This document defines and discusses different types of child abuse including physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. It outlines signs of abuse and the effects abuse can have on children including emotional trauma, low self-esteem, and risky behaviors. Statistics on child abuse in Utah are provided, with over 20,000 cases investigated in 2009 and drug/alcohol abuse a contributing factor in 29% of cases. The document discusses treatment options and prevention programs in Utah and emphasizes that protecting children is a community responsibility.

1. Child Abuse in the State of UtahBy: Lauren Hardman

2. Outline Defining child abuse 4 types of child abuse Signs of child abuse Effects of child abuse Statistics of child abuse in Utah Prevention/Treatment

4. How is Abuse Defined? Federal Law says… “…Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation…”

5. The 4 Main Types of Child Abuse Physical Emotional Sexual Child Neglect

7. Kicking

8. Biting

9. Shaking

10. Burning

11. Throwing

12. Stabbing

14. Sexual Abuse/Exploitation Cont’d Who sexually abuses children? Other children Youth Immediate or extended family members Strangers Neighbors Religious leaders Coaches Babysitters Teachers …Anyone… The Crimes Against Children Research Center reported in as many as 93 % of child sexual abuse cases, the child knows the person that commits the abuse.

15. Emotional Abuse Utah Department of Human Services defines emotional abuse as “the psychological maltreatment when a caregiver’s pattern of behavior coveys that the child is worthless, flawed, unloved, unwanted, endangered, or only a value of meeting another’s needs.”

16. Emotional Abuse Cont’d Behaviors associated with emotional abuse: Spurning Terrorizing Isolating Rejecting Verbally assaulting Exploiting/corrupting Denying emotional responsiveness Most cases of emotional abuse occur between a child and their parent/caregiver in which case the caregiver was emotionally abused themselves as children.

17. Child Neglect The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act defines child neglect as “depriving a child of basic physical needs such as food, shelter, clothing, medical needs and adequate supervision are typical features of child-neglect.”

18. Child Neglect Cont’d There are 3 types of child neglect: Physical neglect Refusal of health care Delay in health care Abandonment Inadequate supervision Basic physical human needs Educational neglect permitted chronic truancy Failure to enroll in educational institutions Inattention to special education needs Emotional neglect inadequate nurturing or affection chronic or extreme spouse abuse drug or alcohol abuse maladaptive behavior refusal or delay in psychological care

19. Signs of Child Abuse Physical Unexplainable burns /bites, broken bones, bruises, or black eyes Sexual Trouble sitting down or walking Sophisticated or unusual knowledge of sexual behavior Emotional Overly compliant Extreme aggression Demanding behavior Child Neglect Begs or steals food/money Insufficient clothing in winter months Severe body odor

20. Effects of Physical Abuse There are 6 factors to consider: Severity of the physical abuse Frequency of abuse Age of the child when the abuse began Child’s relationship to the abuser Availability of support persons Child’s ability to cope Of these factors some of the effects are emotional trauma, feelings of betrayal/abandonment, refusal to try new things for fear of failure, covering up through sense of humor, harming him/herself.

21. Effects of Sexual Abuse There are 5 factors to also consider: Closeness between child and abuser Age of child when abuse began/length of abuse Degree of physical aggression Type of sexual activity child is exposed to Response received when sharing experience Emotional Effects: low self esteem/worth, may loss of control over body, loss in intimacy later on in life, inability to trust others Behavioral Effects: clinging and smothering, insecurity which places them at greater risk for further abuse or exploitation, nightmares, phobias, and bed wetting

22. Effects of Emotional Abuse Physical Effects Speech problems Eating disorders Self-harm such as burning/cutting Failure to thrive (for infants), Attempts for suicide Emotional Effects Inability to control emotions Question religious beliefs Behavioral Effects Depression Inability to trust Withdrawal Engaging in risky behaviors Low self-esteem

23. Effects of Child Neglect “The effects of child neglect are not limited to the children in the neglectful families. Research is now showing that effects last well into adulthood. These effects are not just emotionally, but physically as well.” Feel unworthy to interact with peers May isolate themselves May encounter peer rejection Poor academic “More children die from neglect than abuse from his/her mother.”

24. Statistics of Child Abuse in Utah In 2009 Child Protective Services (CPS) investigated 20,649 cases of child abuse . Of those cases 8,505 were supported. 29% of those cases had drug/alcohol abuse as a contributing factor.

25. Statistics Cont’d

26. Treatment Options Domestic Shelters provided by CPS In-Home Services Psychotherapy Kinship Care Foster Care Programs

27. Prevention of Child Abuse Programs have been established such as the Children's Trust Account in Utah which funds family support centers that operate crisis nurseries and provide prevention education, awareness, and training to school personnel, families, volunteers, and professionals. Another program established is the Prevent Child Abuse Utah which provides in-classroom training sessions in Utah's elementary school system. Different training sessions are offered depending on the child's age. These programs teach children how to keep their body safe, increase their knowledge of abuse, and help children understand by and how to report child abuse.

28. The Challenge The responsibility of protecting children falls on all members of the community. States have varying laws regarding child abuse and the reporting of child abuse. Utah requires mandatory reporting, which requires anyone who suspects child abuse, in any form, to report it to a police officer or law enforcement agency. The Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) guarantees children three basic rights (safety, permanency, child and family well-being), and it is the responsibility of members of the community to assure that these rights are not violated. What will YOU do?

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