1. Around 80% of existing hospitals in China need to be rebuilt over the next 10 years due to outdated designs that lack safety considerations.
2. Virtually all 300 Centers for Disease Control in China above the prefecture level will need to be reconstructed in the next 3-5 years, as most are still using conventional office buildings not designed for healthcare.
3. China's healthcare construction market has grown rapidly over the past decade but challenges remain, including uneven resource distribution and high costs. The market is expected to continue strong growth as China works to improve its healthcare system.
An overview of the China healthcare market, its structure, trends in reform and growth drivers and constraints. Key challenges to participating in China healthcare are highlighted as are best practices of successful foreign companies playing in China healthcare.
Burson-Marsteller China and Kantar Health jointly released a piece of research on healthcare and wellness trends in China. The survey was organized through an online questionnaire involving 1,000 consumers across tier 1 and 2 cities in China. Over 50% of the respondents, aged 26 and older, were college graduates, and over 70% were professionals and mid-to-high level executives.
The Promise & Peril of China's Healthcare Reforms - February 2014Benjamin Shobert
Mr. Shobert kicked off the event by talking about China’s priorities in the early 1980’s, which then only consisted of massive economic development plans. Shobert discussed how China, like America during the industrial revolution, compromised their personal health for economic wealth. He then spoke about China’s foreign direct investment life cycle. He explained that foreign companies in China are welcomed
when needed, but are eventually shown the door when domestic counterparts are able to replace them.
According to Shobert, this phenomenon has been happening since the medieval days of Chinese emperors and dynasties.
Mr. Shobert extensively talked about the promise of China’s healthcare economy. He talked about the billions of dollars spent by the Chinese on healthcare every year, and he showed a survey that explained how the Chinese value healthcare spending above anything else. He discussed the geographic differences of China, which is one of the biggest countries in the world and the home to 1.3 billion people. He then highlighted how motivated the government is in seeking the best healthcare for all their people.
Shobert also talked about the perils and the challenges of China’s healthcare economy. Initially, he gave generalized comments regarding business laws not being implemented and applied to local companies. He highlighted how global pharmaceutical companies are coping with this disadvantage, and he also touched based on the challenges of building a medical staff/team in China.
Towards the end his speech, Mr. Shobert emphasized the expectations of the Chinese economy. He said he believed that the glory days in the 1990’s and early 2000’s of double digit growth every year have passed, and we could expect China to grow “only” at around 7.5% of its GDP per year.
Nevertheless, he reminded everybody that China is still a land of massive growth, and that big opportunities remain for
companies seeking to do business there.
Washington State Life Science Business Investment Mission to China - October ...Benjamin Shobert
Rubicon Strategy Group has been facilitating a round of meetings in Beijing and Shanghai for Washington state life-science and medical device companies. Our kick-off presentation to the group follows.
An overview of the China healthcare market, its structure, trends in reform and growth drivers and constraints. Key challenges to participating in China healthcare are highlighted as are best practices of successful foreign companies playing in China healthcare.
Burson-Marsteller China and Kantar Health jointly released a piece of research on healthcare and wellness trends in China. The survey was organized through an online questionnaire involving 1,000 consumers across tier 1 and 2 cities in China. Over 50% of the respondents, aged 26 and older, were college graduates, and over 70% were professionals and mid-to-high level executives.
The Promise & Peril of China's Healthcare Reforms - February 2014Benjamin Shobert
Mr. Shobert kicked off the event by talking about China’s priorities in the early 1980’s, which then only consisted of massive economic development plans. Shobert discussed how China, like America during the industrial revolution, compromised their personal health for economic wealth. He then spoke about China’s foreign direct investment life cycle. He explained that foreign companies in China are welcomed
when needed, but are eventually shown the door when domestic counterparts are able to replace them.
According to Shobert, this phenomenon has been happening since the medieval days of Chinese emperors and dynasties.
Mr. Shobert extensively talked about the promise of China’s healthcare economy. He talked about the billions of dollars spent by the Chinese on healthcare every year, and he showed a survey that explained how the Chinese value healthcare spending above anything else. He discussed the geographic differences of China, which is one of the biggest countries in the world and the home to 1.3 billion people. He then highlighted how motivated the government is in seeking the best healthcare for all their people.
Shobert also talked about the perils and the challenges of China’s healthcare economy. Initially, he gave generalized comments regarding business laws not being implemented and applied to local companies. He highlighted how global pharmaceutical companies are coping with this disadvantage, and he also touched based on the challenges of building a medical staff/team in China.
Towards the end his speech, Mr. Shobert emphasized the expectations of the Chinese economy. He said he believed that the glory days in the 1990’s and early 2000’s of double digit growth every year have passed, and we could expect China to grow “only” at around 7.5% of its GDP per year.
Nevertheless, he reminded everybody that China is still a land of massive growth, and that big opportunities remain for
companies seeking to do business there.
Washington State Life Science Business Investment Mission to China - October ...Benjamin Shobert
Rubicon Strategy Group has been facilitating a round of meetings in Beijing and Shanghai for Washington state life-science and medical device companies. Our kick-off presentation to the group follows.
STATUS OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN INDIA (2010)Ruby Med Plus
Research is well-established on a national level, especially essential national Health research (ENHR), with the Indian Council of Medical Research identifying the priority areas. However, the main users of these research findings are academics and researchers. In India, for commissioned research, there is a direct channel of communication between Health care researchers and policymakers. For non-commissioned research the channels of dissemination to policymakers are less clear and more varied, as dissemination of noncommissioned research is limited to academic channels (e.g. papers in peer-reviewed journals or presentations at conferences). The direct dissemination of noncommissioned research at central government level is available to a range of policymakers by distribution of a research report or inviting key policymakers and other stakeholders to a dissemination workshop often less intensively. Another Major constraint, policymakers may not fully understand how to use research to support policy formation as policymakers may not have the ability to evaluate the quality of a research study, difference between qualitative and quantitative research or to interpret research findings, thus experience difficulties in incorporating research findings into policy development for health care programs, which may lead to the failure to translate research into policy or to extraneous conclusions drawn from research results.
An Introduction of Healthcare Market in ChinaZiqian WANG
A research on healthcare market in China covering topics including an introduction of Public Hospital System, Chinese Physicians' Work Condition and Salaries, as well as Continued Medical Education system.
This is a report about Indian Health care industry and How different sectors like Hospitals, Pharmacy and Diagnostics industry are growing. What are the new government policies that are implemented for Health care sector in India.
Determinants and Impact of Household's Out-Of–Pocket Healthcare Expenditure i...Economic Research Forum
Ebaidalla Mahjoub Ebaidalla - University of Khartoum
Mohammed Elhaj Mustafa - University of Kassala
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Go-to-Market Strategy: Launching a Diabetes Treatment in ChinaKristy Burton
Complete go-to-market strategy for launching an endoscopic diabetes treatment in China. Presentation includes landscape assessment and strategic analysis of the diabetes treatment market in China.
http://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/hits/myanmar_pns1_en.pdf
What are the challenges facing Myanmar in progressing towards Universal Health Coverage?
https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/challenges-impede-development-of-myanmars-public-health.html
Challenges Impede Development of Myanmar’s Public Health
https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/capacity-building-in-public-health-for-development/document/health-sector-reforms-myanmar-giving-more-space-public-health-interventions-ncds
Health Sector Reforms in Myanmar, giving more space for public health interventions for NCDs
Roadmap for Universal Health Care. FDR, PHFI, and Loksatta are convening a Roundtable of experts, thinkers and practitioners to have a purposive dialogue and help evolve a viable, effective model of universal healthcare delivery in India
Haryana 2014/15 State Health Accounts: Main ReportHFG Project
This report presents the findings and policy implications of Haryana’s first Health Accounts (HA) estimation, for fiscal year April 2014 through March 2015. The estimation was conducted using the most recent Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) framework, which was updated in 2011. HA capture spending from all sources: central- and state-level governments, non-governmental organizations, external donors, private employers, insurance companies, and households. The analysis breaks down spending into the standard classifications defined by the SHA 2011 framework, namely, sources of financing, financing schemes, financing agent, type of provider, type of activity, and disease/ health condition.
STATUS OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN INDIA (2010)Ruby Med Plus
Research is well-established on a national level, especially essential national Health research (ENHR), with the Indian Council of Medical Research identifying the priority areas. However, the main users of these research findings are academics and researchers. In India, for commissioned research, there is a direct channel of communication between Health care researchers and policymakers. For non-commissioned research the channels of dissemination to policymakers are less clear and more varied, as dissemination of noncommissioned research is limited to academic channels (e.g. papers in peer-reviewed journals or presentations at conferences). The direct dissemination of noncommissioned research at central government level is available to a range of policymakers by distribution of a research report or inviting key policymakers and other stakeholders to a dissemination workshop often less intensively. Another Major constraint, policymakers may not fully understand how to use research to support policy formation as policymakers may not have the ability to evaluate the quality of a research study, difference between qualitative and quantitative research or to interpret research findings, thus experience difficulties in incorporating research findings into policy development for health care programs, which may lead to the failure to translate research into policy or to extraneous conclusions drawn from research results.
An Introduction of Healthcare Market in ChinaZiqian WANG
A research on healthcare market in China covering topics including an introduction of Public Hospital System, Chinese Physicians' Work Condition and Salaries, as well as Continued Medical Education system.
This is a report about Indian Health care industry and How different sectors like Hospitals, Pharmacy and Diagnostics industry are growing. What are the new government policies that are implemented for Health care sector in India.
Determinants and Impact of Household's Out-Of–Pocket Healthcare Expenditure i...Economic Research Forum
Ebaidalla Mahjoub Ebaidalla - University of Khartoum
Mohammed Elhaj Mustafa - University of Kassala
ERF Workshop on The Economics of Healthcare in the ERF Region
Cairo, Egypt - May 23, 2016
www.erf.org.eg
Go-to-Market Strategy: Launching a Diabetes Treatment in ChinaKristy Burton
Complete go-to-market strategy for launching an endoscopic diabetes treatment in China. Presentation includes landscape assessment and strategic analysis of the diabetes treatment market in China.
http://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/hits/myanmar_pns1_en.pdf
What are the challenges facing Myanmar in progressing towards Universal Health Coverage?
https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/challenges-impede-development-of-myanmars-public-health.html
Challenges Impede Development of Myanmar’s Public Health
https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/capacity-building-in-public-health-for-development/document/health-sector-reforms-myanmar-giving-more-space-public-health-interventions-ncds
Health Sector Reforms in Myanmar, giving more space for public health interventions for NCDs
Roadmap for Universal Health Care. FDR, PHFI, and Loksatta are convening a Roundtable of experts, thinkers and practitioners to have a purposive dialogue and help evolve a viable, effective model of universal healthcare delivery in India
Haryana 2014/15 State Health Accounts: Main ReportHFG Project
This report presents the findings and policy implications of Haryana’s first Health Accounts (HA) estimation, for fiscal year April 2014 through March 2015. The estimation was conducted using the most recent Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) framework, which was updated in 2011. HA capture spending from all sources: central- and state-level governments, non-governmental organizations, external donors, private employers, insurance companies, and households. The analysis breaks down spending into the standard classifications defined by the SHA 2011 framework, namely, sources of financing, financing schemes, financing agent, type of provider, type of activity, and disease/ health condition.
In this presentation to some of the United States largest medical device manufacturers; many whom were eager to enter this seemingly insatiable market, we demonstrated some of the key risks and corresponding potential rewards of this awakening giant. Specifically we highlighted;
* The size and structure of the market
* Key growth drivers, including government-directed
initiatives from the healthcare reform and the 12th Five
Year Plan
* Companies in the market – international and domestic
and the lessons learned from their efforts to expand
geographically beyond the Tier 1-2 coastal hubs
* The immense economic and healthcare infrastructure
differences across China, and how that impacts the
companies’ go-to-market decisions and the surgeon and
patient product preferences
* Some key operational and regulatory constraints and
considerations in what is often an opaque operating
environment
* Some of the strategies embedded firms are utilising as
they move "Westward"
Study conducted in 2006
Abstract
The study aims to estimate health spending in Karnataka, the primary focus being health spending on the elderly (above 60 years of age).There are different sources of funds for health expenditure,including the State and Central governments, foreign funds, household expenditure, public and private firms and Non-Government Organizations(NGOs). A part of the expenditure by the government is undertaken under the Central Government Health Scheme(CGHS) and the
Employee State Insurance Scheme(ESIS).
The use of the different sources have been classified by provider, namely hospitals, primary health centres, sub-centres, NGO hospitals, charitable institutions, traditional providers, etc; and function, namely inpatient and outpatient care, self-treatment, communicable diseases control, health promotion, etc. The study also shows the expenditure on the elderly covered in public and private firms under different medical care schemes, including in-house medical facilities.
Vietnam Medical Device Industry 2009 - www.solidiance.comSolidiance
Solidiance shares its view on the fast growing Medical devices industry in Vietnam. Solidiance estimates the market to be worth USD 280 millions in 2009 and to double in size by 2017. Despite strong foreseeable sustained growth, the Vietnam healthcare market is no easy play and tailored marketing strategies are required.
China: Opportunities and Hot-Spots in the MedTech (Medical Device), Pharmaceu...L.E.K. Consulting
In this presentation, Dr Neale Jones, Partner, L.E.K. Consulting Australia explores the "Opportunities and hot spots for Australian companies in China". This presentation aims to assist Australian companies in the life science industry in entering the China market. This was first presented at the Australia China Life Sciences Summit in Sydney Australia in February 2014.
The 10 Elements of Art1. Color2. Form3. Line4. Mass5. S.docxtodd801
The 10 Elements of Art:
1. Color
2. Form
3. Line
4. Mass
5. Shape
6. Space
7. Texture
8. Time and Motion
9. Value
10. Volume
The 10 Principles of Art:
1. Balance
2. Contrast
3. Emphasis
4. Focal Point
5. Pattern
6. Proportion
7. Rhythm
8. Scale
9. Unity
10. Variety
1
IN T R O D U C T I O N
This comprehensive case study serves as a basis for the exercises included throughout the
book.
Coastal Medical Center (CMC) is a licensed, 450-bed regional referral hospital
providing a full range of services. The primary service area is a coastal city and three coun-
ties, with a total population greater than 995,000, located in the Sunbelt. This tricounty
area has had one of the fastest population growth rates in the country for the past five
years. According to the local health planning council, the tricounty population is projected
to increase by 15 percent from 2015 to 2020. Appendix A, at the end of this case study,
provides detailed population statistics for the city and tricounty area.
The population growth rate for households (families) has been 1 to 2 percentage
points higher than the overall population growth. The growth rate of the population under
age 44 shows a young and growing community. Per capita (i.e., per person) income in the
tricounty area is high and increasing. As the population of the tricounty area increases, the
need for healthcare services is anticipated to increase. The area’s economy is largely supported
by manufacturing, with service companies and agriculture accounting for another 35 percent.
Unemployment is typically 6 percent. The overall poverty rate is 12.4 percent. A recent study
revealed that 40,000 city residents are below 125 percent of the established federal poverty level.
HE A LT H C A R E CO S T S
Healthcare costs in the region are high in comparison to healthcare costs in most other
areas in the state. In response to what they feel are excessively high healthcare costs, county
C O A S TA L M E D I C A L C E N T E R
C O M P R E H E N S I V E C A S E
S T U D Y
00_Harrison (2302).indb 1 2/18/16 4:12 PM10/12/2018 - RS0000000000000000000000574903 (Baylee Soper) - Essentials of Strategic Planning
in Healthcare
2 E s s e n t i a l s o f S t r a t e g i c P l a n n i n g i n H e a l t h c a r e
businesses recently formed a business coalition, hired a full-time executive, and publicly
stated their intent to achieve reduction in healthcare costs. The local press has expressed its
concern about the high cost of healthcare in the local community and consistently bashes
the area’s hospitals and physicians. The coalition refused to allow the three major medical
centers in the area to join, despite the fact that each is a major employer.
TH E CO M P E T I T I O N
CMC has two major competitors. Johnson Medical Center (JMC) is the larger of a two-
hospital for-profit healthcare system, and Lutheran Medical Center (LMC) is the larger of
a two-hospital, faith-based not-for-pro.
This presentation is about Healthcare delivery system in China which includes, the demographic features of China and India, how the China's healthcare started with the historical background, Its health reforms, and the newly formed health infrastructure and the programs. Download the powerpoint to visualize the animation included in the slide.
1IN T R O D U C T I O NThis comprehensive case study ser.docxdrennanmicah
1
IN T R O D U C T I O N
This comprehensive case study serves as a basis for the exercises included throughout the
book.
Coastal Medical Center (CMC) is a licensed, 450-bed regional referral hospital
providing a full range of services. The primary service area is a coastal city and three coun-
ties, with a total population greater than 995,000, located in the Sunbelt. This tricounty
area has had one of the fastest population growth rates in the country for the past five
years. According to the local health planning council, the tricounty population is projected
to increase by 15 percent from 2015 to 2020. Appendix A, at the end of this case study,
provides detailed population statistics for the city and tricounty area.
The population growth rate for households (families) has been 1 to 2 percentage
points higher than the overall population growth. The growth rate of the population under
age 44 shows a young and growing community. Per capita (i.e., per person) income in the
tricounty area is high and increasing. As the population of the tricounty area increases, the
need for healthcare services is anticipated to increase. The area’s economy is largely supported
by manufacturing, with service companies and agriculture accounting for another 35 percent.
Unemployment is typically 6 percent. The overall poverty rate is 12.4 percent. A recent study
revealed that 40,000 city residents are below 125 percent of the established federal poverty level.
HE A LT H C A R E CO S T S
Healthcare costs in the region are high in comparison to healthcare costs in most other
areas in the state. In response to what they feel are excessively high healthcare costs, county
C O A S TA L M E D I C A L C E N T E R
C O M P R E H E N S I V E C A S E
S T U D Y
00_Harrison (2302).indb 1 2/18/16 4:12 PM10/12/2018 - RS0000000000000000000000574903 (Baylee Soper) - Essentials of Strategic Planning
in Healthcare
2 E s s e n t i a l s o f S t r a t e g i c P l a n n i n g i n H e a l t h c a r e
businesses recently formed a business coalition, hired a full-time executive, and publicly
stated their intent to achieve reduction in healthcare costs. The local press has expressed its
concern about the high cost of healthcare in the local community and consistently bashes
the area’s hospitals and physicians. The coalition refused to allow the three major medical
centers in the area to join, despite the fact that each is a major employer.
TH E CO M P E T I T I O N
CMC has two major competitors. Johnson Medical Center (JMC) is the larger of a two-
hospital for-profit healthcare system, and Lutheran Medical Center (LMC) is the larger of
a two-hospital, faith-based not-for-profit healthcare system.
JMC is located less than two miles from CMC and is a 430-bed tertiary care facility.
JMC owns four nursing homes, two assisted living facilities, a durable medical equipment
company, a wellness center, an ambulance service, and an industrial medic.
Similar to China Healthcare Construction Market 2005 (20)
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pharma Pcd Franchise in Jharkhand - Yodley Lifesciences
China Healthcare Construction Market 2005
1. China’ s Healthcare Construction Market
This report covers the healthcare construction market for mainland China excluding
Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. As there are little statistics available for this market,
numbers used in this report are estimates from the official statistics of the Ministry of
Health, combined with numbers from our research and analysis through press articles,
meetings and interviews with healthcare professionals.
SUMMARY
China’ s investment in hospital construction has increased by about 20% annually
during the past decade. In 2003, China spent RMB28 billion from national revenue in
the construction of healthcare facilities. But when taking spending from local revenue
into account, medical professionals believe that China’s yearly investments in health
construction should range from RMB 60 to 70 billion. Despite its increasing heavy
financial input, China’s healthcare system till falls far behind the world’s standards.
China today has 18,396 hospitals with 2.4 beds per thousand people. With 1.3 billion
people accounting for 22% of world's population, China only has about 2% of world's
total medical resources.
Having learned a bitter lesson from 2003 SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)
epidemic, China has been committed a greater amount of expenditure to improving its
healthcare infrastructure. Given most hospitals being built before with outdated design
and lack of safety consideration, it is expected that 80% of China’s existing hospitals
need to be reconstructed over the next 10 years. In addition, China’s 300 Centers of
disease control (CDC) at or above the prefectural level are facing the same situation
and will have to be rebuilt within the next 3-5 years. Thus, the development
momentum for China’s healthcare construction should continue to remain strong. With
priorities given to infectious disease control, emergency medical rescue and treatment,
women, children, and mental health, and treatment of chronic diseases, this market will
present ample opportunities for U.S. healthcare facilities design and engineering firms,
medical equipment suppliers, and medical service provider or investors.
I. CURRENT MARKET SITUATION
1. 80% of Existing Hospitals in China needs to be rebuilt
Under the past centralized planning system, like most other social welfare facilities,
virtually all China' s hospitals were invested, owned, and run by the government or
state- owned business entities. Until 2000, China completed 16318 hospitals, of which
most were built during 1950s and 1990s (see Table 1) with common defects in design
and engineering. Major defects are characterized by incomplete functional layout, little
2. consideration of hospital safety systems, lack of environmental friendly concept,
deficiency in patient first philosophy, and poor installation and use of medical
equipment, and hospital management system. Many foreign hospital designers pointed
out, hospitals with such shortcomings are far too outdated to effectively help combat
emergency medical crisis and safeguard people’s life.
In the wake of 2003 SARS outbreak, the Chinese government at all levels came to
realize the importance of upgrading its healthcare system. In the next 10 years, it is
projected that 80% of the Chinese hospitals have to gradually undergo a restructuring
process by ways of rebuilding, expansion, and relocation.
Table 1: Number of Hospitals in China, 1950-2004
1950 1980 1990 2000 2003 2004
Type/Year
General 2,692 7,859 10,424 11,872 12,599 12,902
Hospitals
TCM Hospitals 4 678 2,080 2,591 2,518 2,610
Specialized 85 694 1,362 1,543 2,271 2,494
Hospitals
Hospitals in Total 2,803 9,902 14,377 16,318 17,764 18,396
Medical Inst. In 8,915 180,553 208,734 324,771 291,323 296,492
Total
Source: Ministry of Health, PRC
Note: TCM – Traditional Chinese Medicine
2. Virtually All Centers of Disease Control in China Have to Be Reconstructed
By 2004, China had a total of 3586 centers of disease control and prevention (CDC)
nationwide with 300 at and above the prefecture level. Historically, almost all CDCs
used to be named epidemic prevention stations. Their major functions were to keep the
Chinese people healthy through cleaning the environment and eliminating four major
pests (rats, mosquitoes, flies, and cock-roaches). Before 1980s, these CDCs received
little attention and funding from central and local government.
During 1980s and 1990s, CDC’s major role was gradually shifted and expanded to a
broader range. Their main responsibilities included prevention and control
communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), sexually transmitted
diseases (STD), and viral hepatitis B, etc. Although China began stressing the
importance of public health and intensified its input during this period, many CDCs’
working environment was still far below standards. A vast majority of them still used
conventional office buildings to perform their routine work. Most of these buildings
were not even designed or intended as healthcare facilities, let alone were given into
account the issues of cross contamination and safety assurance for CDC healthcare
3. workers.
After 2003 SARS crisis, the Chinese government has been driven to accelerate the
construction pace for public health system. This system will include emergency
alarming, reporting, and responding to epidemic contingencies. China presently has 4
centrally administered municipalities, 27 provincial capital cities, and 282 cities at the
prefecture levels. Within the next 3-5 years, China requires each of these 300 cities to
rebuild, or relocate their CDCs with necessary equipment to ensure safe working
environment and effective job performance. It is estimated that the construction of
these CDCs will cost RMB20-30 billion.
3. China’s Health Construction Market Grows Fast but Challenges Remain Tough
China’s investment in healthcare facilities registered a rapid expansion over the past 10
years. In 1995, China spent RMB7.3 billion from the national central revenue on
health construction sector. By 2003, this number rose to RMB28 billion (see Table 2
below), almost 4 times equal to that of 1995. As the expenditures from local
government of all levels are not included in these statistics, many healthcare insiders
believe that China’s total yearly investment should range between RMB60 billion to 70
billion, while some claimed this number to be exceeding RMB80 billion.
Despite its fast investment growth, China’s healthcare system is still far from
satisfactory. Among all types of medical institutions and medical specialists in China,
80% are allocated to urban areas serving 450-500 million citizens, while only 20% are
scarcely available for the 800-850 million rural residents. Outsiders could be
wondering about why this situation occurred. But insiders know well that has resulted
from the centralized planning system over the past 50 years. Under that system, policy
makers distributed medical resources without a careful feasibility study and
consideration of location and people’s needs. As a result, present Chinese healthcare
system is inevitably facing many challenges. Such challenges include poor quality of
hospital design and planning, uneven distribution of medical resources, difficulties for
many citizens to see doctors, high medical costs etc. As China now realizes the
drawbacks of this system and is trying to build a harmonious society through
improving healthcare system for every resident, the healthcare construction market
should continue to grow at the current rate.
Table 2: Funds and Construction Investment in Healthcare Sector 1995-2003
4. Funds Allocated to Healthcare Construction Investment in
Sector Healthcare Sector
% of State % of
100 Million Expenditures 100 Million Construction
Yuan Yuan Investment
1995 163.3 2.39 73.40
1996 187.57 2.36 86.65 1.01
1997 209.20 2.27 104.31 1.05
1998 225.10 2.08 141.67 1.19
1999 235.60 1.79 147.43 1.18
2000 272.17 1.71 152.89 1.14
2001 313.50 1.66 182.60 1.23
2002 350.44 1.59 231.50 1.31
2003 449.87 1.83 280.15 1.22
Source: Ministry of Health, PRC
II. MARKET PROSPECTS AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
1. Opportunities for U.S. Healthcare Facility Design and Engineering Firms
China’s fast growing hospital construction market should benefit U.S. design and
engineering firms. China built an average of 270 hospitals every year during 1950 and
2000 and 519 hospitals each year from 2000 to 2004. As SARS directly caused an
economic lost of RMB300 billion to China, which is partially attributed to the poor and
outdated design and planning of most existing healthcare facilities, the Chinese
government appropriated millions of dollars to upgrade its healthcare infrastructure.
Such new infrastructure projects will include more centers for disease control, more
hospitals for infectious disease, women, children, and mental health, and more
emergency life-saving units with the existing general and specialized hospitals.
In order to ensure the sustainable development of the Chinese healthcare system,
China is badly in need of adopting advanced and modern design concept from the
outside world. Therefore, opportunities should exist for U.S. healthcare facilities
design and engineering firms that are interested in this market. As the Chinese
economy is unevenly developed and a vast gap exists between coastal developed
regions and inland provinces, such opportunities are mainly concentrated on those
medium and large cities in coastal regions plus provincial capital cities in inland
provinces. In recent years, more and more Chinese hospital management executives
have shown willingness to consider or accept western design ideas. For instance,
several hospitals and CDCs in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan have
selected design firms from the U.S., France, Japan, and Germany as their partners for
their respective projects.
2. Promising Market for U.S. Medical Equipment Suppliers
5. China’s increasing needs for medical equipment from newly built healthcare facilities
should prove promising for U.S. medical equipment suppliers. Among the present
expenditures of RMB60-70 billion in healthcare facilities each year, proximately
25-35% are designated for procurement of medical equipment. Given the on-going
intense competition among hospitals, most newly built healthcare facilities have strong
desire to apply new, innovative, and technology intensive high-end medical equipment
in order to gain competitive advantages. Following is a partial list of potentially
targeted medical equipment for these new healthcare facilities:
Diagnostic imaging equipment
Surgical and therapeutic equipment or system
Equipment for emergency rescue and treatment
Biosafety laboratory equipment or instruments
Anti cross contamination equipment for critical care units (CCU), Intensive Care
Units (ICU), patient wards, emergency rooms, and operation rooms etc.
Centralized safety air conditioning and filtration system
Negative air flow system
Hospital information system and PACS etc.
Hospital materials flow and handling system
Testing instruments for food and environmental safety and occupational health
Rapid test instruments for communicable diseases
3) Market Potential for U.S. Medical Service Providers
China’s efforts to improve healthcare infrastructure and system will generate
opportunities for U.S. firms that are engaged in healthcare management, medical
logistic service, and healthcare facility investments. It has been well known that the
Chinese government has been trying various possible ways to improve its healthcare
service quality. Examples of these ways include encouraging foreign and domestic
private investments, allowing private businesses to take shares of state-owned
hospitals, contracting out hospital management services to foreign investors, and
permitting foreign investors to jointly operate clinics or departments within hospitals
by form of either equipment or capital investments.
The government’s above measures, intended to introduce competition, raise efficiency,
and limit fast rising medical costs, have been reported with preliminarily positive
results. For instance, in Foshan city of Guangdong, a general hospital allowed a
foreign investor to jointly run a diagnostic imaging unit, and contracted out its logistic
service to a foreign medical service provider. In Suzhou city of Jiangsu, public
hospitals invited tenders for hospital management service. In Zhejiang, private
investors have successfully purchased shares of 70 hospitals with a total of investment
of RMB10 billion. In Shanghai, several investors from the U.S. South Korea, and
Germany have started their joint venture hospitals. While a growing number of
6. Chinese private investors are showing interest in participating in China’s healthcare
reform, foreign investors seem to be more conservative. Among 290,000 medical
institutions of all types in China today, only 45 belong to Sino-foreign joint ventures
with a small number being classified as hospitals and a large majority being small
dental or eye clinics, health examination and nursing centers etc. Despite this situation,
it is still widely believed that foreign businesses should find more opportunities rather
than obstacles from the on-going expansion of China’s healthcare market.
III. MARKET ACCESS
U.S. companies, interested in participating in China’s healthcare facilities projects,
supplying medical equipment, setting up representative offices or joint ventures, or
offering medical services, should first familiarize themselves with the China’s current
regulations, relevant government regulatory agencies, and available information
resources.
1. China’s WTO commitments and Relevant Regulations
1) Distribution Service
According to China’s WTO commitments on distribution service, “foreign service
suppliers may establish joint ventures to engage in the commission agent’s business
and wholesale business of all imported and domestically produced products (with
some exceptions) in one year after China’s accession to the WTO”.
But in reality, US exporters may find it more effective and economical to use existing
Chinese distributors and their sales networks for product distribution in China. This is
especially true when it comes to medical devices that requires specialized knowledge
and service skills. The Commercial Service of U.S. Department of Commerce provides
various services to U.S. manufacturers or suppliers that are interested in finding
product distribution partners in China. Details about these services are available at our
Department of Commerce’s website: www.buyusa.gov .
2) Architecture Service
Based on China’s WTO commitments, “For cross border supply, cooperation with
Chinese professional organizations is required except scheme design. For commercial
presence, only in form of joint ventures with foreign majority ownership will be
permitted. Wholly foreign-owned enterprises are permitted in five years after China’s
accession to the WTO”.
3) Medical and Dental Service
As per China’s WTO commitments, “Foreign service suppliers are permitted to
establish joint venture hospitals or clinics with the Chinese partners with quantitative
limitations in line with China’s needs. Foreign majority ownership is permitted”.
7. In accordance with the “ Interim Regulations on Administration of Sino-Foreign Joint
Venture and Cooperative Medical Institutions” jointly issued by the Ministry of Health
(MOH) and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and economic Cooperation (MOFTEC, now
called Ministry of Commerce - MOFCOM) in 2000, the Chinese party of Sino-foreign
joint ventures and cooperative medical institutions shall hold no less than 30% of
shares and legal rights or interest, which also means foreign investors are allowed to
hold a maximum stake of 70%. Such regulations also specify that the establishment of
Sino-foreign joint venture and cooperative medical institutions should be approved
respectively by MOH and MOCOM.
2. Government Agencies and Organizations that Regulate Healthcare Projects
Under the Chinese National People’s Congress and the State Council, there are various
ministries and organizations that regulate China’s health and medical sectors.
Following is a list of major related Chinese national government agencies and
organizations that formulate budgets, appropriate funds, approve, or implement
healthcare construction projects. When these projects are financed by local
government revenue, U.S. companies should contact their counterparts at the
provincial, prefectural, and county levels instead.
-- The Ministry of Health (MOH) has the overall responsibility for regulating China’s
healthcare system. It oversees public health, healthcare institutions, health system
reform, and medical research and also drafts and issues relevant administrative
measures, notices, and circulars.
http://www.moh.gov.cn
-- The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) is a
nonprofit institution working in the fields of disease control and prevention and public
health management. China CDC is committed to strengthening research on strategies
and measures for disease control and prevention; organizing and implementing control
and prevention plans for different kinds of diseases; carrying out public health
management for food safety, occupational health, radiation health, environmental
health, health care for women and children, etc. China CDC also acts as a national
working group for disease prevention, emergency relief, and construction of public
health information systems.
http://www.ChinaCDC.net.cn
E-mail: ChinaCDC@public3.bta.net.cn
The Ministry of Finance (MOF) formulates and implements strategies, policies and
guidelines for public finance, public revenue, and the central expenditures; administers
government procurement, capital construction, and China’s domestic and foreign debts
etc. For healthcare sector, MOF manages public revenue and make sure funds are
properly used through government tendering process.
8. http://www.mof.gov.cn
E-mail: webmaster@mof.gov.cn
--- The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM), formerly the Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC) and the State Economic and Trade
Commission, regulates foreign investment in China. It formulates and implements
foreign trade, economic cooperation, and foreign investment policies, and approves
the establishment and operation of foreign-invested enterprises. MOFCOM also drafts
and issues most laws and regulations specific to foreign investment.
http://www.mofcom.gov.cn
The State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) is a bureau directly under the
State Council. It oversees and regulates the research, production, and distribution of
pharmaceuticals and medical devices. It also regulates food, health product, and
cosmetic industries. Foreign products related to the above industries are subject to
registration with SFDA before being allowed to be distributed in China.
http://www.sfda.gov.cn
Email: inquires@sda.gov.cn
-- The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is responsible for
studying and proposing major strategies, policies, and plans for China’s overall
economic and social developments for all industrial sectors including education,
culture, and public health, etc. It is also responsible for monitoring, analyzing all fixed
assets investment activities, and approving state-funded construction projects.
http://www.sdpc.gov.cn
3. Tendering Agents for Healthcare Projects
In most cases, project undertakers use the tendering agents or companies to invite bids
from potential partners or suppliers. The following is a partial list of such tendering
agents:
For construction design and engineering, project undertakers normally invite bids
through construction engineering exchange centers at the national, provincial, and
municipal levels. Following is a list of several major centers:
China International Engineering Information Network (http://www.ieichina.com)
China Construction Engineering Information Network (http://www.cein.gov.cn)
Beijing Construction Contract Exchange Center (http://www.bcactc.com)
Guangzhou Construction Exchange Center (http://www.gzcebc.cn)
Shanghai Construction Exchanges Center (http://www.jyzx.sh.cn)
For procurement of medical equipment, hospital purchasers usually invite bids through
commercial tendering companies or government procurement centers at the provincial
9. or municipal levels . Following is a partial list of major government procurement
centers and commercial tendering companies:
Beijing Government Procurement Center (http://www.ccgp-beijing.gov.cn)
Shanghai Government Procurement Center (http://www.shzfcg.gov.cn)
Guangdong Government Procurement Center (http://www.gdgpo.gov.cn)
Guangzhou Government Procurement Center http://www.gzg2b.gov.cn
Shenzhen Government Procurement Center (http://www.szzfcg.cn)
Commercial Tendering companies:
Guangdong
Haihong Pharmaceutical Electronic Commerce Co. (http://www.emedchina.net)
GMG International Tendering Co. Ltd. (http://www.gmgit.com)
Guangdong Provincial Machinery & Electric Equipment Tendering Corporation
http://www.chinaguangdongbidding.com
Shenzhen United Tendering Co. (http://www.sztc.com)
Beijing
Guoxin Tendering Corporation Ltd. (http://www.gxzb.com.cn)
Instrimpex International Tendering Co. (http://www.cniitc.com.cn)
Sinochem International Tendering Co., Ltd (http://www.esinotech.com)
Shanghai
Shanghai Machinery and Electrical Equipment Tendering Co. (www.shbid.com )
Shanghai Integrated Machinery Group Company Ltd. (http://www.smcec.com)
4. Conference and Trade Shows
China Hospital Management Society organizes a hospital construction and design
conference and exhibition in August every year. This event was just held in Shanghai
on August 30 to Sept. 2, 2005. Next year’s event will be tentatively held in Beijing.
Unfortunately, there is no online information available about this event.
For more information about the subject report, please contact us at:
Commercial Office
U.S. Consulate General, Guangzhou
Robert (Mike) Murphy, Principal Commercial Officer
(Robert.Murphy@mail.doc.gov)
Shuquan Li, Commercial Specialist (Shuquan.li@mail.doc.gov)
14/F, China Hotel Office Tower
Liuhua Road, Guangzhou 510015
P. R. China