four main processes used to manufacture cement: wet, semi-wet, semi-dry, and dry. The wet and dry processes are described in more detail. It also summarizes the classification of cements as hydraulic or non-hydraulic, and provides examples of their applications. Finally, it outlines the key functions of cement and its main constituent materials like lime, silica, alumina, and others.
Lubrication and Mechanical Stabilization of Rigid PVC FormulationsTom Pedersen
This document discusses lubrication and mechanical stabilization of rigid PVC formulations. It describes typical rigid PVC formulations that include PVC resin, tin stabilizer, lubricants like paraffin waxes, calcium carbonate, and pigments. The document examines how lubricants like paraffin waxes, calcium stearate, and polyethylene waxes prevent PVC degradation during heating and shearing. It also summarizes a study showing that rigid PVC can be processed without conventional heat stabilizers if adequate lubrication is provided through paraffin waxes, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene wax. The document concludes that lubricants serve as both rheology modifiers and mechanical stabilizers for rigid PVC.
Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation (Synthesis, Epoxy Resi...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Epoxy is a term used to denote both the basic components and the cured end products of epoxy resins, as well as a colloquial name for the epoxide functional group. Epoxy resin are a class of thermoset materials used extensively in structural and specialty composite applications because they offer a unique combination of properties that are unattainable with other thermoset resins.
See more
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https://goo.gl/egjxep
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website :
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http://www.entrepreneurindia.co
Tags
Best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Chemistry of Epoxy Resins, Common Uses of Industrial Epoxy, Electrical and Electronic Applications: Sealants and Foams, Epoxides and Epoxy Resins, Epoxy Adhesive Formulations, Epoxy formulation for industrial coating, Epoxy Resin Adhesives, Epoxy resin chemistry, Epoxy Resin Coatings, Epoxy resin manufacturing, Epoxy resin manufacturing plant, Epoxy resin plant, Epoxy resin production plant, Epoxy resin properties and uses, Epoxy resin structure, Epoxy resins – Chemical formula, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production and investment cost, Epoxy resins and compositions, Epoxy resins Based Profitable Projects, Epoxy resins Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Epoxy Resins Formulation, Epoxy resins Making Small Business Manufacturing, Epoxy resins manufacturing Industry in India, Epoxy resins Producing Projects, Epoxy resins production, Epoxy resins Production Business, Epoxy Resins Technology book, Formula of epoxy resin, Formulation of epoxy resin, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to make epoxy resin, How to start a successful Epoxy resins business, How to Start Epoxy resins Production Business, How to Start Epoxy resins production Industry in India, How to Start Epoxy resins Production plant?, Making Epoxy Resins, Manufacture of Epoxy Resins, Manufacturing process of Epoxy resins, Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation, Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Epoxy resins Producing Business Ideas, Multiple uses of epoxy resins, New small scale ideas in Epoxy resins industry, Polyester resin manufacturing process, Process for manufacturing liquid epoxy resins, Process for the manufacture of epoxy resins, Process technology book on Epoxy resins, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Epoxy resins Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Setting up and opening your Epoxy resins Business, Setting up of Epoxy resins Production Unit
Proppant Prospects for Industrial Minerals Mike O'Driscoll IMFORMED at SME 2015Mike O'Driscoll
The quest for low cost, clean, and efficient energy sources has assisted the drive for the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources worldwide, especially shale gas and shale oil resources. Advances in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies has enabled this resource exploitation. Imperative for this industry has been the evolution and development of proppants in hydraulic fracturing – mainly natural silica sand (frac sand), but also ceramic proppants manufactured from kaolin and bauxite. However, the supply of ceramic proppants is limited, especially outside North America, and meeting demand from the existing and anticipated boom in shale gas exploration and development is challenging. There are only certain industrial minerals that can meet ceramic proppant specifications, and their commercial development, until recently, has been somewhat limited. This paper highlights ceramic proppant raw materials, main sources, and supply to the oilfield industry – especially new markets in the Middle East, China, Asia-Pacific, South America – as we enter a new era of resource development which relies heavily on proppant utilisation.
Polybutadiene is a synthetic rubber formed from the polymerization of the monomer 1,3-butadiene. It has high resistance to wear and is primarily used in tire manufacturing, consuming around 70% of total production. Another 25% is used to improve the toughness of plastics. Polybutadiene has good flexibility, low temperature properties, wear resistance, and low rolling resistance, making it well-suited for applications like tires, golf balls, hoses, and bridge pads.
This document provides an overview of petrochemicals from the website ChemicalEngineeringGuy.com. It begins with definitions of petrochemicals and describes the petrochemical industry and various petrochemical products. It then covers petrochemical raw materials, groups by carbon number, processes, plants and facilities. The document aims to provide foundational knowledge about petrochemicals, including key terminology, production pathways, common intermediates and final products. It also references additional resources to learn more about specific topics in petrochemical engineering.
A Specialty Paper and the Future - A European Specialty Paper & Paperboard Ma...EuropeanPaper
By Jos de Vries and Aila Vapaaoksa, AWA Aleksander Watson Associates. This was presented during the Speciality papers info session, organised as part of European Paper Week 2015. More at http://www.cepi.org/epw
This document provides information about cement, including its history, definition, manufacture, and composition. It discusses the four main processes used to manufacture cement: wet, semi-wet, semi-dry, and dry. The wet and dry processes are described in more detail. It also summarizes the classification of cements as hydraulic or non-hydraulic, and provides examples of their applications. Finally, it outlines the key functions of cement and its main constituent materials like lime, silica, alumina, and others.
Lubrication and Mechanical Stabilization of Rigid PVC FormulationsTom Pedersen
This document discusses lubrication and mechanical stabilization of rigid PVC formulations. It describes typical rigid PVC formulations that include PVC resin, tin stabilizer, lubricants like paraffin waxes, calcium carbonate, and pigments. The document examines how lubricants like paraffin waxes, calcium stearate, and polyethylene waxes prevent PVC degradation during heating and shearing. It also summarizes a study showing that rigid PVC can be processed without conventional heat stabilizers if adequate lubrication is provided through paraffin waxes, calcium stearate and oxidized polyethylene wax. The document concludes that lubricants serve as both rheology modifiers and mechanical stabilizers for rigid PVC.
Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation (Synthesis, Epoxy Resi...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Epoxy is a term used to denote both the basic components and the cured end products of epoxy resins, as well as a colloquial name for the epoxide functional group. Epoxy resin are a class of thermoset materials used extensively in structural and specialty composite applications because they offer a unique combination of properties that are unattainable with other thermoset resins.
See more
https://goo.gl/2fk4X5
https://goo.gl/egjxep
https://goo.gl/pbI29H
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website :
http://www.niir.org
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co
Tags
Best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Chemistry of Epoxy Resins, Common Uses of Industrial Epoxy, Electrical and Electronic Applications: Sealants and Foams, Epoxides and Epoxy Resins, Epoxy Adhesive Formulations, Epoxy formulation for industrial coating, Epoxy Resin Adhesives, Epoxy resin chemistry, Epoxy Resin Coatings, Epoxy resin manufacturing, Epoxy resin manufacturing plant, Epoxy resin plant, Epoxy resin production plant, Epoxy resin properties and uses, Epoxy resin structure, Epoxy resins – Chemical formula, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production and investment cost, Epoxy resins and compositions, Epoxy resins Based Profitable Projects, Epoxy resins Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Epoxy Resins Formulation, Epoxy resins Making Small Business Manufacturing, Epoxy resins manufacturing Industry in India, Epoxy resins Producing Projects, Epoxy resins production, Epoxy resins Production Business, Epoxy Resins Technology book, Formula of epoxy resin, Formulation of epoxy resin, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to make epoxy resin, How to start a successful Epoxy resins business, How to Start Epoxy resins Production Business, How to Start Epoxy resins production Industry in India, How to Start Epoxy resins Production plant?, Making Epoxy Resins, Manufacture of Epoxy Resins, Manufacturing process of Epoxy resins, Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation, Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Epoxy resins Producing Business Ideas, Multiple uses of epoxy resins, New small scale ideas in Epoxy resins industry, Polyester resin manufacturing process, Process for manufacturing liquid epoxy resins, Process for the manufacture of epoxy resins, Process technology book on Epoxy resins, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Epoxy resins Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Setting up and opening your Epoxy resins Business, Setting up of Epoxy resins Production Unit
1) Cement is a substance used to bind together sand and aggregates like stone. Hydraulic cement forms water resistant products when mixed with water.
2) The main chemical compounds in Portland cement are tri-calcium silicate (C3S), di-calcium silicate (C2S), tri-calcium aluminate (C3A), and tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF).
3) When mixed with water, cement undergoes hydration reactions where the compounds react to form products like calcium silicate hydrates and calcium hydroxide that harden and bind the materials together.
Lubricating Rigid PVC Pipe Formulations, Current Issues and OptionsTom Pedersen
This document discusses the history and future of lubricants used in rigid PVC applications. It notes that paraffin waxes have been the primary lubricant used for over 40 years. However, supplies of fully refined paraffin wax in North America have declined as refineries have stopped wax production. Imports from China have increased to meet demand. The document also explores potential alternative lubricant technologies using bio-based or synthetic waxes to ensure adequate long-term supply as rigid PVC production increases. Rheogistics proposes a hybrid ester-based lubricant as one alternative that could provide competitive economics and similar performance to traditional paraffin-based systems.
This document discusses crude oil processing and the production of hydrocarbon intermediates. It describes how crude oil is distilled through atmospheric and vacuum distillation to produce simple fractions like naphtha, gas oil, and catalytic cracker gases. These refinery products undergo further processing through thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, and steam reforming to produce olefins, diolefins, and aromatics. Key processes mentioned include thermal cracking (steam cracking) to produce ethylene and catalytic reforming to produce BTX aromatics. Delayed coking is also summarized as a thermal cracking process used to upgrade heavy residues into lighter fractions.
Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a polymer made from acrylic acid monomer units that are cross-linked. Unlike most polymers that repel water, PAA is highly absorbent due to carboxylic acid groups that attract water molecules. PAA absorbs and retains large amounts of water, swelling to many times its original size. It has applications as a thickening agent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and paints, as well as uses in disposable diapers, hand sanitizers, and other personal care products due to its water-absorbing properties.
Pvc compounding ingredients, The essential IngredientsSiddhartha Roy
Siddhartha Roy covers PVC Compounding technology, the essential ingredients and their role in formulating a successful PVC Compounds. A must read for beginners in PVC Compounding
Shale gas is natural gas i.e. trapped within Shale. For to extract it we have use some extraction techniques like Horizontal Drilling or Hydraulic Fracking.
Formulation and Manufacturing Process of Alkyd Resin, Amino Resin, Phenolic R...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a "solid or highly viscous substance," which are typically convertible into polymers. Such viscous substances can be plant-derived or synthetic in origin. They are often mixtures of organic compounds. Many plants, particularly woody plants produce resin in response to injury. The resin acts as a bandage protecting the plant from invading insects and pathogens.
See more
http://goo.gl/nL87v7
http://goo.gl/XsPcRR
http://goo.gl/KmQ0DN
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Alkyd Resin Manufacturing, Applications of Emulsion Polymers, Best small and cottage scale industries, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Emulsion polymers manufacture, Epoxy resin manufacturing plant, Epoxy resins manufacturing process, Everything about resins in a single book, Formulation of Acrylic Resin, Formulation of Alkyd Resin, Formulation of Amino Resin, Formulation of Epoxy Resin, Formulation of Paints, Formulation of Phenolic Resin, Formulation of Polyurethane Resins, Formulation of Silicone Resin, Formulation of Varnishes, Handbook of Epoxy Resins, How to manufacture resin, How to Start a Resins Production Business, How to start a successful Resin production business, How to Start Emulsions of Synthetic Resin Business, How to Start Resin production Industry in India, Industrial Resins, Manufacturing Process of Acrylic Resin, Manufacturing Process of Alkyd Resin, Manufacturing Process of Amino Resin, Manufacturing Process of Paints, Manufacturing Process of Phenolic Resin, Manufacturing Process of Pigments & Additives, Manufacturing Process of Polyurethane Epoxy Resin, Manufacturing Process of Silicone Resin, Manufacturing Process of Varnishes, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Resin production Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Resin manufacturing industry, Oleoresinous Manufacturing Equipment, Phenolic resin manufacturing, Plastic Resin & Synthetic Fiber Manufacturing, Polyester resin manufacturing process, Preparation and Formulation of Silicone Resin based Coatings, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Resins Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Resin Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Resin manufacturing Industry in India, Resin manufacturing plant, Resin manufacturing process, Resin manufacturing Projects, Resin production Business, Resin production process, Resin Types and Production, Resins Based Profitable Projects, Resins for Surface Coatings: Polyurethanes, Resins properties and applications, Resins Small Business Manufacturing, Resins Technology book, Setting up and opening your Resin Business, Setting up of Resin production Units, Small scale Commercial Resin making, Small scale Resin production line
The document discusses zero liquid discharge systems for fertilizer production. It provides details on different types of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and their manufacturing processes. This can generate wastewater containing nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as other pollutants. Zero liquid discharge systems aim to treat this wastewater on-site to allow water reuse and recover fertilizer products, minimizing liquid discharges.
Evaluation of CO2 Storage Capacity and EOR in the Bakken Shale Oil ReservoirsHamid Lashgari
This paper presents a new perspective in modeling and analyzing efficiency of CO2 and miscible gas injection for potential enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage in shale oil plays. Our major focuses are conceptual and fundamental understanding of the dominant trapping and oil recovery mechanisms behind miscible gas injection. The efficiency of the CO2 Huff-n-Puff process in shale oil production has been widely investigated in recent years because of the ultra-low permeability (1 to 100 µD) of shale oil reservoirs and poor geological connectivity between hydraulic fractured wells. Here we used hydrocarbon fluid properties of a Middle Bakken tight oil reservoir, and considered a wide range of permeability (from 1 to 100µD) and isotherm adsorption properties for CO2 and CH4. A large scale numerical model was set up to simulate and capture the important mechanisms behind various miscible gas injection scenarios.
Simulation results reveal that CO2 adsorption and CH4 desorption along with molecular diffusion of hydrocarbon components are crucial in the presence of organic matter content and pores, however, recycle enriched gas injection demonstrated a high oil recovery compared to miscible CO2 injection. Although CO2 adsorption is large in organic rich shale oil based on literature measurements, CO2 efficiency in enhancing oil recovery is not as much as recycle enriched gas with ethane (C2). However, CO2 trapping may be substantial due to adsorption (5.0% to 10%) and other conventional trapping mechanisms, and the amount of CO2 trapped could be a significant fraction of the total injected amount (25% to 50% considering other trapping mechanisms such as CO¬2 dissolution, residual, and free gas). Simulation results strongly support that CO2 molecular diffusion can assist in the deep penetration of CO2 to touch larger surface area of matrix to become adsorbed, as well as dissolved in other coexisting phases and residual trapping.
Based on the information provided, a hydrocarbon system and petroleum refining process type have been selected. The recommended property package is NRTL.
Does this help summarize the recommended package? Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
Function of Waxes in PVC Pipe ExtrusionTom Pedersen
The document discusses the function of waxes in PVC pipe extrusion. It notes that paraffin waxes have been used for over 40 years to lubricate rigid PVC and help prevent degradation during heating and shearing. Waxes also define rheology and control fusion during extrusion. The keys to better PVC products and processing are getting the lubricant system right, as it affects properties and is a constant balancing act.
Siddhartha Roy explores calcium carbonate’s (CaCO3) role
in filler applications, with a look at processes around the
world with regard to PVC pipes in India and China.
The Oil and Natural Gas Value Chain; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY STRUCTURE; THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS SECTOR; Business Cycle of Upstream; Components of the Upstream Sector; Upstream Oil Company Targets; MIDSTREAM SECTOR; DOWNSTREAM PROCESS AND SECTOR; Distribution of Refined Products; PETROLEUM REFINING; Distillation of Crude Oil; PETROLEUM COMPANIES TYPES; International Oil Companies (IOCs); Nation Oil Companies (NOCs); Operator Companies (or Exploration and Production (E &P) Companies); Types of exploration and production companies; Service Petroleum Companies; Types of service companies; MAIN PETROLEUM COMPANIES PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MARKET; SEVEN SISTERS (or ANGLO-SAXON) ; Composition and history; New Seven Sisters
The document outlines the organizational chart and production processes of an engineering steel plant. It details the roles of leadership positions like the president and directors. It maps the flow of raw materials from storage through melting, refining, alloying and pouring processes. Key stages include loading scrap and alloys, melting in electric arc furnaces, secondary refining using AOD converters, heating ladles, and final pouring of liquid steel. Laboratories analyze raw materials and samples to control quality.
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a thermoplastic polymer that is part of the polyester family. It has good electrical resistance, toughness, and surface finish, making it useful in the electrical and electronics industries. PBT can be made flame retardant and resistant to chemicals and water. It is produced through polycondensation of terephthalic acid and 1,4-butanediol. PBT can be injection molded or extruded and has applications in electrical components, automotive parts, and other industrial uses due to its properties and processability.
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship ReportMuneeb Ur Rahman
This is a complete overview of the Khaur fields plant of POL discussing the operations and procedures happening there. If this benefits you at some point in time, please help others with your stuff too. We grow by lifting others. Cheers!
The Value Chain of Copper – from Mine to ApplicationLeonardo ENERGY
The value of copper in the different stages of the value chain of copper is explained. It is clarified how the value of the copper content in ores and concentrates, in cathodes, in recycling materials and in copper products is calculated and how it is used in the sales or purchase of copper containing materials. It is shown that the registered copper cathode is the base for all commercial negotiations – not only for cathodes. The role of the London Metal Exchang (LME) and hedging is also discussed.
MSc Thesis. Jonathan Roche - Investigate the rate of phase re-segregation in ...Jonathan Roche
This document presents a master's thesis investigating phase re-segregation in shut-in multiphase wells using transient well modeling. The student used the OLGA wellbore simulator to model phase behavior when a well is shut-in for various starting water-cuts. The modeling showed that as water-cut increased at shut-in, the time for full phase separation increased. Sensitivity analysis examined the impact of factors like gas-oil ratio and oil density. The study also coupled the wellbore model to a reservoir model to simulate intermittent production by "skimming" dry oil after phase separation. Onset of phase separation was observed in the reservoir during a 20-day shut-in.
This document provides a list of 401 coal bed methane fields and projects in China in alphabetical order. It includes information on the status, location, gas source type, recovery method, investor, operator, and contact information for each project. The list is intended to help gas industry analysts, liquefied natural gas plant investors, consulting companies, and equipment/service providers by providing comprehensive baseline project data to inform decision making and market analysis.
This document provides a list of 401 coal bed methane fields and projects in China in alphabetical order. It includes information on the status, location, gas source type, recovery method, investor, operator, and contact information for each project. The list is intended to help gas industry analysts, LNG plant investors, consulting companies, and equipment/service providers by providing comprehensive baseline project data to inform decision making and market analysis.
1) Cement is a substance used to bind together sand and aggregates like stone. Hydraulic cement forms water resistant products when mixed with water.
2) The main chemical compounds in Portland cement are tri-calcium silicate (C3S), di-calcium silicate (C2S), tri-calcium aluminate (C3A), and tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF).
3) When mixed with water, cement undergoes hydration reactions where the compounds react to form products like calcium silicate hydrates and calcium hydroxide that harden and bind the materials together.
Lubricating Rigid PVC Pipe Formulations, Current Issues and OptionsTom Pedersen
This document discusses the history and future of lubricants used in rigid PVC applications. It notes that paraffin waxes have been the primary lubricant used for over 40 years. However, supplies of fully refined paraffin wax in North America have declined as refineries have stopped wax production. Imports from China have increased to meet demand. The document also explores potential alternative lubricant technologies using bio-based or synthetic waxes to ensure adequate long-term supply as rigid PVC production increases. Rheogistics proposes a hybrid ester-based lubricant as one alternative that could provide competitive economics and similar performance to traditional paraffin-based systems.
This document discusses crude oil processing and the production of hydrocarbon intermediates. It describes how crude oil is distilled through atmospheric and vacuum distillation to produce simple fractions like naphtha, gas oil, and catalytic cracker gases. These refinery products undergo further processing through thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, and steam reforming to produce olefins, diolefins, and aromatics. Key processes mentioned include thermal cracking (steam cracking) to produce ethylene and catalytic reforming to produce BTX aromatics. Delayed coking is also summarized as a thermal cracking process used to upgrade heavy residues into lighter fractions.
Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a polymer made from acrylic acid monomer units that are cross-linked. Unlike most polymers that repel water, PAA is highly absorbent due to carboxylic acid groups that attract water molecules. PAA absorbs and retains large amounts of water, swelling to many times its original size. It has applications as a thickening agent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and paints, as well as uses in disposable diapers, hand sanitizers, and other personal care products due to its water-absorbing properties.
Pvc compounding ingredients, The essential IngredientsSiddhartha Roy
Siddhartha Roy covers PVC Compounding technology, the essential ingredients and their role in formulating a successful PVC Compounds. A must read for beginners in PVC Compounding
Shale gas is natural gas i.e. trapped within Shale. For to extract it we have use some extraction techniques like Horizontal Drilling or Hydraulic Fracking.
Formulation and Manufacturing Process of Alkyd Resin, Amino Resin, Phenolic R...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a "solid or highly viscous substance," which are typically convertible into polymers. Such viscous substances can be plant-derived or synthetic in origin. They are often mixtures of organic compounds. Many plants, particularly woody plants produce resin in response to injury. The resin acts as a bandage protecting the plant from invading insects and pathogens.
See more
http://goo.gl/nL87v7
http://goo.gl/XsPcRR
http://goo.gl/KmQ0DN
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Alkyd Resin Manufacturing, Applications of Emulsion Polymers, Best small and cottage scale industries, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Emulsion polymers manufacture, Epoxy resin manufacturing plant, Epoxy resins manufacturing process, Everything about resins in a single book, Formulation of Acrylic Resin, Formulation of Alkyd Resin, Formulation of Amino Resin, Formulation of Epoxy Resin, Formulation of Paints, Formulation of Phenolic Resin, Formulation of Polyurethane Resins, Formulation of Silicone Resin, Formulation of Varnishes, Handbook of Epoxy Resins, How to manufacture resin, How to Start a Resins Production Business, How to start a successful Resin production business, How to Start Emulsions of Synthetic Resin Business, How to Start Resin production Industry in India, Industrial Resins, Manufacturing Process of Acrylic Resin, Manufacturing Process of Alkyd Resin, Manufacturing Process of Amino Resin, Manufacturing Process of Paints, Manufacturing Process of Phenolic Resin, Manufacturing Process of Pigments & Additives, Manufacturing Process of Polyurethane Epoxy Resin, Manufacturing Process of Silicone Resin, Manufacturing Process of Varnishes, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Resin production Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Resin manufacturing industry, Oleoresinous Manufacturing Equipment, Phenolic resin manufacturing, Plastic Resin & Synthetic Fiber Manufacturing, Polyester resin manufacturing process, Preparation and Formulation of Silicone Resin based Coatings, Preparation of Project Profiles, Process technology books, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Resins Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Resin Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Resin manufacturing Industry in India, Resin manufacturing plant, Resin manufacturing process, Resin manufacturing Projects, Resin production Business, Resin production process, Resin Types and Production, Resins Based Profitable Projects, Resins for Surface Coatings: Polyurethanes, Resins properties and applications, Resins Small Business Manufacturing, Resins Technology book, Setting up and opening your Resin Business, Setting up of Resin production Units, Small scale Commercial Resin making, Small scale Resin production line
The document discusses zero liquid discharge systems for fertilizer production. It provides details on different types of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and their manufacturing processes. This can generate wastewater containing nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as other pollutants. Zero liquid discharge systems aim to treat this wastewater on-site to allow water reuse and recover fertilizer products, minimizing liquid discharges.
Evaluation of CO2 Storage Capacity and EOR in the Bakken Shale Oil ReservoirsHamid Lashgari
This paper presents a new perspective in modeling and analyzing efficiency of CO2 and miscible gas injection for potential enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage in shale oil plays. Our major focuses are conceptual and fundamental understanding of the dominant trapping and oil recovery mechanisms behind miscible gas injection. The efficiency of the CO2 Huff-n-Puff process in shale oil production has been widely investigated in recent years because of the ultra-low permeability (1 to 100 µD) of shale oil reservoirs and poor geological connectivity between hydraulic fractured wells. Here we used hydrocarbon fluid properties of a Middle Bakken tight oil reservoir, and considered a wide range of permeability (from 1 to 100µD) and isotherm adsorption properties for CO2 and CH4. A large scale numerical model was set up to simulate and capture the important mechanisms behind various miscible gas injection scenarios.
Simulation results reveal that CO2 adsorption and CH4 desorption along with molecular diffusion of hydrocarbon components are crucial in the presence of organic matter content and pores, however, recycle enriched gas injection demonstrated a high oil recovery compared to miscible CO2 injection. Although CO2 adsorption is large in organic rich shale oil based on literature measurements, CO2 efficiency in enhancing oil recovery is not as much as recycle enriched gas with ethane (C2). However, CO2 trapping may be substantial due to adsorption (5.0% to 10%) and other conventional trapping mechanisms, and the amount of CO2 trapped could be a significant fraction of the total injected amount (25% to 50% considering other trapping mechanisms such as CO¬2 dissolution, residual, and free gas). Simulation results strongly support that CO2 molecular diffusion can assist in the deep penetration of CO2 to touch larger surface area of matrix to become adsorbed, as well as dissolved in other coexisting phases and residual trapping.
Based on the information provided, a hydrocarbon system and petroleum refining process type have been selected. The recommended property package is NRTL.
Does this help summarize the recommended package? Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
Function of Waxes in PVC Pipe ExtrusionTom Pedersen
The document discusses the function of waxes in PVC pipe extrusion. It notes that paraffin waxes have been used for over 40 years to lubricate rigid PVC and help prevent degradation during heating and shearing. Waxes also define rheology and control fusion during extrusion. The keys to better PVC products and processing are getting the lubricant system right, as it affects properties and is a constant balancing act.
Siddhartha Roy explores calcium carbonate’s (CaCO3) role
in filler applications, with a look at processes around the
world with regard to PVC pipes in India and China.
The Oil and Natural Gas Value Chain; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY STRUCTURE; THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS SECTOR; Business Cycle of Upstream; Components of the Upstream Sector; Upstream Oil Company Targets; MIDSTREAM SECTOR; DOWNSTREAM PROCESS AND SECTOR; Distribution of Refined Products; PETROLEUM REFINING; Distillation of Crude Oil; PETROLEUM COMPANIES TYPES; International Oil Companies (IOCs); Nation Oil Companies (NOCs); Operator Companies (or Exploration and Production (E &P) Companies); Types of exploration and production companies; Service Petroleum Companies; Types of service companies; MAIN PETROLEUM COMPANIES PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MARKET; SEVEN SISTERS (or ANGLO-SAXON) ; Composition and history; New Seven Sisters
The document outlines the organizational chart and production processes of an engineering steel plant. It details the roles of leadership positions like the president and directors. It maps the flow of raw materials from storage through melting, refining, alloying and pouring processes. Key stages include loading scrap and alloys, melting in electric arc furnaces, secondary refining using AOD converters, heating ladles, and final pouring of liquid steel. Laboratories analyze raw materials and samples to control quality.
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a thermoplastic polymer that is part of the polyester family. It has good electrical resistance, toughness, and surface finish, making it useful in the electrical and electronics industries. PBT can be made flame retardant and resistant to chemicals and water. It is produced through polycondensation of terephthalic acid and 1,4-butanediol. PBT can be injection molded or extruded and has applications in electrical components, automotive parts, and other industrial uses due to its properties and processability.
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship ReportMuneeb Ur Rahman
This is a complete overview of the Khaur fields plant of POL discussing the operations and procedures happening there. If this benefits you at some point in time, please help others with your stuff too. We grow by lifting others. Cheers!
The Value Chain of Copper – from Mine to ApplicationLeonardo ENERGY
The value of copper in the different stages of the value chain of copper is explained. It is clarified how the value of the copper content in ores and concentrates, in cathodes, in recycling materials and in copper products is calculated and how it is used in the sales or purchase of copper containing materials. It is shown that the registered copper cathode is the base for all commercial negotiations – not only for cathodes. The role of the London Metal Exchang (LME) and hedging is also discussed.
MSc Thesis. Jonathan Roche - Investigate the rate of phase re-segregation in ...Jonathan Roche
This document presents a master's thesis investigating phase re-segregation in shut-in multiphase wells using transient well modeling. The student used the OLGA wellbore simulator to model phase behavior when a well is shut-in for various starting water-cuts. The modeling showed that as water-cut increased at shut-in, the time for full phase separation increased. Sensitivity analysis examined the impact of factors like gas-oil ratio and oil density. The study also coupled the wellbore model to a reservoir model to simulate intermittent production by "skimming" dry oil after phase separation. Onset of phase separation was observed in the reservoir during a 20-day shut-in.
This document provides a list of 401 coal bed methane fields and projects in China in alphabetical order. It includes information on the status, location, gas source type, recovery method, investor, operator, and contact information for each project. The list is intended to help gas industry analysts, liquefied natural gas plant investors, consulting companies, and equipment/service providers by providing comprehensive baseline project data to inform decision making and market analysis.
This document provides a list of 401 coal bed methane fields and projects in China in alphabetical order. It includes information on the status, location, gas source type, recovery method, investor, operator, and contact information for each project. The list is intended to help gas industry analysts, LNG plant investors, consulting companies, and equipment/service providers by providing comprehensive baseline project data to inform decision making and market analysis.
Two large iron ore reserves in Punjab have potential to be developed but require further study. The Chichiali reserve is a low-grade surface deposit that will require on-site beneficiation and extraction pilots. The Chiniot/Rajoa reserve has high-grade underground ore that also requires pilots to develop an extraction process. Both reserves need updated geological studies and mining strategies before full commercial development.
The document outlines a roadmap to extract iron ore reserves in Punjab, Pakistan and convert it to steel. It discusses two major iron ore reserves - a low-grade surface deposit in Chichali and a high-grade underground deposit in Chiniot/Rajoa. For the Chichali reserves, it proposes a two-stage process of on-site beneficiation to produce enriched ore, followed by smelting in a blast furnace. It recommends further studies to re-authenticate the reserves and develop an appropriate mining and beneficiation pilot plant to process samples from the site. Finally, it envisions a $1 billion commercial steel mill project in Kalabagh based on the results.
公司简介FOUNDRY COOPERATION BROCHURE HYBY 2016-8-18Vivi He
This document introduces Sichuan Hongyu Baiyun New Materials Co., Ltd., a foundry located in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China that focuses on producing wear, heat, and corrosion resistant castings. The company owns 9 national patents and manufactures parts to GB, ASTM, and DIN standards. It has over 20 years of experience producing parts for auto shredders, mining equipment, and other machinery. The foundry has two plants with resin sand and lost foam production lines, facilities for melting, molding, heat treating and machining castings, and labs for chemical analysis and quality control testing.
The document discusses Hevi Sand, a processed chromite product created by AMCOL. It begins with an overview of AMCOL and its global mining operations. It then discusses the traditional chrome ore supply chain and issues with traditional processing methods. The document outlines the development of the H.S. Process for processing chromite, including identifying customer needs, researching chromite formation and impurities, developing plant requirements, and addressing issues like yield and quality. It provides details on the H.S. process plant, technology used, and end product results and issues identified.
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Commercial and investment opportunities exist for two very distinct large scale reserves that have awaited development for decades in this province. The projects have not moved beyond early prospecting stage. The availability of this mineral resource in two separate areas of the province needs to be first authenticated through a detailed bankable geological study, separately in
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The document discusses various metal casting processes including sand casting, shell molding, expanded polystyrene casting, investment casting, plaster mold casting, and ceramic mold casting. It focuses on describing the key steps for sand casting, which involves making a sand mold around a pattern, pouring molten metal, and then breaking the mold to remove the casting. Sand casting is noted as the most widely used casting process. Permanent mold casting processes like die casting and centrifugal casting are also introduced, which allow for higher production rates compared to expendable mold processes since the metal mold can be reused.
The document discusses the iron and steel industry in Pakistan. It describes the raw materials used like iron ore, manganese, coking coal and limestone. It explains the steel making process which involves heating iron ore and coke in a blast furnace. The main outputs are steel billets, hot rolled products, cold rolled sheets and galvanized products. Pakistan Steel Mills is located in Karachi for its access to raw materials through the port and energy resources. Over half of its steel output is sent to Punjab for industrial use. The industry faces environmental issues from pollution and economic challenges due to import dependence.
The document discusses the iron and steel industry in Pakistan. It describes the raw materials used like iron ore, manganese, coking coal and limestone. It explains the steel making process which involves heating iron ore and coke in a blast furnace. The main outputs are steel billets, hot rolled products, cold rolled sheets and galvanized products. Pakistan Steel Mills is located in Karachi for its access to raw materials from ports and markets in Punjab for over half its production. The industry faces environmental issues from pollution and economic challenges from relying on imports.
Ivanhoe Mines agreed to sell its 42% controlling stake in Jinshan Gold Mines to China National Gold Group Corporation. Under the terms of the agreement, China National Gold will acquire Ivanhoe's shares in Jinshan for C$217.7 million. Sun Zhaoxue, president of China National Gold, will become chairman of Jinshan, while Jay Chmelauskas will continue as president and CEO. The sale will allow Ivanhoe to focus on gold and copper exploration in China through a new strategic partnership with China National Gold.
Glencore has suspended 500,000 tonnes of annual zinc production capacity. The zinc market is expected to experience a supply deficit this year due to mine closures and production cuts. While China may increase small-scale zinc mine production, global zinc output is still forecast to fall 1.4% overall. The zinc price rally is developing faster than in the past decade due to tightening raw material supply, but substantial hidden zinc stockpiles could delay price increases if released onto the market.
A Rotary kiln is a pyroprocessing device used to raise materials to a high temperature (calcination) in a continuous process. Materials produced using rotary kilns include: Cement. Lime.
Crusader Ventures Inc. is a private company exploring for colored gemstones internationally with a focus on rubies, sapphires, alexandrite, and emeralds. It has mining expertise and is exploring projects in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Madagascar, Tanzania, Brazil, Canada, and the USA. One project, the Sen Chao ruby and pink sapphire project in Cambodia, has shown promising bulk sampling results and the company plans to begin production in mid-2010, generating revenue by late 2010. The company aims to follow best social and environmental practices.
Duncan Calder - In line with Chinese Government policy to cut emissions, increasing demand from steel mills for less polluting magnetite iron ore will boost Western Australia’s magnetite production.
This presentation I got from OSTP- IEPM online summer training.
Grab excellent knowledge in this area by prof. sarkar sir from BBIJ college. I hope anyone can see this helpful pdf file for this presentation.
The document discusses the various stages of the dental casting procedure, including both clinical and laboratory steps. It begins with tooth preparation and making an impression in the clinical stage. In the laboratory, a die is prepared from the impression and a wax pattern is fabricated on the die. The wax pattern is then invested and the wax eliminated to create a mold, into which molten alloy is cast to produce a dental restoration. The document provides details on materials, techniques and historical developments related to each step of the lost wax casting process.
This document examines China's role in global steel markets and Noble Group's strategy for supplying China. It summarizes that:
1) China's steel production and domestic consumption peaked in the 2010s and is expected to stabilize, though steel consumption is projected to still grow 6-7% annually.
2) China has historically been both a net importer and exporter of steel but has been a consistent net exporter since 2005. It exports a small percentage (7-15%) of overall steel production.
3) Noble Group's core strategy is to build integrated supply chains to control key stages of supplying raw materials to China. It adds value at each stage and captures margins through sourcing, transportation, blending, shipping,
This document examines China's role in global steel markets and Noble Group's strategy for supplying China. It summarizes that:
1) China's steel production and domestic consumption peaked in the 2010s and is expected to stabilize, though steel consumption will still grow 6-7% annually as housing cools.
2) China has historically imported and exported steel but is now consistently a net exporter, exporting around 7-15% of production. Scrap recycling and electric arc furnaces could significantly reduce iron ore imports if adopted at global averages.
3) Noble Group's strategy is to build integrated supply pipelines, source from low-cost producers, add value at each step, and supply a range of raw materials to
Similar to China's ceramic proppants outlook Mike ODriscoll February 2014 (20)
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
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Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
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5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
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7. What is Prometheus?
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8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
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9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
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Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
China's ceramic proppants outlook Mike ODriscoll February 2014
1. China’s ceramic proppant market
Bauxite’s new bonanza?
Mike O’Driscoll
Global Head of Research, Industrial Minerals
2.
3.
4. Outline
1. Proppants in perspective
2. Why the interest in China?
3. China’s ceramic proppant industry
4. Potential market demand
5. Conclusions
5. Proppants in perspective
Exploiting unconventional oil & gas resources
Gas in pores/fractures
of coal seams(CBM/CSG)
Gas in low permeability
reservoir rocks
Gas not migrated to reservoir rock, but confined
to low permeability, organic-rich source rocks
such as shales.
9. • walnut shells
• silica sand
• alumino-silicates
• resin coated proppants
• fused zirconia
• plastic pellets
• steel shot
• glass beads
• aluminium pellets
• fly ash
“The ideal proppant is one that has:
• the specific gravity of water,
• the strength of iron,
• and is cheaper than dirt!”
Proppants in perspective
Made from a variety of raw materials
13. Proppants in perspective
Primary proppant categories
Frac Sand Resin Coated Sand Ceramic Proppant
Conductivity Low Medium High
Strength Low Medium High
Shape Irregular Irregular Uniform
Well Type Low Pressure
Medium-High
Pressure
High Pressure
Cost $ $$$ $$$$$
Source: AJ DeCenso, M-I Swaco 2013
19. Proppants in perspective
Ceramic proppant producers ex-China
Source: IM Research
CoorsTek Golden, Colorado, USA ??? alumina
(tpa)
(tpa)
20. Source: Hill & Sehnke 2007
Metallic uses
Non-Metallic uses
Proppants in perspective
Bauxite supply chain
21. Source: Hill & Sehnke 2007
Proppants in perspective
Bauxite supply chain
22. Source: bauxite province map Hill & Sehnke 2007
Bauxitic kaolin: Alabama
Bauxite: Arkansas
Kaolin: Georgia
Carbo Ceramics, AR, AL
Imerys, GA
Saint-Gobain, AR
Bauxite, Minas Gerais
Mineracao Curimbaba, MG
Bauxite: Henan,
Guizhou, Hebei
Shanxi, Sichuan
~100 producers
Kaolin:
Novgorod
Borovichi,
Novgorod
Serpentinite (MgSiO2):
Sverdlovsk
Fores, Chelyabinsk
Bauxite, kaolin:
north India
Hallmark,
Maharashtra
Proppants in perspective
Proximity to raw material source: bauxite/kaolin
Bauxite:
Komi
Carbo,
Kopeysk
23. Why the interest in China?
1. China is a major exporter of ceramic proppants
2. Significant proppant demand anticipated in China
and Asia-Pacific region
• Competition with US producers in N. America
• Pursuing emerging markets outside N. America
• China’s supply sector developing fast
• Very large unconventional resource potential
• Slowly developing, but steadily, and on political radar
• Will Chinese proppant supply meet all China/APAC demand?
24. Source: adapted from Hill & Sehnke 2007
Bauxitic kaolin:
Alabama
Bauxite: Arkansas
Kaolin: Georgia
Carbo Ceramics, AR, AL
Imerys, GA
Saint-Gobain, AR
Bauxite, Minas Gerais
Mineracao Curimbaba, MG
Bauxite: Henan,
Guizhou, Hebei
Shanxi, Sichuan
~100 producers
Kaolin:
Novgorod
Borovichi,
Novgorod
Serpentinite (MgSiO2):
Sverdlovsk
Fores, Chelyabinsk
Bauxite, kaolin:
north India
Hallmark,
Maharashtra
Why the interest in China?
Export sources: China, Russia, Brazil
Bauxite:
Komi
Carbo,
Kopeysk
25. Why the interest in China?
Major world exporter ceramic proppants
2008-2012 tonnes
Source: based on ITC data; HS code 691490
articles of ceramics not elsewhere specified
194% growth in Chinese
ceramic proppant exports
26. Why the interest in China?
Major world exporter ceramic proppants
2012: 897,237 tonnes, US$604m. (US$673/t)
USA
83%
697,657 t
US$540/t
Chinese ceramic
proppant export
markets
Source: based on ITC data; HS code 691490
articles of ceramics not elsewhere specified
27. Why the interest in China?
Major world exporter ceramic proppants
USA
83%
697,657 t
US$540/t
China Ceramic Proppant (Guizhou) Ltd,
Xiuwen, Guizhou in Bakken, N Dakota
M/V Macuru Arrow at the Port of
Olympia, WA, unloading bagged
ceramic proppants
28. Why the interest in China?
Major world exporter ceramic proppants
Hebei Haihua Petroleum Proppants
exports bulk and containerised
proppants from Tianjin
29. Why the interest in China?
Major world exporter ceramic proppants
Source: based on ITC data; HS code 691490
articles of ceramics not elsewhere specified
Sharp rise in Chinese proppant
exports to emerging unconventional
oil and gas drilling regions
30. Why the interest in China?
US rig activity & Chinese proppant US exports
Source: Baker Hughes; ITC; HS code 691490 articles of ceramics not elsewhere specified
92
866
443
1,103
698 698
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Vertical Horizontal
Directional Chinese proppant exports to US
Linear (Chinese proppant exports to US)
Increasing horizontal drilling & proppant imports
Baker
Hughes
Rig
Count
avg./yr
Chineseceramicproppantexports(‘000stonnes)
63%29%
Source: based on ITC data; HS code 691490
articles of ceramics not elsewhere specified
VERTICAL
HORIZONTAL
DIRECTIONAL
31. China’s ceramic proppants
Proppant terminology in China
Tao Li
Tao ceramic
Li granule
“Taoli sand”
“Ceramsite sand”
“oil fracturing support agent”
32. China’s ceramic proppants
Producers located near bauxite sources
Primary
centres of
production:
Henan
Shanxi
Guizhou
Hebei
Sichuan
Total capacity
54 plants
4.2m tpa*
End-2013
~100 plants
65% <50k tpa
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
34. China’s ceramic proppants
China’s bauxite grades for proppants
Source: Xinmi Wanli Ceramic Proppant
Raw Material Alumina (Al2O3) content Grade
Raw bauxite ≥75% Super
73-75% First Class
70-73% Second Class
68-70% Third Class
Calcined
bauxite
≥83% Super
80-83% First Class
76-80% Second Class
35. China’s ceramic proppants
China’s bauxite grades for proppants
Source: Yu Feng Ceramic Proppant
Oxides Content
Al2O3 55.0-71.0%
SiO2 7.0-16.0%
TiO2 2.5-3.8%
Fe2O3 1.5-19%
MgO <1.0%
CaO <1.0%
Yu Feng Ceramic Proppant
Bauxite sourced from western Henan province
Additives:
TiO2 improves agglomeration, reduces temperature, saves energy
Chromite creates crystal bond, enhances hardness
Magnetite/Boronincreases strength and acid solubility
Manganese lowers temperature
36. China’s ceramic proppants
Production sector capacity structure
Mainly medium-small
capacity producers
~85-100 plants
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
37. China’s ceramic proppants
Production sector capacity structure
Provincial breakdown
(‘000s tpa)
• 54 plants researched
(work in progress)
• 4.2m tpa total capacity
• Henan 41%
• Others: Fujian,
Helongjiang, Inner
Mongolia, Jiangsu,
Sha’anxi, Shandong,
Tianjin
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
38. China’s ceramic proppants
CP production proximal to bauxite sources
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
CP provincial production China bauxite reserve distribution
39. China’s ceramic proppants
13 producers >100,000 tpa capacity
Company name Plant location
Henan Tianxiang Group Gongyi, Henan
Hebei Haihua Petroleum Proppants Co. Ltd* Hebei, Tianjin,
Shanxi
Xinmei Wanli Industry Development Co. Ltd Xinmi, Henan
Shanxi Yangquan Rainbow Oil Fracturing Support Agent
Co.
Yangquan, Shanxi
Jiaozuo Fanghua Ceramics Co. Ltd. Jiaozuo, Henan
Yixing Orient Petroleum Proppant Co. Ltd Yixing, Jiangsu
Zhengzhou Yongtai Ceramic Proppant Co. Ltd Liuhe, Henan
China Gengsheng Minerals Inc. Gongyi, Henan
Xinyang Hualong Minerals Co. Ltd Xinyang, Henan
China Ceramic Proppant* Yangquan, Shanxi,
Xiuwen, Guizhou
Zhengzhou, Henan
Chengdu, Sichuan
Shanxi Luanqu County Gangyu Proppant Co. Ltd Luanqu, Shanxi
Sanmenxia Fangyuan Industry Co. Ltd Sanmenxia, Henan
Guizhou Xinyineng Fracture Proppant Co. Ltd Xiuwen, Guizhou
* Multiple plants in different provinces
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
40. China’s ceramic proppants
Henan province
Henan province
• 1,718,000 tpa
• Plant capacity range:
7 x >100,000 tpa
4 x 50-100,000 tpa
7 x <50,000 tpa
• Main producing areas:
Gongyi
Zhengzhou
host bauxite mines
and calcination
plants, and important
alumina plants
• Zhengzhou
Gongyi
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
41. China’s ceramic proppants
Shanxi province
Shanxi province
• 980,000 tpa
• Plant capacity range
2 x >100,000 tpa
7 x 50-100,000 tpa
3 x <50,000 tpa
• 30% proppant exports
• Main producing areas:
Yangquan
Xiaoyi
host bauxite mines
and calcination
plants
• Yangquan
• Xiaoyi
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
42. China’s ceramic proppants
Guizhou province
• Xiuwen
Guizhou province
• 450,000 tpa
• Plant capacity range:
1 x >100,000 tpa
3 x 50-100,000 tpa
3 x <50,000 tpa
• Main producing area:
Xiuwen
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
43. China’s ceramic proppants
Hebei province
Hebei province
• 360,000 tpa
• Plant capacity range:
4 x 50-100,000 tpa
• Main producing areas:
Shijiazhuan
Handan
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
• Shijiazhuang
• Handan
44. China’s ceramic proppants
Sichuan province
• Guanghan
• Chengdu
Sichuan province
• 130,000 tpa
• Main producing areas:
Guanghan
Chengdu
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
45. China’s ceramic proppants
Supply sector observations
• Raw material feedstock = bauxite; 75-85% Al2O3
• Grades based on bulk density, particle size, crush resistance
can be dark, grey, and yellow in colour.
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
• Mixture of captive bauxite sources and purchased bauxite
• Most CP producers developed from mid-late 2000s
• Increasing interest from bauxite producers/processors
to pursue CP market, domestic and overseas
• North America targeted as major export market; distribution companies
established in US allied to Chinese CP producers.
• Several major producers looking to make major expansions
to >100,000 tpa and >200,000 tpa
• Although proved to be inferior (and lower cost) to established
US CP grades, Chinese processing methods and equipment improving
49. China’s ceramic proppants
Ceramic proppant grades
Bulk density range
Bulk Density g/cm3 (SG)
Ultra low density <1.6 (<2.6)
Low density ≤1.65 (2.65)
Intermediate density >1.65 - ≤1.80 (2.6-3.0)
High density >1.80 (>3.3)
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
51. China’s ceramic proppants
Ceramic proppant grades
Crush resistance range
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
Mpa psi
52 7500
69 10000
86 12500
102 15000
52. China’s ceramic proppants
Leading producer profile
Hebei Haihua Petroleum Proppants Co. Ltd
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
• Established 2005; affiliated to Haihua
Industry Group
• production bases in Hebei, Shanxi, and
Tianjin
• 250,000-350,000 tpa production capacity
• high, medium, low density CP in 12/18,
16/30 20/40 30/50 sizes
• exports to Russia, Kazakhstan, North
America, India
53. China’s ceramic proppants
Leading producer profile
Gongyi Tianxiang Refractory Materials Co. Ltd
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
• Established 2001
• Zhulin, Gonyi, Henan
• 300,000 tpa capacity
• 8 rotary kilns
• high, medium, low density CP
in 20/40, 30/50, 40/70 sizes
• exports to Russia, USA, Australia
54. China’s ceramic proppants
Leading producer profile
Xinmi Wanli Industry Development Co. Ltd
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
• Established 2002 for proppants
• QuliangXinmi, Zhengzhou, Henan
• 210,000 tpa capacity
• 4 rotary kilns
• 6 production lines
• high, medium, low density CP
in wide range 6/12 to 70/140 sizes
• Distributor Zhengzhou Top Trading
Co. Ltd; >60% output exported to
Argentina, Brazil, Canada
Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, USA
55. China’s ceramic proppants
Leading producer profile
Luoyang Maide Ceramics Co. Ltd
* research in progress
Source: IM Research
• Established 2011
• Luoyang, Henan
• 50,000 tpa capacity
• Ultra low-high density grades;
2012 for USA developed non-
radioactive traceable & 40/80
slickwater grades
• 2014 expect to double capacity
with new production line
68. Potential market demand
China’s shale gas development status
Challenges
• Perceived as much promise, but little action so far
• Only 130-150 wells drilled; 30m cm shale gas 2013 (US: 225bn cm/year)
• Only one commercially developed and producing well
• Complex geology: numerous faults; steep dips; tectonic activity; hard rock
formations; shale oil formations clay-rich = less favourable for fracking
• High H2S, CO2 in places
• Deep target formations: eg. Sichuan, Junggar, 3-4,000m, moderately to
highly overpressurised
69. Potential market demand
China’s shale gas development status
Challenges
• Water scarcity
• Mountainous terrain; high density land use
• Lack of pipeline infrastructure
• Overambitious government targets: 12th Five Year Plan - 6.5 bcm 2015,
>60 bcm 2020
• Dominated by NOCs reluctant to pursue shale gas; poor shale auctions
• Lack of established regulation for exploration and investment
• “Considerable” work required to define “sweet spots” and develop and grow
drilling and fracturing service sector
70. Potential market demand
China’s shale gas development status
Opportunity
• China hosts largest technically recoverable shale gas resources: 1,337 tcf
“too big to ignore”, with some of the best source rocks to rival USA
• South China basins: Sichuan analogous to Marcellus shale, PA, USA;
abundant water, near cities, existing pipelines
• Tarim, Junggar, Songliao basins also have good potential
• 2012 CNPC/Shell Luzhou, Sichuan well flow 15m cf/d – better than US wells
• CBM production emerging in Ordos and Qinshi basins
71. Potential market demand
China’s shale gas development status
Opportunity
• Ambitious government targets: 12th Five Year Plan - 6.5 bcm 2015,
>60 bcm 2020
• Serious drive to move away from coal power – strategic impetus
• Shale gas and CBM designated stand alone mineral categories:
favourable fiscal and tax policies
• NOC inactivity = foreign investment opportunity for NOC j-vs eg. Shell,
ExxonMobile, Hess, Chevron, Total, Eni, BP, Dart eg. with CNPC, Sinopec
• Oilfield service majors interest: Halliburton, Schlumberger
• Lack of regulation a chance for overseas investors to shape development
• Dart Energy: “no trouble finding frack rigs…China ahead of the curve”
72. Potential market demand
Asia Pacific shale gas & oil potential
IEA: SEA energy demand
to increase by 80% to 2035 96.3, 5%
46.5, 3%
4.4, 0%
5.4, 0%105.2, 6%
436.7, 24%
1115.1, 62%
Australia
China
India
Indonesia
Mongolia
Pakistan
Thailand
3.7, 5%
7.94, 11%
3.4, 5%
9.09, 12%
32.18, 43%
17.49, 24%
Shale gas (tcf)
Shale oil (bbo)
Source: EIA June 2013
73. Potential market demand
World proppant demand growth
World demand for well stimulation materials projected to increase
>12% p.a. to over 65m tonnes 2017, $23bn
2007 2012 2017 Annual growth %
‘000s tonnes 2007-12 2012-17
USA 7,582 28,630 48,240 30.4 11.0
Canada 1,669 4,162 8,930 20.1 16.5
China 316 1,373 2,585 34.2 13.5
Russia 560 1,074 2,155 13.9 14.9
Other 713 1,544 3,310 16.7 16.5
World 10,840 36,783 65,220 27.7 12.1
Source: Freedonia 2013
76. Potential market demand
US proppant market growth
Source: Halliburton 2013
Drivers: eg. Woodford, TX
More proppant used per well
(avg. lbs/well)
39% increase 2006-2012
to 2,300,000 lbs/well
(1,150 s. tons, 1,043 tonnes)
Elsewhere can be up to
6,000,000 lbs/well
(3,000 s.tons, 2,721 tonnes)
77. Drivers: eg. Woodford, TX
More proppants per frac stage
65.5% increase 2005-2013
to 271,506 lbs/stage
(135.7 s. tons, 123.1 tonnes)
Potential market demand
US proppant market growth
Source: Halliburton 2013
78. Potential market demand
Chinese shale gas development outlook
Drivers:
China’s energy demand
Shift to shale, tight, CBM
Shale gas
Standard Chartered Research Sept. 2013:
expect shale gas output in China to grow 85%
p.a. during 2015-2020 to reach 61bn cm 2020…
shale gas will account for 15% of China’s total
gas supply in 2020, and 30% in 2030
80. Conclusions
• China’s shale gas market is beginning to take off
• Avg. 100 wells required to prove a shale gas field
est. 100-275,000 tonnes proppant = considerable demand potential
est. 2-5.5 million tonnes proppant for 2,000 wells drilled in 2019
• Asia Pacific regional unconventional resource development
emerging – Australia, Indonesia, India
• China’s deeper and high presssure shale targets favour CP
• Chinese CP sector modernising and expanding with local sources
of bauxite – possible domestic competition with other bauxite users
• Lower cost Chinese CP may encourage use of Chinese CP
over frac sand (owing to superior peformance) and other CP sources
• Outside China, there are relatively few CP producers – there are none
in Asia Pacific…yet
81. Conclusions
Watch list:
• Evolution of Chinese
proppant export market
• Impact of domestic market
growth on CP exports – export reduction?
• Impact on CP competitors – opportunity or threat?
Australia
South America
Middle East
Europe
North America
Thailand
Indonesia
India
Central Asia
82. Conclusions
Petroleum Economist January 2014
“After a slow start, a new phase in global unconventional gas is
beginning. With 7,300 tcf to be exploited, only a brave man would
bet against the emergence of a truly global shale gas industry”
Journal of Petroleum Technology February 2014
“The AP region is on cusp of change
that will have implications both
regionally and worldwide”
International Energy Agency Q4 2013
“The centre of gravity of the global
energy system is shifting towards Asia”
83. Conclusions
• We are entering a new era of bauxite application in
ceramic proppant manufacture
• This will have a strong base in the Asia Pacific
region, led by China and Australia, and later followed
by the Middle East and South America
Thank you