Hereby presenting the worst earthquake in the history of the world. So many people died in that earthquake as there was this tsunami who nearly damaged as much as the earthquake did. I have collected as much as data I could collect. Hope it is helpful.

1. Chile earthquake, 1960
Prepared by:- Raval Chaitanya V. (12012071109)

2. Introduction
 In the list of the greatest earthquakes in the world, Chile
earthquake is remarked in top having the magnitude of
‘9.5’.
 It is the largest earthquake recorded in the 20 𝑡ℎ century.
 The rupture zone was estimated around 1000 km from
Lebu to ‘Puerto Aisen’.
1

3.  Chile earthquake was originated off the coast of
southern Chile on May 22, 1960 which caused
substantial damages and loss of life both in that
country.
 Earthquake hit at 19:11:14 UTC approximately at
100miles (160 km) off the coast parallel to the city
of ‘Valdivia’ at a depth of 33km.
2

4. 3

5.  The magnitude was noted 9.5 yet
according to different research papers the
value lies in between 9.4 to 9.6 .
 There were 4 foreshocks having the
magnitude over 7 were noted down.
 One of them was 7.9 which caused a great
damage in the Concepcion area.
 Many aftershocks of 5, 7 or greater than it
through Nov 1.
4

6.  Many Chilean cities including Puerto Montt
where noticeable subsidence occurred and
Valdivia where nearly half of the buildings were
rendered uninhabitable.
 In 1960’s, there was not a digital seismography
available for the instant analysis for the
earthquakes as the results are carried out
based on ‘post hoc analysis’.
5

7. Reason
 The reason why the earthquake occurred is
that that the subduction of Nazca plate
under the South America plate on which
the Chile is rested.
6

8. The locking and rupture of plates
7

9.  Fig. shows the
subduction of
Nazca plate
under the South
American plate.
The position of plates
8

10. Causes
 After 15 min of the earthquake, due to
shifting of the South American plate,
tsunami generated having a wave
height of 80 feet (25 m).
 The water rushed into the coastline of
Chilean which is bounded by cities
Lebu-Puerto Aisen.
9

11. The epicenter of chile earthquake
10

12.  The combined effects of disaster led two
million people homeless and estimation of
total loss of $300 million.
 After that the cost reached to $550 million.
 At first there were 1600 people dead and
3000 were injured but after the analysis
6000-10000 people were missing or dead.
11

13.  The tsunami arrived at Hawaiian Island after
nearly 15 hours later which is almost 10000km
away from the Chile.
 The waves still crested 35 feet at landfall in
some places of Hawaiian.
 Caused $75 million of damage at ‘Hilo Bay’
which is the main island of Hawaiian, got 61
people killed.
12

14. The image of valvidia
13

15. The images of valvidia
14

16.  Tsunami reached at Japanese island of Honshu
22 hours of generation.
 The waves had subsided 18 feet.
 Caused 1600 homes demolished and 138
people killed as there be many lower laying
areas in that island, overall damage was $50
million.
15

17.  Waves reached at Phillippines having crest
of 5.5 feet.
 32 people were killed in Phillippines due to
the tsunami.
 Caused $0.5 million damages in the West
coast of U.S.
16

18.  Many landslides occurred in the Chilean lake
district from ‘Lago Villarica’ to ‘Lago Todos los
Santos’.
 As Chilean lake district has two complex volcanos
named Puyehue and ‘Cordon Caulle’.
 Both the volcanos are neighboring, lie on same
transverse fault and has been noted that they tend
at same time or nearby.
17

19.  Puyehue volcano has a 2.4 km wide summit
caldera yet the historical eruptions
occurred at the Cordon Caulle rift zone.
 Cordon Caulle geothermal area occupies
(6 × 13) km wide depression and is the
largest active geothermal area in Southern
Andes.
18

20. Puyehue-cordon caulle volcano
19

21.  The Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanos started
erupting on May 22, 1960.
 So it may be possible that the great earthquake
made the eruption started, cause they are just
200 km away from epicenter.
 As the result of that the 51 years of inactivation
the great volcano came in action. The ashes of
the volcano went 8 km heigh in the sky.
20

22.  The earthquake could have made more
damage but it occurred at afternoon, many of
the structures had been built earthquake-
resistant and the series of foreshocks made
population wary.
 According to different research papers, total
people got killed were 3000, 5600 respectively
and the damage caused was $417, $675, $800
millions respectively.
21

23. References
 USGS
 Britannia.com
 VOLCANO DISCOVERY
22

24. THANK YOU23