This document provides a history of chess from ancient India to the modern global game. It discusses the origins of chess in India around 600 AD and its spread to Persia and Europe. It outlines the rise of international chess organizations like FIDE which was founded in 1924 and connects national federations. The Elo rating system developed in the 1960s provided an objective measure of player strength. In India, the All India Chess Federation was founded in 1951 and has helped develop champions like Viswanathan Anand while organizing numerous international events. Digital chess clocks were developed in the 1970s improving timekeeping in tournaments. The global reach of chess has expanded with champions coming from different countries.

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CHESS FROM ANCIENT INDIA TO
THE GLOBAL LEVEL SINCE
1924 TO 2017
Presented By:
CHETHAN.MS
4PS16MBA12
I Year MBA
Submitted To:
Dr. Aluregowda
Assistant Professor
MBA Department
PES COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
MANDYA – 571401
24TH
APRIL 2017

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CONTENTS
SL.NO PARTICULARS PAGE NUM
1 INTRODUCTION TO CHESS 3-7
2 CHESS FROM ANCIENT INDIA
TO GLOBAL LEVEL
THE RISE OF FIDE
8-9
3 ELO RATING SYSTEM 10-10
4 THE RISE OF AICF 11-14
5 THE RISE OF CHESS CLOCKS 14-16
6 RAPID EXPANSION OF
MEMBERSHIP
16-16
7 THE RISE OF UKCA 17-17
8 CHESS TAKES THE WORLD 17-18
9 CHESS TIMELINE 18-19

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INTRODUCTION TO CHESS
 Chess is a game which is originated in India as “Chaturanga” 600 A.D in
6TH
century.
 Chess board contains 64 squares of 8 rows and 8 columns Horizontal
rows are called as Ranks in chess Vertical columns are called as Files.
 Chess pieces, or chessmen, are the pieces deployed on a chessboard to
play the game of chess. A game played by two person
 London become the standard required for competitive chess games
 During the 1173 algebraic chess notation was introduced
 In the world we have 10 to the power of 24 atoms, but in chess after 4
moves there is a possibilities of 10 to the power of 1024 moves
 During the year 1422 draw and stalemate was introduced
 Official chess tournament was started ,1ST
international chess tournament
is held in London in the year 1851
World chess championship
The World Chess Championship (sometimes abbreviated as WCC) is played to
determine the World Champion in chess The official world championship is
generally regarded to have begun in 1886, when the two leading players in
Europe and the United States, Johann Zukertort and Wilhelm Steinitz

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List of world chess champions
# Name Year Country Age
1 Wilhelm Steinitz 1886–
1894
Austria-Hungary (Bohemia)
United States
50–58
2 Emanuel Lasker 1894–
1921
Germany 26–52
3 José Raúl
Capablanca
1921–
1927
Cuba 33–39
4 Alexander Alekhine 1927–
1935
France
Soviet émigré
35–43
5 Max Euwe 1935–
1937
Netherlands 34–36
(4) Alexander Alekhine 1937–
1946
France
Soviet émigré
45–54
6 Mikhail Botvinnik 1948–
1957
Soviet Union (RSFSR) 37–46
7 Vasily Smyslov 1957–
1958
Soviet Union (RSFSR) 36

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(6) Mikhail Botvinnik 1958–
1960
Soviet Union (RSFSR) 47–49
8 Mikhail Tal 1960–
1961
Soviet Union (Latvian SSR) 24
(6) Mikhail Botvinnik 1961–
1963
Soviet Union (RSFSR) 50–52
9 Tigran Petrosian 1963–
1969
Soviet Union (Armenian
SSR)
34–40
10 Boris Spassky 1969–
1972
Soviet Union (RSFSR) 32–35
11 Bobby Fischer 1972–
1975
United States 29–32
12 Anatoly Karpov 1975–
1985
Soviet Union (RSFSR) 24–34
13 Garry Kasparov 1985–
1993
Soviet Union (Azerbaijan
SSR)
Russia
22–30

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Undisputed world champions (2006–present)
Name Year Country Age
14 Vladimir Kramnik 2006–2007 Russia 31–32
15 Viswanathan Anand 2007–2013 India 38–43
16 Magnus Carlsen 2013–present Norway 22–26
 In today’s world compare to the early we can see n numbers of chess
tournament in the world, which may conducted through over the board
are online.
Chess tournament Pairings system
 Swiss system
 Round robin
 Elimination

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Where India does deserves in today’s world in chess
Country rank by average rating of top 10 players
Average GMs IMs Total Titled
1 Russia 2746 237 529 2475
2 United States of America 2706 93 144 734
3 China 2703 41 31 148
4 Ukraine 2690 88 200 546
5 India 2666 45 90 309
6 Azerbaijan 2658 24 27 133
7 France 2651 48 106 411
8 Poland 2645 42 107 387
9 Armenia 2642 38 29 117
10 England 2641 35 60 272

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CHESS FROM ANCIENT INDIA TO GLOBAL LEVEL
The history of chess originated in north western India around 550 CE, but this
early form of the game did not resemble chess as we know it today. The game
Spread to Persia. When the Arabs conquered Persia, chess was taken up by the
Muslim world and subsequently spread to Southern Europe. In Europe, chess
evolved into roughly its current form in the 15th century in the second half of
the 19th century, modern chess tournament play began.
THE RISE OF FIDE
(World Chess Federation)
Motto Gens una sumus
"We are one people"
Formation July 20, 1924; 92 years ago
Headquarters Athens, Greece
Membership 185 national associations
President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov
Website www.fide.com

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 The Federation International des Échecs or World Chess Federation [1]
is
an international organization that connects the various
national chess federations around the world and acts as the governing
body of international chess competition. It is usually referred to
as FIDE (/ˈfiːdeɪ/, FEE-day), its French acronym.
 FIDE was founded in Paris, France, on July 20, 1924. Its motto is Gens
una sumus, Latin for "We are one people". As of 2015, FIDE's president
is Kirsan Ilyumzhinov.
ROLE OF FIDE
 FIDE's most visible activity is organizing the World Chess
Championship (overall and for special groups such
as women, juniors, seniors, and the disabled), and most particularly
the Chess Olympiad and World Team Championship for national teams.
It is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the
supreme body responsible for the organization of chess and its
championships at global and continental levels.
 Since 1980 FIDE is a member of UNESCO. FIDE oversees few other
tournaments, although other top-level events, almost without exception,
respect FIDE rules and regulations.
 It defines the rules of chess, both for playing individual games (i.e. the
board and moves) and for the conduct of international competitions. The
international competition rules are the basis for local competitions,
although local bodies are allowed to modify these rules to a certain
extent. FIDE awards a number of organisational titles,
including International Arbiter, which signifies that the recipient is
competent and trusted to oversee top-class competitions.

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ELO RATING SYSTEM
Arpad Elo, the inventor of the Elo rating system
 The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels
of players in competitor-versus-competitor games such as chess. It is
named after its creator Arpad Elo, a born American physics professor.
 The Elo system was originally invented as an improved chess rating
system, but is also used as a rating system for multiplayer competition in
a number of video games, association football, American football,
basketball, Major League Baseball, Scrabble and other games.
 Arpad Elo was a master-level chess player and an active participant in
the United States Chess Federation (USCF) from its founding in
1939. The USCF used a numerical ratings system, devised by Kenneth
Harkness, to allow members to track their individual progress in terms
other than tournament wins and losses.

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THE RISE OF AICF
All India Chess Federation
Sport Chess
Jurisdiction National
Abbreviation AICF
Founded 1951
Affiliation FIDE
Headquarters Administrative office
Room No 70, Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
Chennai – 600003
President J C D Prabhakar
Secretary V Hariharan
Official website
www.aicf.in

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 The All India Chess Federation (AICF) (Hindi: अखिऱ भारतीय शतरंज
महासंघ) is central administrative body for the game of chess in India.
Founded in 1951, the federation is affiliated to Federation International
des Échecs (FIDE), the world body for chess. The AICF has produced
champions Viswanathan Anand, Manuel Aaron, Dibyendu
Barua and Parimarjan Negi. The organisation is also in charge of
managing women's chess in India. Its current headquarters is in Chennai.
Affiliates
 Till date the federation has more than 30 affiliated state associations, 16
special members and 23 recognised academies as its constituents.[1]
Here
is a list of them
Affiliated state bodies
 Telangana State Chess Association
 All Arunachal Pradesh Chess Association
 All Assam Chess Association
 All Bihar Chess Association
 All Tripura Chess Association
 All Jharkhand Chess Association
 Chess Association – Kerala
 Andaman Nicobar Chess Assn
 Andhra Pradesh Chess Association
 All J&K Chess Association
 Chandigarh Chess Association
 Chess Association of Uttaranchal

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 Delhi Chess Association
 Gujarat State Chess Association
 H.P.State Chess Association
 Goa State Chess Association
 The Haryana Chess Association
 Mizoram Chess Association
 Meghalaya Chess Association
 Manipur Chess Association
 Madhya Kshetra Shatranj Sangh
 Maharashtra Chess Association
 Nagaland Chess Association
 Orissa Chess Association
 Pondicherry State Chess Assn
 Punjab State Chess Association
 United Karnataka Chess Association
 Tamil Nadu State Chess Association
 United Chess Association Of Chhattisgarh
 UP Chess Sports Association
 All Rajputana Chess Association
 West Bengal Chess Association
Special units
 AAI Sports Control Board
 Air India Sports Promotion Board
 All India Chess Federation for the Blind
 BSNL Sports and Cultural Board
 Defence Accounts Sports Control Board
 Delhi Development Authority

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 Indian Bank Central Sports Committee
 LIC Sports Promotion Board
 Ordnance Factory Board
 Petroleum Sports Control Board
 Railway sports Promotion Board
 Services Sports Control Board
Events
AICF has also played host to a number of major world events in India. Some of
them are: [1]
 World Junior Championships
 Commonwealth Chess Championship
 Asian Team Championships
The rise of chess clock
Analog game clocks
 Analog clocks are equipped with a "flag" that falls to indicate the exact
moment the player's time has expired. Analog clocks use mechanical

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buttons. Pressing the button on one player's side physically stops the
movement of that player's clock and releases the hold on the opponent's.
 The drawbacks of the mechanical clocks include accuracy and matching
of the two clocks, and matching of the indicators (flags) of time
expiration. Additional time cannot easily be increment or delay on every
move, such as some forms of byoyomi. However, a malfunctioning
analog clock is a less serious event than a malfunctioning digital clock.
added for more complex time controls, especially those that call for an
arbiter.
Early development of digital game clocks
Digital chess clock
 In 1973, to address the issues with analog clocks, Bruce Cheney,
a Cornell University Electrical Engineering student and chess player,
created the first digital chess clock as a project for an undergraduate EE
course. Typical of most inventions, it was crude compared to the products
on the market many years later and was limited by the technology that
existed at the time. For example, the display was done with red LEDs.

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Recent developments of digital clocks and current usage
Digital chess clock connected to a board that automatically senses
when moves have been made
Rapid expansion of membership
 During his period as president of FIDE (1970–1978) Max Euwe strove to
increase the number of member countries, and Florencio
Campomanes (president 1982–1995) continued this policy, with each
member nation receiving one vote. Former world champion Anatoly
Karpov later said this was a mixed blessing, as the inclusion of so many
small, poor countries led to a "leadership vacuum at the head of the world
of chess......" Yuri Averbakh said the presence of so many weak countries
made it easy to manipulate decisions.

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The rise of UKCA
 Karnataka State Chess Association with K Saiprakash at his helm bustled
with activities in the early 1980's with special emphasis on encouraging
on women's chess. In 1974 Saiprakash organized India's first ever
national women's chess championship which was won by Vasanti
Khadilkar. In 1978 Bangalore got the KSCA to organize the FIDE
women's zonal with Jayashree Khadilkar won to become the India's 1st
WIM. In 1982 he turned his attention to organize the inaugural national
sub-junior girl's chess championship in the name of the Chikkamagalur
district chess association.
 How difficult it was to attract the girls in this chess tournament. Could be
guessed from the fact that at the first national sub junior girl’s chess
championship in Chikkamagalur, there was totally only 8 entries, and
none of them from Karnataka! Here too despite the participation of 2 girls
who went on to become WIM in later years, it was Gargee Chandrasekhar
Mohapatra from Orissa who took the title with 5/5.
Chess takes the world
 When people think of chess, they usually think of Russia. But chess
excellence has now gone global: The current World Champion is from
India, and the current World Junior Champion is an Egyptian. Since
1991, Russian players and teachers have fanned out in a chess diaspora,
gradually affecting how, and where, the game is played.
 For all but three years between 1948 and 2000, Russian players laid
exclusive claim to the title of World Chess Champion. The lone exception
came in 1972 when the American maverick Bobby Fischer, who died last

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month in Iceland at the age of 64, wrested the title from Russian Boris
Spassky. While his victory would become a defining cultural moment of
the Cold War, Fischer's tenure at the top was merely an interlude. He
relinquished the title in 1975 to Anatoly Karpov, and Russians held the
top spot for the remainder of the century.
Chess timeline
 1975 – Anatoly Karpov becomes the twelfth World Champion without
having defeated the reigning champion as Fischer forfeits his crown
 1978 – FIDE Master (FM) introduced as a title below International
Master
 1978 – First Sargon (chess) chess-playing software for personal
computers introduced at the 1978 West Coast Computer Faire
 1985 – Garry Kasparov defeats Anatoly Karpov to become the thirteenth
World Chess Champion 13–11, and then dominates world chess for the
next 15 years
 1991 – Judit Polgár becomes the youngest ever Grandmaster, breaking
Bobby Fischer's record by about a month
 1993 – Garry Kasparov and Nigel Short break from FIDE to play their
world championship match, forming the Professional Chess Association
 1996 – Deep Blue beats Garry Kasparov in the first game won by a chess-
playing computer against a reigning world champion under normal chess
tournament conditions.Kasparov recovers to win the match 4–2 (three
wins, one loss, two draws)
 1997 – Garry Kasparov loses a rematch to chess supercomputer Deep
Blue (2½–3½),becoming the first World Champion to lose a match to a
computer

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 1999 – Kasparov plays and wins against the World whose moves were
determined by plurality of vote via Internet
 2000 – Garry Kasparov loses his title to Vladimir Kramnik (8½–6½).
Kramnik became the fourteenth World Chess Champion
 2002 – Sergey Karjakin becomes the youngest ever Grandmaster at age
12 years and 7months 6 / 8
 2004 – Vladimir Kramnik successfully defends his title in the Classical
World Chess Championship 2004 against Peter Leko
 2005 – Veselin Topalov wins the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005
with 10/14 (+6−0 =8)
 2006 – World Chess Championship reunited when Vladimir Kramnik
defeats Veselin Topalov in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2006
 2007 – Viswanathan Anand becomes the fifteenth World Chess
Champion after winning the World Chess Championship 2007
tournament held in Mexico City. Anand finished the tournament with a
score of 9/14 (+4 −0 =10)
 2008 – Viswanathan Anand successfully defends his title against
Vladimir Kramnik in the World Chess Championship 2008
 2012 – Magnus Carlsen achieves a record breaking Elo rating of 2861
surpassing Garry Kasparov's record of 2851
 2047 – The first official chess tournament played on Mars