This document discusses chickenpox (varicella) infection during pregnancy. Primary varicella infection during pregnancy can increase mortality and morbidity for the mother and cause fetal varicella syndrome or neonatal varicella in the baby. Most women in developed countries are immune to chickenpox by adulthood due to prior exposure. For non-immune pregnant women, vaccination before or after pregnancy can prevent primary infection. Women exposed during pregnancy should receive Varicella Zoster Immunoglobulin within 10 days if non-immune to reduce risk of infection. Developing chickenpox during pregnancy can lead to pneumonia and other increased risks for the mother.
Sickle cell anemia is an autosome linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when
both the partners are carrier for the gene (or heterozygous). The disease is controlled by a single pair of allele, HbA
and HbS. Out of the three possible genotypes only homozygous individuals for HbS (HbS, HbS) show the diseased phenotype. The ability to predict the clinical course of SCD during pregnancy is difficult. It is mandatory to follow up the patient closely from the very beginning i.e. from preconception to antenatal till labor. SCD is associated with both maternal and fetal complications and is associated with an increased incidence of perinatal mortality, premature
labor, fetal growth restriction and acute painful crises during pregnancy.
Lecture by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in BOGSCON 2015, the Annual Conference of Bengal Obstetric and Gynaecological Society, held at Hotel Novotel, Kolkata in January, 2015; where he had been invited as FACULTY to deliver his lecture
If someone says the word “Herpes”, everyone cringes. Surprisingly, about 2/3 of you reading
this now, may have had HSV 1 (the type that causes cold sores), and about 20% of you may
have had the genital type of Herpes (HSV2).
*I hope its help you all for preparation part 1 exam for MRCOG & MOG and your daily job.Good Luck May ALLAH bless our work and study,Good luck to all.dont forget to pray to ALLAH.if i wrong please correct me..process of learning..
Sickle cell anemia is an autosome linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when
both the partners are carrier for the gene (or heterozygous). The disease is controlled by a single pair of allele, HbA
and HbS. Out of the three possible genotypes only homozygous individuals for HbS (HbS, HbS) show the diseased phenotype. The ability to predict the clinical course of SCD during pregnancy is difficult. It is mandatory to follow up the patient closely from the very beginning i.e. from preconception to antenatal till labor. SCD is associated with both maternal and fetal complications and is associated with an increased incidence of perinatal mortality, premature
labor, fetal growth restriction and acute painful crises during pregnancy.
Lecture by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in BOGSCON 2015, the Annual Conference of Bengal Obstetric and Gynaecological Society, held at Hotel Novotel, Kolkata in January, 2015; where he had been invited as FACULTY to deliver his lecture
If someone says the word “Herpes”, everyone cringes. Surprisingly, about 2/3 of you reading
this now, may have had HSV 1 (the type that causes cold sores), and about 20% of you may
have had the genital type of Herpes (HSV2).
*I hope its help you all for preparation part 1 exam for MRCOG & MOG and your daily job.Good Luck May ALLAH bless our work and study,Good luck to all.dont forget to pray to ALLAH.if i wrong please correct me..process of learning..
How to deal with covid cases who want to get pregnant and those who already are pregnant : A dllema
Vaccine or No vaccine : we will answer this in this talk
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and can infect people of all ages, including pregnant women. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have been monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and their fetuses.
Pregnant women with COVID-19 may experience similar symptoms to non-pregnant individuals, such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. However, there is currently no evidence to suggest that pregnant women are at a higher risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19 than the general population.
There is also no evidence to suggest that pregnant women are more likely to transmit the virus to their fetuses, although there is some evidence of vertical transmission from mother to newborn.
The risk of severe illness from COVID-19 for the fetus is thought to be low, and the majority of pregnant women who have tested positive for COVID-19 have had healthy pregnancies and deliveries.
However, pregnant women with COVID-19 are at an increased risk of preterm labor and delivery, which can have implications for the health of the newborn.
It's important for pregnant women to take precautions to avoid infection with COVID-19, such as wearing a mask, practicing social distancing, and washing hands frequently. Pregnant women should also follow the guidance of their healthcare provider and the recommendations of public health authorities.
It's also important to note that the knowledge about COVID-19 and its impact on pregnancy is still evolving, and pregnant women should consult with their health care provider for the most up-to-date guidance.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Chicken pox pregnancy
1. CHICKEN
POX
IN
PREGNANCY
Osama
M
Warda
MD
Prof.
of
Obstetrics
&
Gynecology
Mansoura
University
O
Warda
1
2. PURPOSE
&
SCOPE
Primary
infecIon
with
herpes
varicella
zoster
virus
(VZV),
in
pregnancy
associated
with:
u
Increased
mortality
or
serious
morbidity.
u
Fetal
varicella
syndrome
(FVS),
previously
known
as
congenital
varicella
syndrome
u
Varicella
infecIon
of
the
newborn,
previously
known
as
neonatal
varicella.
O
Warda
2
3. BACKGROUND
1. VZV
is
a
DNA
virus
and
transmiXed
by
respiratory
droplets
and
by
direct
contact
with
vesicle
fluid
or
indirectly
via
fomites.
2. The
incubaIon
period
is
1–3weeks
and
the
disease
is
infecIous
48
hours
before
the
rash
appears
unIl
the
vesicles
crust
over(within
5
days).
3. >90%
of
the
antenatal
populaIon
in
the
UK
and
Ireland
are
seroposiIve
for
VZV
(IgG)
anIbody.
4. For
this
reason,
primary
VZV
infecIon
is
uncommon;
it
complicate
0.3%
of
pregnancies.
5. Women
from
tropical
and
subtropical
areas
are
more
likely
to
be
sero-‐negaIve
for
VZV
O
Warda
3
4. BACKGROUND
6. Ager
primary
infecIon,
the
virus
remains
dormant
in
sensory
nerve
root
ganglia
and
when
reacIvated
cause
herpes
zoster
(HZ).
7.
Herpes
zoster
in
non-‐exposed
sites
is
considered
to
be
noninfecIous.
8.
Disseminated
zoster
or
exposed
zoster
or
localized
zoster
in
immunosuppressed
paIent
is
considered
to
be
infecIous.
O
Warda
4
5. Varicella
preven,on
• In
the
non-‐immune
woman
pre-‐concep,onal
:
– DeterminaIon
of
the
immune
status
of
women
planning
a
pregnancy
or
receiving
treatment
for
inferIlity
by
a
past
history
of
chickenpox
(sensiIvity
97–99%)
and
serological
tesIng
for
VZIG
anIbody.
– VaccinaIon
pre-‐pregnancy
or
postpartum
in
seronegaIve
women.
︎
>
live
aXenuated
virus
vaccine
derived
from
the
Oka
strain
of
VZV.
︎
>
VaccinaIon
reduce
primary
infecIon
by
90%
and
the
mortality
by
66%.
︎
>
Immunity
from
the
vaccine
may
persist
for
up
to
20
years.
– Vaccinated
woman
should
avoid
pregnancy
for
3
months
and
avoid
contact
with
suscepIble
pregnant
women
if
post-‐vaccinaIon
rash
occur.
–
Women
who
are
vaccinated
postpartum
can
be
reassured
that
it
is
safe
to
breasjeed.
O
Warda
5
6. Varicella
preven,on
• In
the
pregnant
woman
at
her
ini,al
antenatal
visit
•
Sero-‐negaIve
Women
are
advised
to
avoid
contact
with
chickenpox
and
shingles
during
pregnancy
and
to
immediately
inform
healthcare
workers
if
exposed.
• In
the
pregnant
woman
who
gives
a
history
of
contact
with
chickenpox
or
shingles
:
1)
A
careful
history
must
be
taken
to
confirm:
*
the
significance
of
the
contact.
– ︎
defined
as
contact
in
the
same
room
for
>15
minutes,
face-‐to-‐
face
contact
and
contact
in
the
selng
of
a
large
open
ward.
*
and
the
suscep3bility
of
the
pa3ent
︎
determined
by
eliciIng
a
past
history
of
chickenpox
or
shingles
and
serological
tesIng.
O
Warda
6
7. Varicella
preven,on
2)
At
least
80–90%
of
women
tested
are
immune
and
can
be
reassured.
3)
If
the
pregnant
woman
is
not
immune
and
has
had
a
significant
exposure,
she
should
have
VZIG
as
soon
as
possible.
• ︎
VZIG
is
effec,ve
when
given
up
to
10
days
aOer
contact.
•
AOer
VZIG,
the
pregnant
woman
considered
as
infec,ous
from
8–28
days
(8–21
days
if
no
VZIG).
– ︎
If
another
exposure
occurred
aOer
3
weeks
from
the
last
dose,
a
second
dose
of
VZIG
is
required.
– ︎
Rare
anaphylactoid
reac,ons
have
occurred
– ︎
No
blood
borne
infec,on
has
been
reported
with
its
use.
– ︎
Maternal
death
has
been
reported
due
to
varicella
pneumonia
despite
the
administra,on
of
VZIG.
4)
Women
who
developed
rash
regardless
of
whether
or
not
received
VZIG
should
no,fy
their
doctor
early.
O
Warda
7
8. The
pregnant
woman
who
develops
chicken
pox
There
is
excess
morbidity
associated
with
varicella
infecIon
in
adults,
including:
1︎-‐
Pneumonia(10%
increase
in
later
gestaIon,
fatality
rate
less
than
1%
but
five
Imes
higher
in
pregnancy)
2-‐︎
hepaIIs
3-‐
encepahaliIs
4-‐
mortality(75%
of
deaths
occur
in
adults).
O
Warda
8
9. How
should
the
pregnant
woman
who
develops
chickenpox
be
managed?
10
recommenda3ons;
1.
Contact
their
GP
immediately.
2.
avoid
contact
with
suscepIble
individuals;unIl
the
lesions
have
crusted
over.
3.
SymptomaIc
treatment
and
hygiene
advised
to
prevent
secondary
bacterial
infecIon.
4.
oral
aciclovir
if
they
present
within
24
hours
of
the
onset
of
the
rash
and
>20
weeks
gestaIon.
︎
-‐
800
mg
five
8mes
a
day
for
7
days.
︎
-‐
Women
should
be
informed
of
about
risk
and
benefits
of
treatment
with
aciclovir.
︎
-‐
there
is
no
increase
in
the
risk
of
fetal
malforma8on
with
aciclovir
in
pregnancy.
O
Warda
9
10. 5.
Indica,on
for
immediate
referral
to
a
hospital:
︎
i-‐
Chest
symptoms,
︎
ii-‐
neurological
symptoms,
︎
iii
-‐
hemorrhagic
rash
or
bleeding,
iv
-‐
dense
rash
︎
v
-‐
immunosuppression
or
taking
corIcosteroids
in
the
preceding
3
months.
︎
vi
-‐
If
the
woman
smokes
cigareXes,
︎
vii-‐
has
chronic
lung
disease,
︎
viii
-‐
>
20
weeks
gestaIon
How
should
the
pregnant
woman
who
develops
chickenpox
be
managed?
O
Warda
10
11. 6.
Assessment
and
treatment
in
hospital
with
a
mulIdisciplinary
team:
obstetrician
or
fetal
medicine
specialist,
virologist
and
neonatologist.
7.
Timing
and
mode
of
delivery
must
be
individualized;
︎
-‐
Delivery
during
the
viraemic
period
should
be
deferred
unless
indicated:
(a)maternal
risks
are
bleeding,
thrombocytopenia,
DIC
and
hepaIIs.
(b)
There
is
a
high
risk
of
varicella
infecIon
of
the
newborn
with
significant
morbidity
and
mortality.
How
should
the
pregnant
woman
who
develops
chickenpox
be
managed?
O
Warda
11
12. 8.
There
is
no
evidence
about
the
opImum
method
of
anesthesia
for
caesarean
secIon.
-‐
General
anesthesia
may
exacerbate
varicella
pneumonia.
-‐
Risk
of
transmilng
the
varicella
virus
from
skins
lesions
to
the
CNS
via
spinal
anesthesia.
-‐
epidural
anesthesia
is
safer
than
spinal
anesthesia
9.
Women
hospitalized
with
varicella
should
be
nursed
in
isolaIon.
10.
Referral
to
a
fetal
medicine
at
16–20
weeks
or
5
weeks
ager
infecIon
for
discussion
and
detailed
scan.
How
should
the
pregnant
woman
who
develops
chickenpox
be
managed?
O
Warda
12
13. Risks
during
pregnancy
Fetal
risks
of
varicella
infec,on
in
pregnancy
• No
added
risk
for
miscarriage
if
chickenpox
occurs
in
the
first
trimester.
• A
small
risk
0.91%
for
fetal
varicella
syndrome
(FVS)
If
varicella
occur
<
28
weeks.
– ︎
FVS is characterised by one or more of the following:
v ︎ dermatomal distribution of skin scarring
v ︎ eye defects (microphthalmia, chorioretinitis, cataracts)
v ︎ hypoplasia of the limbs
v ︎ neurological abnormalities (microcephaly, cortical atrophy,
dysfunction of bowel and bladder sphincters).
– ︎
FVS
does
not
occur
at
the
Ime
of
iniIal
fetal
infecIon
but
results
from
a
subsequent
reacIvaIons.
O
Warda
13
14. Can varicella infection of the fetus be diagnosed prenatally?
1)
ultrasound
examina8on.
︎
Microcephaly
,
hydrocephalus,
limb
deformity
sog-‐Issue
calcificaIon
and
FGR.
2)
Amniocentesis:
is
not
rouInely
advised
because
the
risk
of
FVS
is
so
low,
even
when
amnioIc
fluid
is
posiIve
for
VZV
DNA.
• ︎
The
risk
of
FVS
is
low,
If
amnio,c
fluid
is
posi,ve
for
VZV
and
ultrasound
is
normal
at
17–21
weeks.
• ︎
The
risk
of
FVS
is
remote,
If
repeat
ultrasound
is
normal
at
23–24
weeks.
• ︎
It
is
not
known
whether
VZIG
reduces
the
risk
of
FVS.
Risks
during
pregnancy
O
Warda
14
15. Neonatal
risks
of
varicella
infec,on
in
pregnancy
1.
There
is
a
significant
risk
of
varicella
of
the
newborn
If
infecIon
occurs
at
term
(1–4
weeks
before
delivery).
-‐
Route
of
infecIon:
trans-‐placental,
ascending
vaginal
or
direct
contact
with
lesions.
︎
-‐
Severe
chickenpox
occur
if
the
infant
is
born
within
7
days
before
or
7
days
ager
the
onset
of
the
mother’s
rash
because
of
low
trans-‐placentally
acquired
maternal
anIbodies.
2. Neonatal
ophthalmic
examinaIon
should
be
done
ager
birth.
3.
Neonatal
blood
should
be
sent
for
VZV
IgM
anIbody
ager
delivery
and
for
VZV
IgG
ager
7
months
of
age.
Risks
during
pregnancy
O
Warda
15
16. Treatment following onset of maternal rash at term
1. Neonate
should
receive
VZIG,
If
birth
occurs
within
7
days
before
or
7
days
ager
the
onset
of
the
maternal
rash.
2. The
infant
should
be
monitored
for
signs
of
infecIon
unIl
28
days
ager
the
onset
of
maternal
rash
.
3. Neonatal
infecIon
should
be
treated
with
aciclovir
following
discussion
with
a
neonatologist
and
virologist.
4. VZIG
is
of
no
benefit
once
neonatal
chickenpox
developed.
5. 50%
of
the
neonates
exposed
to
maternal
varicella
will
develop
chickenpox
despite
the
administraIon
of
VZIG
but
mortality
rates
is
lower
than
30%.
6. Maternal
shingles
around
the
Ime
of
delivery
is
not
a
risk
to
the
neonate
because
it
is
protected
by
transplacentally
acquired
maternal
anIbodies.
O
Warda
16
17. The
risk
to
the
neonate
if
a
sibling
has
chickenpox
• if
the
mother
is
immune
and
the
contact
occur
within
the
first
7
days
of
life,
no
intervenIon
is
required.
• if
the
mother
is
not
immune
or
if
the
neonate
delivered
before
28
weeks
or
weighs
less
than
1
kg,
the
neonate
should
be
given
VZIG.
O
Warda
17
18. Precau,ons
for
healthcare
workers
1. The
immune
status
of
healthcare
workers
in
maternity
and
neonatal
units
should
be
determined.
2. Non-‐immune
healthcare
workers
should
be
offered
varicella
vaccinaIon.
3. If
non-‐immune
healthcare
workers
have
significant
exposure
they
should
minimize
paIent
contact
from
8–21
days.
O
Warda
18