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Stoichiometry is the study of quantitative relationships in chemical formulas and reactions. It allows chemists to calculate amounts of reactants and products using moles, molar mass, and balanced chemical equations. Chemical reactions have fixed ratios of reactants and products that can be used to determine limiting reactants and calculate mass changes. Sample problems demonstrate how stoichiometric calculations are used to find amounts of substances involved in chemical reactions.
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Chemistry stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the study of quantitative relationships in chemical formulas and reactions. It uses moles and molar mass to quantify reactants and products. Chemical reactions are balanced and expressed as equations. Stoichiometric problems involve calculating amounts in moles and grams for limiting reactants, conversions between moles and mass, and determining theoretical yields.
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The document discusses chemical equilibrium, including:
1) Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and concentrations remain constant over time in a closed system.
2) The equilibrium constant, K, provides a quantitative measure of the extent of a reaction at equilibrium and can be used to determine equilibrium concentrations.
3) ICE tables can be used to calculate changes in concentrations from initial to equilibrium states and determine equilibrium constants based on given information.
Science 10th Class
This document provides information on stoichiometry, which involves using mole ratios from balanced chemical equations to calculate mass relationships between substances in a chemical reaction. It outlines the steps to solve stoichiometry problems, which include writing a balanced equation, identifying known and unknown quantities, setting up mole ratio conversion factors between moles of reactants and products, and checking the answer. Key concepts discussed include the mole ratio from coefficients in a balanced equation, molar mass to convert between moles and grams, and the molar volume used to calculate liters of gas at standard temperature and pressure.
STOICHIMETRY.ppt
This document provides an overview of stoichiometry concepts including:
- The anatomy of chemical equations including reactants, products, states, and coefficients.
- Types of chemical reactions such as combination, decomposition, combustion.
- Formula weights, molecular weights, and molar masses which allow conversion between moles and mass.
- Empirical formulas which can be calculated from elemental analysis data.
- Stoichiometric calculations to determine amounts of reactants and products from balanced chemical equations.
- The concept of limiting reactants and how to determine theoretical and percent yields.
Physical Chemistry
This document contains information about a physical chemistry course for petroleum engineering students. It includes the course contents which cover topics like stoichiometry, gases, kinetics, spontaneity criteria, and phase diagrams. It describes the assessments and passing requirements. Additionally, it provides examples of stoichiometry calculations and explains concepts like limiting reagents and percent yields in chemical reactions.
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The document discusses chemical reactions and stoichiometry. It defines chemical reactions as processes where substances are changed into new substances. Reactants are the original substances, and products are the new substances formed. The document covers types of chemical reactions like combustion and replacement reactions. It also discusses balancing chemical equations, mole ratios, and using mole-mole calculations to solve stoichiometry problems involving masses of reactants and products. An example uses a balanced equation to determine the mass of CO2 produced given the mass of CH4 consumed.
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Chemistry stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the study of quantitative relationships in chemical formulas and reactions. It uses moles and molar mass to quantify reactants and products. Chemical reactions are balanced and expressed as equations. Stoichiometric problems involve calculating amounts in moles and grams for limiting reactants, conversions between moles and mass, and determining theoretical yields.
15.1 - Reaction Graphs and Equilibrium.pptx
The document discusses chemical equilibrium, including:
1) Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and concentrations remain constant over time in a closed system.
2) The equilibrium constant, K, provides a quantitative measure of the extent of a reaction at equilibrium and can be used to determine equilibrium concentrations.
3) ICE tables can be used to calculate changes in concentrations from initial to equilibrium states and determine equilibrium constants based on given information.
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This document provides information on stoichiometry, which involves using mole ratios from balanced chemical equations to calculate mass relationships between substances in a chemical reaction. It outlines the steps to solve stoichiometry problems, which include writing a balanced equation, identifying known and unknown quantities, setting up mole ratio conversion factors between moles of reactants and products, and checking the answer. Key concepts discussed include the mole ratio from coefficients in a balanced equation, molar mass to convert between moles and grams, and the molar volume used to calculate liters of gas at standard temperature and pressure.
STOICHIMETRY.ppt
This document provides an overview of stoichiometry concepts including:
- The anatomy of chemical equations including reactants, products, states, and coefficients.
- Types of chemical reactions such as combination, decomposition, combustion.
- Formula weights, molecular weights, and molar masses which allow conversion between moles and mass.
- Empirical formulas which can be calculated from elemental analysis data.
- Stoichiometric calculations to determine amounts of reactants and products from balanced chemical equations.
- The concept of limiting reactants and how to determine theoretical and percent yields.
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This document contains information about a physical chemistry course for petroleum engineering students. It includes the course contents which cover topics like stoichiometry, gases, kinetics, spontaneity criteria, and phase diagrams. It describes the assessments and passing requirements. Additionally, it provides examples of stoichiometry calculations and explains concepts like limiting reagents and percent yields in chemical reactions.
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The document discusses chemical reactions and stoichiometry. It defines chemical reactions as processes where substances are changed into new substances. Reactants are the original substances, and products are the new substances formed. The document covers types of chemical reactions like combustion and replacement reactions. It also discusses balancing chemical equations, mole ratios, and using mole-mole calculations to solve stoichiometry problems involving masses of reactants and products. An example uses a balanced equation to determine the mass of CO2 produced given the mass of CH4 consumed.
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This document provides an introduction to chemical reactions and how they are represented by chemical equations. It explains that chemical equations are balanced to show the same number of atoms of each element on both sides, as required by the law of conservation of mass which states that atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. It also gives examples of how to identify chemical reactions through observations of color change, gas formation, temperature change and more. Finally, it demonstrates how to balance chemical equations by ensuring the same number of each type of atom is on both sides of the equation.
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This document summarizes key concepts in stoichiometry including:
1) Chemical equations represent chemical reactions and show reactants on the left and products on the right. Coefficients are used to balance equations.
2) Formula weights are calculated by adding atomic weights of elements in a compound. Moles provide a connection between molecular and macroscopic scales.
3) Stoichiometric calculations use mole ratios from balanced equations to relate amounts of reactants and products. The limiting reactant determines the theoretical yield.
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Here are the step-by-step workings:
(a) The limiting reactant is Zn.
Zn has a molar mass of 65.38 g/mol. So 2.00 g of Zn is equal to 0.0306 mol of Zn.
CuCl2 has a molar mass of 134.45 g/mol. So 2.50 g of CuCl2 is equal to 0.0186 mol of CuCl2.
Zn is the limiting reactant since it is present in the smaller amount of 0.0306 mol.
(b) The balanced equation for the reaction is:
Zn(s) + CuCl2(aq) → Cu(s) + Zn
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Here are the steps to solve this problem using mole ratios:
1) Calculate the moles of C3H8 using its molar mass:
Molar mass of C3H8 = 44.11 g/mol
Moles of C3H8 = Mass of C3H8 / Molar mass of C3H8 = 3.52 g / 44.11 g/mol = 0.0798 mol
2) Use the mole ratio from the balanced equation:
Mole ratio of C3H8 to CO2 is 1:3
Moles of CO2 = Moles of C3H8 x Mole ratio = 0.0798 mol x 3 = 0.239 mol
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- Calculating moles and masses of reactants and products using balanced chemical equations and molar masses
- Identifying the limiting reactant that determines the theoretical yield of a reaction
- Calculating the theoretical and actual yields of a reaction and the percent yield
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- The limiting reactant is the first reactant to be used up in a chemical reaction. It determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed.
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This document provides an overview of chemical reactions and equations. It defines key terms like reactants, products, and stoichiometry. It also describes the major types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. An example equation for each type of reaction is given. The document explains how to write and balance chemical equations based on the law of conservation of mass. It indicates that stoichiometry is the study of amounts of substances involved in reactions.
Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikl...
Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikl...RamiscalMaChristinaM
Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikling guni-guni ng may-akda. Ito ay maaring likhang isip lamang o batay sa sariling karanasan na nag-iiwan ng isang kakintalan sa isipan ng bumabasa onakikinig. Ito ay maikli lamang at matatapos basahin sa isang upuan lamang. Iilan lamang ang mga tauhan. Ang mga kawal ng pangyayari ay maingat na inihanay batay sa pagkasunod-sunod nito.
Ang isang maikling kwento ay mga kwento na mamaari mong tapusin sa isang upuan lamang ng pagbabasa o kaya'y ang mga kwento na hindi inaabot ng araw para matapos.
Mga Uri ng Maikling Kwento
Ang maikling kwento ay may mga sumusunod na uri:
Kuwentong Nagsasalaysay - masaklaw, timbang na timbang ang mga bahagi, maluwag at hindi apurahan ang paglalahad.
Kuwentong Tauhan- binibigayng diin nito ang tauhan ng mga tauhang gumagalaw sa kuwento.
Kuwentong Katutubong Kulay - binibigyang diin nito ang tagpuan at kapaligiran ng isang pook. Masusing inilalarawan ang mga tao sa isang pook, pamumuhay nila, ang kanilang mga kaugalian at gawi na napapaloob sa kuwento.
Kuwentong Sikolohiko - nilalarawang mabuti nito ang mga tauhan sa isipan ng mga mambabasa upang maipadama ang damdamin at nararanasan ng isang tao sa harap ng isang pangyayari o sitawasyon.
Kuwentong Talino - mahusay ang pagkakabuo ng balangkas nito. Kailangang lumikha ang may akda ng makasuliraning kalagayan upang mamahay sa pag-aalinlangan hanggang ang takdang oras ay sumapit ang paglalahad ng kalutasan
Kuwento ng Katatawanan- ang takbo ng pangyayari ay may kabagalan at may mangilan-ngilang paglihis sa balangkas at galaw ng mga pangyayari.
Kuwento ng Katatakutan - pinupukaw nito ang kawilihan ng mambabasa sa halip na ang kilos sa kuwento. Binibigyang diin ang mga simulaing kaisahan at bias.
Kuwento ng kababalaghan - binibigyang diin nito amg mga bagay na kapana-panabik, hindi kapani-paniwala at salungat sa hustong bait, kaisipan at karanasan ng tao. Kataka-taka ang mga pangyayari subalit magbibigay ito ng kasiyahan sa mambabasa.
Kuwento ng Madulang Pangyayari - ang mga pang-yayari ay kapansin-pansin, lubahang mahalaga, nagbunga ng isang bigla at kakaibang pagbabago sa kapalaran ng mga tauhan.
Kuwento ng Pakikipagsapalarang Maromansa - nasa balangkas ang kawilihan sa halip na sa mga tauhan ang kawilihan, sa mga kawil ng mga pangyayari ang siyang bumabalot sa pangunahing tauhan. Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikling guni-guni ng may-akda. Ito ay maaring likhang isip lamang o batay sa sariling karanasan na nag-iiwan ng isang kakintalan sa isipan ng bumabasa onakikinig. Ito ay maikli lamang at matatapos basahin sa isang upuan lamang. Iilan lamang ang mga tauhan. Ang mga kawal ng pangyayari ay maingat na inihanay batay sa pagkasunod-sunod nito.
Ang isang maikling kwento ay mga kwento na mamaari mong tapusin sa isang upuan lamang ng pagbabasa o kaya'MAIKLING KWENTO ANG REGALO NG TAONG IBON
Ang maikling kuwento - binaybay ding maikling kwento - ay isang maiksing salaysay hinggil sa isang mahalagang pangyayaring kinasasangkutan ng isa o ilang tauhan at may iisang kakintalan o impresyon lamang. Isa itong masining na anyo ng panitikan. Tulad ng nobela at dula, isa rin itong paggagad ng realidad, kung ginagagad ang isang momento lamang o iyong isang madulang pangyayaring naganap sa buhay ng pangunahing tauhan. Si Deogracias A. Rosario ang tinuturing na "Ama ng Maikling Kuwento". Tinawag rin itong dagli noong panahon ng mga Amerikano at ginagawa itong libangan ng mga sundalo.
Ang alamat ay naiiba dito at sa kasaysayan bagamat may mga elemento ang dalawa. Ang ito ay di-totoo. Ang kasaysayan ay totoo, samantalang ang alamat ay may mga bahaging totoo at mayroon din naman na hindi totoo ang kuwento at kadalasang ang kuwento ay tungkol sa mga naganap sa di-totoong lugar at di-totoong panahon.
Kayarian
Bilang isang akdang pampanitikan, maaaring magsalaysay ng tuluy-tuloy ang maikling kuwento ng isang pangyayari hango sa tunay na buhay; may isa o ilang tauhan lamang, sumasaklaw sa maikling panahon, may isang kasukdulan, at nag-iiwan ng kakintalan o impresyon sa isip ng mambabasa.
Mga Elemento
Panimula- Dito nakasalalay ang kawilihan ng mga mambabasa. Dito rin kadalasang pinapakilala ang iba sa mga tauhan ng kuwento.
Saglit na Kasiglahan- Naglalahad ng panandaliang pagtatagpo ng mga tauhang masasangkot sa suliranin.
Suliranin- Problemang haharapin ng tauhan.
Tunggalian- May apat na uri: tao laban sa tao, tao laban sa sarili, tao laban sa lipunan, tao laban sa kapaligiran o kalikasan.
Kasukdulan- Makakamtan ng pangunahing tauhan ang katuparan o kasawian ng kanyang ipinaglalaban.
Kakalasan- Tulay sa wakas.
Wakas- Ito ang resolusyon o ang kahihinatnan ng kuwento.
Tagpuan- nakasaad ang lugar na pinangyayarihan ng mga aksiyon o mga insidente, gayundin ang panahon kung kailan naganap ang kuwento.
Paksang Diwa- pinaka kaluluwa ng maikling kuwento.
Kaisipan- mensahe ng kuwento.
Banghay- pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari sa kwento
Mga uri
May sampung uri ng maikling kuwento:
Sa kuwento ng tauhan inilalarawan ang mga pangyayaring pangkaugalian ng mga tauhang nagsisiganap upang mabigyan ng kabuuan ang pag-unawa sa kanila ng isang mambabasa.
Sa kuwento ng katutubong kulay binibigyang-diin ang kapaligiran at mga pananamit ng mga tauhan, ang uri ng pamumuhay, at hanapbuhay ng mga tao sa nasabing pook.
Sa kuwentong bayan nilalahad ang mga kuwentong pinag-uusapan sa kasalukuyan ng buong bayan.
Sa kuwento ng kababalaghan pinag-uusapan ang mga salaysaying hindi kapanipaniwala.
Naglalaman ang kuwento ng katatakutan ng mga pangyayaring kasindak-sindak.
Sa kuwento ng madulang pangyayari binibigyang diin ang kapanapanabik at mahahalagang pangyayari na nakapagpapaiba o nakapagbago sa tauhan.
Sa kuwento ng sikolohiko ipinadarama sa mga mambabasa ang damdamin ng isang tao sa harap ng isang
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1) Chemical equations represent chemical reactions and show reactants on the left and products on the right. Coefficients are used to balance equations.
2) Formula weights are calculated by adding atomic weights of elements in a compound. Moles provide a connection between molecular and macroscopic scales.
3) Stoichiometric calculations use mole ratios from balanced equations to relate amounts of reactants and products. The limiting reactant determines the theoretical yield.
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Here are the step-by-step workings:
(a) The limiting reactant is Zn.
Zn has a molar mass of 65.38 g/mol. So 2.00 g of Zn is equal to 0.0306 mol of Zn.
CuCl2 has a molar mass of 134.45 g/mol. So 2.50 g of CuCl2 is equal to 0.0186 mol of CuCl2.
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Here are the steps to solve this problem using mole ratios:
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Molar mass of C3H8 = 44.11 g/mol
Moles of C3H8 = Mass of C3H8 / Molar mass of C3H8 = 3.52 g / 44.11 g/mol = 0.0798 mol
2) Use the mole ratio from the balanced equation:
Mole ratio of C3H8 to CO2 is 1:3
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3. A second example considered the equilibrium between P, Q, R, and S. When 1 mole each of P and Q were reacted and equilibrium reached, 0.6 moles of P remained. This allows calculation of the moles of each species at equilibrium.
Estequiometría de las reacciones
This document discusses stoichiometry, which is the quantitative study of chemical reactions. It provides definitions of key terms used in stoichiometry such as mole, molar mass, and molar volume. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate the percent composition of compounds and determine empirical formulas from elemental analysis data. The three main stoichiometric laws - the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions, and the law of multiple proportions - are also summarized. Overall, the document outlines fundamental concepts and principles of stoichiometry used in quantitative chemical calculations.
Unit 13 Power Point
This document provides an overview of chemical reactions and equations. It defines key terms like reactants, products, and stoichiometry. It also describes the major types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. An example equation for each type of reaction is given. The document explains how to write and balance chemical equations based on the law of conservation of mass. It indicates that stoichiometry is the study of amounts of substances involved in reactions.
Similar to chemistrystoichiometry-200828050319-1.pptx (20)
More from RamiscalMaChristinaM
Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikl...
Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikl...RamiscalMaChristinaM
Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikling guni-guni ng may-akda. Ito ay maaring likhang isip lamang o batay sa sariling karanasan na nag-iiwan ng isang kakintalan sa isipan ng bumabasa onakikinig. Ito ay maikli lamang at matatapos basahin sa isang upuan lamang. Iilan lamang ang mga tauhan. Ang mga kawal ng pangyayari ay maingat na inihanay batay sa pagkasunod-sunod nito.
Ang isang maikling kwento ay mga kwento na mamaari mong tapusin sa isang upuan lamang ng pagbabasa o kaya'y ang mga kwento na hindi inaabot ng araw para matapos.
Mga Uri ng Maikling Kwento
Ang maikling kwento ay may mga sumusunod na uri:
Kuwentong Nagsasalaysay - masaklaw, timbang na timbang ang mga bahagi, maluwag at hindi apurahan ang paglalahad.
Kuwentong Tauhan- binibigayng diin nito ang tauhan ng mga tauhang gumagalaw sa kuwento.
Kuwentong Katutubong Kulay - binibigyang diin nito ang tagpuan at kapaligiran ng isang pook. Masusing inilalarawan ang mga tao sa isang pook, pamumuhay nila, ang kanilang mga kaugalian at gawi na napapaloob sa kuwento.
Kuwentong Sikolohiko - nilalarawang mabuti nito ang mga tauhan sa isipan ng mga mambabasa upang maipadama ang damdamin at nararanasan ng isang tao sa harap ng isang pangyayari o sitawasyon.
Kuwentong Talino - mahusay ang pagkakabuo ng balangkas nito. Kailangang lumikha ang may akda ng makasuliraning kalagayan upang mamahay sa pag-aalinlangan hanggang ang takdang oras ay sumapit ang paglalahad ng kalutasan
Kuwento ng Katatawanan- ang takbo ng pangyayari ay may kabagalan at may mangilan-ngilang paglihis sa balangkas at galaw ng mga pangyayari.
Kuwento ng Katatakutan - pinupukaw nito ang kawilihan ng mambabasa sa halip na ang kilos sa kuwento. Binibigyang diin ang mga simulaing kaisahan at bias.
Kuwento ng kababalaghan - binibigyang diin nito amg mga bagay na kapana-panabik, hindi kapani-paniwala at salungat sa hustong bait, kaisipan at karanasan ng tao. Kataka-taka ang mga pangyayari subalit magbibigay ito ng kasiyahan sa mambabasa.
Kuwento ng Madulang Pangyayari - ang mga pang-yayari ay kapansin-pansin, lubahang mahalaga, nagbunga ng isang bigla at kakaibang pagbabago sa kapalaran ng mga tauhan.
Kuwento ng Pakikipagsapalarang Maromansa - nasa balangkas ang kawilihan sa halip na sa mga tauhan ang kawilihan, sa mga kawil ng mga pangyayari ang siyang bumabalot sa pangunahing tauhan. Ang maikling kwento o katha ay isang uri ng panitikan na bunga ng isang maikling guni-guni ng may-akda. Ito ay maaring likhang isip lamang o batay sa sariling karanasan na nag-iiwan ng isang kakintalan sa isipan ng bumabasa onakikinig. Ito ay maikli lamang at matatapos basahin sa isang upuan lamang. Iilan lamang ang mga tauhan. Ang mga kawal ng pangyayari ay maingat na inihanay batay sa pagkasunod-sunod nito.
Ang isang maikling kwento ay mga kwento na mamaari mong tapusin sa isang upuan lamang ng pagbabasa o kaya'MAIKLING KWENTO ANG REGALO NG TAONG IBON
Ang maikling kuwento - binaybay ding maikling kwento - ay isang maiksing salaysay hinggil sa isang mahalagang pangyayaring kinasasangkutan ng isa o ilang tauhan at may iisang kakintalan o impresyon lamang. Isa itong masining na anyo ng panitikan. Tulad ng nobela at dula, isa rin itong paggagad ng realidad, kung ginagagad ang isang momento lamang o iyong isang madulang pangyayaring naganap sa buhay ng pangunahing tauhan. Si Deogracias A. Rosario ang tinuturing na "Ama ng Maikling Kuwento". Tinawag rin itong dagli noong panahon ng mga Amerikano at ginagawa itong libangan ng mga sundalo.
Ang alamat ay naiiba dito at sa kasaysayan bagamat may mga elemento ang dalawa. Ang ito ay di-totoo. Ang kasaysayan ay totoo, samantalang ang alamat ay may mga bahaging totoo at mayroon din naman na hindi totoo ang kuwento at kadalasang ang kuwento ay tungkol sa mga naganap sa di-totoong lugar at di-totoong panahon.
Kayarian
Bilang isang akdang pampanitikan, maaaring magsalaysay ng tuluy-tuloy ang maikling kuwento ng isang pangyayari hango sa tunay na buhay; may isa o ilang tauhan lamang, sumasaklaw sa maikling panahon, may isang kasukdulan, at nag-iiwan ng kakintalan o impresyon sa isip ng mambabasa.
Mga Elemento
Panimula- Dito nakasalalay ang kawilihan ng mga mambabasa. Dito rin kadalasang pinapakilala ang iba sa mga tauhan ng kuwento.
Saglit na Kasiglahan- Naglalahad ng panandaliang pagtatagpo ng mga tauhang masasangkot sa suliranin.
Suliranin- Problemang haharapin ng tauhan.
Tunggalian- May apat na uri: tao laban sa tao, tao laban sa sarili, tao laban sa lipunan, tao laban sa kapaligiran o kalikasan.
Kasukdulan- Makakamtan ng pangunahing tauhan ang katuparan o kasawian ng kanyang ipinaglalaban.
Kakalasan- Tulay sa wakas.
Wakas- Ito ang resolusyon o ang kahihinatnan ng kuwento.
Tagpuan- nakasaad ang lugar na pinangyayarihan ng mga aksiyon o mga insidente, gayundin ang panahon kung kailan naganap ang kuwento.
Paksang Diwa- pinaka kaluluwa ng maikling kuwento.
Kaisipan- mensahe ng kuwento.
Banghay- pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari sa kwento
Mga uri
May sampung uri ng maikling kuwento:
Sa kuwento ng tauhan inilalarawan ang mga pangyayaring pangkaugalian ng mga tauhang nagsisiganap upang mabigyan ng kabuuan ang pag-unawa sa kanila ng isang mambabasa.
Sa kuwento ng katutubong kulay binibigyang-diin ang kapaligiran at mga pananamit ng mga tauhan, ang uri ng pamumuhay, at hanapbuhay ng mga tao sa nasabing pook.
Sa kuwentong bayan nilalahad ang mga kuwentong pinag-uusapan sa kasalukuyan ng buong bayan.
Sa kuwento ng kababalaghan pinag-uusapan ang mga salaysaying hindi kapanipaniwala.
Naglalaman ang kuwento ng katatakutan ng mga pangyayaring kasindak-sindak.
Sa kuwento ng madulang pangyayari binibigyang diin ang kapanapanabik at mahahalagang pangyayari na nakapagpapaiba o nakapagbago sa tauhan.
Sa kuwento ng sikolohiko ipinadarama sa mga mambabasa ang damdamin ng isang tao sa harap ng isang
BAKING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT.pptx
s a published baking cookbook author, I’ve tested out MANY baking tools. And this Best Baking Tools list is a great place to start if you’re a beginner baker, are creating a registry, or are shopping for a gift for someone who likes to bake (or wants to learn). I also have a complete Recommended Baking Tools page.
graphic displaying kitchen tools photos with text 14 must have baking tools on top.
I’ve been baking for as long as I can remember. And with more than 1,300 published recipes on my website and in my books, you can bet I’ve gone through my fair share of kitchen tools! Along the way, I’ve learned exactly what works best and why; which tools are essential for baking (and which tools you can live without); as well as which brands provide the best quality and value for the price.
Consider this your one-stop-shop for stocking a baker’s kitchen, narrowed down to the 14 most essential baking tools.
The 14 Best Baking Tools I Use
All of the baking tools in this list are items I own. I list 14 here (now with a bonus 15th recommendation) but some include more than 1 item. Use your best judgment on which items you would use based on my descriptions. None of this post is sponsored—truly just items I love and am happy to recommend to fellow home bakers. A lot of these links are affiliate links.
1. OVEN THERMOMETER
What I own and love: Rubbermaid Oven Thermometer
Quantity recommended: 1 per oven
Unless you have a brand-new or regularly calibrated oven, your oven’s temperature is likely inaccurate. When you set your oven to 350°F, it might not really be 350°F inside. It could be off by only a little—or it could be off by a lot! You could do everything the recipe instructs exactly right, but if your oven is off, you’ll be left wondering what you did wrong. Such a waste of your time and money!
The inexpensive remedy (or preventive measure) is an oven thermometer. Place it in your oven so you always know the actual temperature.
Mga Hakbang sa Pagsulat ng Pananaliksik.pptx
Marami satin ang di nakakapansin sa kagandahang dulot ng kalikasan, sabay sa di pag pansin sa taglay na kagandahan ang patuloy na pagkasira nito. Pero kung paano nga kung lahat sa atin ay nakapansin nito? Ano ang ating puwedeng gawing aksyon sa umiiral na pagkasira ng kalikasan? Kung ikaw man ay isang guro, estudyante, o isang propesyonal. Meron tayong magagawa upang pabagalin o maibsan man lang ang mabilis na pagbabago sa paligid na ating ngayo’y nararamdaman simple man o sa komplikadong paraan. Mayroon akong nakalatag na 10 simpleng paraan upang makatulong sa ating kapaligiran.
1) Magtanim ng halaman at mga puno.
0003404101_10
Image source: https://sound4good.bandcamp.com/album/this-music-plants-trees
Dahil sa pagtaas ng populasyon at pagtaas sa mga pangangailangan ng mga tao sa araw-araw, mas kinakailangan na magputol pa ng mas maraming puno upang magamit sa mga gamit pang araw-araw. Kailangan nating magtanim ng puno dahil ito’y nagbibigay oxygen na kailangan ng ating katawan upang mabuhay. Iba pang naitutulong nito ay ang paghigop ng tubig tuwing may kalamidad o baha, nagbibigay din ito ng ‘raw’ na materyales upang makagawa ng isang produkto.
2) Huwag mag aksaya ng papel.
close up photography of crumpled paper
Photo by Steve Johnson on Pexels.com
Ang pagbabawas ng paggamit ng papel ay dapat matutunan, base sa unang paraan kailangan magtanim ng puno dahil isa ito sa pinagkukunan ng materyales upang gawing papel. Kaya kung gagamitin natin ang papel sa angkop na paraan pwede tayong makamabag upang mabawasan ang pagpuputol ng puno. Ilang paraan dito ay ang paggamit sa likod ng papel, magpasa ng proyekto sa pamamagitan ng internet at marami pang iba.
3) Mag ‘recycle’ ng mga basura.
person hands on assorted color plastic lid lot
Photo by Krizjohn Rosales on Pexels.com
Araw-araw malaki ang nalilikom na plastik, biomass waste, metal at iba pa sa ating bansa. Mga basurang dahilan ng polusyon sa hangin, lupa at tubig na nakakasira ng kalikasan. Sa madaling paraan puwewede nating mabawasan ang mga basura na nakatambak sa ating tahanan. Ilan rin dito ang pagawa ng paso ng halaman,lalagyan ng mga lapis at materyales sa paggawa ng sining, parol, at marami pang bagay na puwedeng gawin sa plastik.
4) Pagbabawal sa paggamit ng plastik na supot
paper bags near wall
Photo by freestocks.org on Pexels.com
Alam naman nating lahat na ang plastik ay di mabilis matunaw kailangan ng maraming taon bago ito tuluyang mawala. Isa rin ang plastik sa pinaaraming basura sa makikita sa mga land fills. Ugaliing gumamit ng mga paper bag pag namimili o kaya naman magdala ng sariling lalagyan. At kung hindi maiiwasan, maari itong gamitin pa ulit sa pamimili para di na ulit kumonsumo ng isa pang
Pangangalaga sa Kalagayang Ekolohiko ng Asya.pptx
Marami satin ang di nakakapansin sa kagandahang dulot ng kalikasan, sabay sa di pag pansin sa taglay na kagandahan ang patuloy na pagkasira nito. Pero kung paano nga kung lahat sa atin ay nakapansin nito? Ano ang ating puwedeng gawing aksyon sa umiiral na pagkasira ng kalikasan? Kung ikaw man ay isang guro, estudyante, o isang propesyonal. Meron tayong magagawa upang pabagalin o maibsan man lang ang mabilis na pagbabago sa paligid na ating ngayo’y nararamdaman simple man o sa komplikadong paraan. Mayroon akong nakalatag na 10 simpleng paraan upang makatulong sa ating kapaligiran.
1) Magtanim ng halaman at mga puno.
0003404101_10
Image source: https://sound4good.bandcamp.com/album/this-music-plants-trees
Dahil sa pagtaas ng populasyon at pagtaas sa mga pangangailangan ng mga tao sa araw-araw, mas kinakailangan na magputol pa ng mas maraming puno upang magamit sa mga gamit pang araw-araw. Kailangan nating magtanim ng puno dahil ito’y nagbibigay oxygen na kailangan ng ating katawan upang mabuhay. Iba pang naitutulong nito ay ang paghigop ng tubig tuwing may kalamidad o baha, nagbibigay din ito ng ‘raw’ na materyales upang makagawa ng isang produkto.
2) Huwag mag aksaya ng papel.
close up photography of crumpled paper
Photo by Steve Johnson on Pexels.com
Ang pagbabawas ng paggamit ng papel ay dapat matutunan, base sa unang paraan kailangan magtanim ng puno dahil isa ito sa pinagkukunan ng materyales upang gawing papel. Kaya kung gagamitin natin ang papel sa angkop na paraan pwede tayong makamabag upang mabawasan ang pagpuputol ng puno. Ilang paraan dito ay ang paggamit sa likod ng papel, magpasa ng proyekto sa pamamagitan ng internet at marami pang iba.
3) Mag ‘recycle’ ng mga basura.
person hands on assorted color plastic lid lot
Photo by Krizjohn Rosales on Pexels.com
Araw-araw malaki ang nalilikom na plastik, biomass waste, metal at iba pa sa ating bansa. Mga basurang dahilan ng polusyon sa hangin, lupa at tubig na nakakasira ng kalikasan. Sa madaling paraan puwewede nating mabawasan ang mga basura na nakatambak sa ating tahanan. Ilan rin dito ang pagawa ng paso ng halaman,lalagyan ng mga lapis at materyales sa paggawa ng sining, parol, at marami pang bagay na puwedeng gawin sa plastik.
4) Pagbabawal sa paggamit ng plastik na supot
paper bags near wall
Photo by freestocks.org on Pexels.com
Alam naman nating lahat na ang plastik ay di mabilis matunaw kailangan ng maraming taon bago ito tuluyang mawala. Isa rin ang plastik sa pinaaraming basura sa makikita sa mga land fills. Ugaliing gumamit ng mga paper bag pag namimili o kaya naman magdala ng sariling lalagyan. At kung hindi maiiwasan, maari itong gamitin pa ulit sa pamimili para di na ulit kumonsumo ng isa pang
Interest.pptx
What Is Interest?
Interest is the monetary charge for the privilege of borrowing money. Interest expense or revenue is often expressed as a dollar amount, while the interest rate used to calculate interest is typically expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR). Interest is the amount of money a lender or financial institution receives for lending out money. Interest can also refer to the amount of ownership a stockholder has in a company, usually expressed as a percentage.
Key Takeaways
Interest is the monetary charge for borrowing money—generally expressed as a percentage, such as an annual percentage rate (APR).
Interest may be earned by lenders for the use of their funds or paid by borrowers for the use of those funds.
Interest is often considered simple interest (based on the principal amount) or compound interest (based on principal and previously-earned interest).
Interest is often associated with credit cards, mortgages, car loans, private loans, savings accounts, or penalty assessments.
Interest is highly dependent on macroeconomic policy dictated by the Federal Reserve's Federal funds rate.
SCIENCE-7_PPT_WLP1.pptx
This document discusses key characteristics of science such as objectivity, accuracy, verifiability, ethical neutrality, systematic exploration, reliability, precision, predictability, and abstractness. It provides definitions and explanations of these concepts. For example, it states that objectivity means scientific claims should not be influenced by biases or interests. Verifiability means providing evidence to support statements being true. Ethical neutrality implies research is free of bias. Precision refers to the accuracy and repeatability of measurements. The document also contains examples applying these scientific concepts.
constellation final.pptx
A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern or picture like Orion the Great Hunter, Leo the Lion, or Taurus the Bull. Constellations are easily recognizable patterns that help people orient themselves using the night sky. There are 88 “official” constellations.
MAIKLING KWENTO.pptx
Ang maikling kuwento - binaybay ding maikling kwento - ay isang maiksing salaysay hinggil sa isang mahalagang pangyayaring kinasasangkutan ng isa o ilang tauhan at may iisang kakintalan o impresyon lamang. Isa itong masining na anyo ng panitikan. Tulad ng nobela at dula, isa rin itong paggagad ng realidad, kung ginagagad ang isang momento lamang o iyong isang madulang pangyayaring naganap sa buhay ng pangunahing tauhan. Si Deogracias A. Rosario ang tinuturing na "Ama ng Maikling Kuwento". Tinawag rin itong dagli noong panahon ng mga Amerikano at ginagawa itong libangan ng mga sundalo.
Ang alamat ay naiiba dito at sa kasaysayan bagamat may mga elemento ang dalawa. Ang ito ay di-totoo. Ang kasaysayan ay totoo, samantalang ang alamat ay may mga bahaging totoo at mayroon din naman na hindi totoo ang kuwento at kadalasang ang kuwento ay tungkol sa mga naganap sa di-totoong lugar at di-totoong panahon.
Kayarian
Bilang isang akdang pampanitikan, maaaring magsalaysay ng tuluy-tuloy ang maikling kuwento ng isang pangyayari hango sa tunay na buhay; may isa o ilang tauhan lamang, sumasaklaw sa maikling panahon, may isang kasukdulan, at nag-iiwan ng kakintalan o impresyon sa isip ng mambabasa.
Mga Elemento
Panimula- Dito nakasalalay ang kawilihan ng mga mambabasa. Dito rin kadalasang pinapakilala ang iba sa mga tauhan ng kuwento.
Saglit na Kasiglahan- Naglalahad ng panandaliang pagtatagpo ng mga tauhang masasangkot sa suliranin.
Suliranin- Problemang haharapin ng tauhan.
Tunggalian- May apat na uri: tao laban sa tao, tao laban sa sarili, tao laban sa lipunan, tao laban sa kapaligiran o kalikasan.
Kasukdulan- Makakamtan ng pangunahing tauhan ang katuparan o kasawian ng kanyang ipinaglalaban.
Kakalasan- Tulay sa wakas.
Wakas- Ito ang resolusyon o ang kahihinatnan ng kuwento.
Tagpuan- nakasaad ang lugar na pinangyayarihan ng mga aksiyon o mga insidente, gayundin ang panahon kung kailan naganap ang kuwento.
Paksang Diwa- pinaka kaluluwa ng maikling kuwento.
Kaisipan- mensahe ng kuwento.
Banghay- pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari sa kwento
english past present future.pptx
People also ask
What is English in simple words?
English means belonging or relating to England, or to its people, language, or culture. It is also often used to mean belonging or relating to Great Britain, although many people object to this. ...
geologic time scale_gen bio 2.pptx
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective[1] is to precisely define global chronostratigraphic units of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (ICC)[2] that are used to define divisions of geologic time. The chronostratigraphic divisions are in turn used to define geochronologic units.[2]
While some regional terms are still in use,[3] the table of geologic time presented in this article conforms to the nomenclature, ages, and color codes set forth by the ICS as this is the standard, reference global geologic time scale – the International Geological Time Scale.[1][
health-intentionalinjuries-180627144350-1.pptx
One of the most enduring products of the Renaissance theatre was the opera. It grew out of experiments by the Camerata, a Florentine society of poets and musicians that at the end of the 16th century sought to revive Greek tragedy. The men who formed the Camerata believed that the Greeks had originally recited or chanted their plays to music, and in setting out to recreate these conditions, the Camerata used music to heighten the poetic qualities of the dialogue. Heavily influenced by the intermezzi that were currently in fashion, the first attempts were on mythological subjects (Daphne, Orpheus, etc.). The opera was an immediate success. The novelty impact of the music meant that the libretto diminished in importance. By 1607 Claudio Monteverdi had composed his masterpiece, Orfeo, which placed the emphasis squarely on music and established the basic form that European opera was to take for the next 300 years.
At first, opera was performed on special occasions intended to display the patron’s status and wealth; thus it was politically important. Great care was lavished on the visual aspects of the opera, and the librettos gave ample opportunities for scene painters and stage engineers to exploit their new mastery of perspective. As the scenery became more opulent, so the shape of the theatre was altered to accommodate it. The proscenium arch was developed to frame the setting and facilitate changes of scenery, while the auditorium was extended to a horseshoe shape. The earliest example of this type of theatre was the Teatro Farnese in Parma (1618–28), the prototype of the modern opera house. From its exclusive beginnings, the appeal of opera broadened, and in 1637 the first opera house was opened to the general public in Venice. By this time, the form had also caught on in Vienna.
Commedia dell’arte
Around the mid-16th century, there emerged in Italy a lively tradition of popular theatre that fused many disparate elements into a vigorous style, which profoundly influenced the development of European theatre. This was the legendary commedia dell’arte (“theatre of the professionals”), a nonliterary tradition that centred on the actor, as distinguished from the commedia erudita, where the writer was preeminent. Although the precise origins of the commedia dell’arte are difficult to establish, its many similarities with the skills of the medieval jongleurs, who were themselves descendants of the Roman mimes, suggest that it may have been a reawakening of the fabula Atellana, stimulated and coloured by social conditions in Italy during the Renaissance.
commedia dell'arte troupe
commedia dell'arte troupe
In spite of its outwardly anarchic spirit, the commedia dell’arte was a highly disciplined art requiring both virtuosity and a strong sense of ensemble playing. Its special quality came from improvisation. Working from a scenario that outlined the plot, the actors would improvise their own dialogue, striving for a balance of words and actions. Acrob
frog dissection 2014.pptx
The document outlines the key internal and external anatomy of frogs, including organs like the liver, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, and reproductive systems. It describes external features such as the nictitating membrane that protects the eyes and the tympanum for hearing. The text also indicates how to determine the sex of a frog by examining the thumb and lists the major organs and their functions discovered during a frog dissection.
thephilippineenvironment-150312020049-conversion-gate01(1).pptx
1. The Philippines has abundant natural resources due to its geography as an archipelago, including forests, fertile agricultural lands, extensive coastlines and fisheries, and rich mineral deposits. However, many of these natural resources face threats from environmental problems like overfishing, coastal development destroying ecosystems, deforestation, and pollution.
2. To protect its natural resources, the Philippines must address challenges like weak enforcement of environmental laws, inconsistent regulations, and lack of funding for conservation efforts. Sustainable management and conservation of the country's biodiversity and ecosystems are needed to ensure natural resources can continue supporting the economy and people.
biomod4lessons1and2growthinplantsandanimals-150519163033-lva1-app6891-1.pptx
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Biology (disambiguation).
"Biological" redirects here. For other uses, see Biological (disambiguation).
Biology is the science of life. It spans multiple levels from biomolecules and cells to organisms and populations.
Part of a series on
Biology
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vte
Biology is the scientific study of life.[1][2][3] It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field.[1][2][3] For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generations. Another major theme is evolution, which explains the unity and diversity of life.[1][2][3] Energy processing is also important to life as it allows organisms to move, grow, and reproduce.[1][2][3] Finally, all organisms are able to regulate their own internal environments.[1][2][3][4][5]
Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization,[1] from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations.[1][6] Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use.[7][8][9] Like other scientists, biologists use the scientific method to make observations, pose questions, generate hypotheses, perform experiments, and form conclusions about the world around them.[1]
Life on Earth, which emerged more than 3.7 billion years ago,[10] is immensely diverse. Biologists have sought to study and classify the various forms of life, from prokaryotic organisms such as archaea and bacteria to eukaryotic organisms such as protists, fungi, plants, and animals. These various organisms contribute to the biodiversity of an ecosystem, where they play specialized roles in the cycling of nutrients and energy through their biophysical environment.
History
Main article: History of biology
A drawing of a fly from facing up, with wing detail
Diagram of a fly from Robert Hooke's innovative Micrographia, 1665.
The earliest of roots of science, which included medicine, can be traced to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE.[11][12] Their contributions shaped ancient Greek natural philosophy.[11][12][13][14] Ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle (384–322 BCE) contributed extensively to the development of biological knowledge. He explored biological causation and the diversity of life. His successor, Theophrastus, began the scientific study of plants.[15] Scholars of the medieval Islamic world who wrote on biology included al-Jahiz (781–869), Al-Dīnawar
ALAMAT.pptx
Ang alamat ay isang uri ng kuwentong bayan at panitikan na nagsasalaysay ng mga pinagmulan ng mga bagay-bagay sa daigdig. Bagama't karaniwan nang sinasabi bilang "totoo" na mga kuwento, ang mga alamat ay kadalasang naglalaman ng mga supernatural, kakaiba, o napaka-imposibleng elemento. Ang ilan sa mga pinakatanyag na alamat sa mundo ay nabubuhay bilang mga tekstong pampanitikan, tulad ng "Odisea" (Griyego: Ὀδύσσεια, Odússeia o Odísia; Ingles: Odyssey) ni Homer at mga kuwento ni Chrétien de Troyes tungkol kay King Arthur.
Mga lahing nag-ambag sa pag-unlad ng panitikan.
Indones
Nag-impluwensya sa mga alamat nating ukol sa mga anito, santo, bathala at dakilang lumikha.
Malay
Nagdala ng "alifbata" o alibata na isang uri ng paraan nang-pagsusulat,dahil dito na isatitik ang mga panitikan sa mga kawayan,dahon,balat ng puno at sa mga bato.
Tsino, Indiano, Arabe at Persyano
Nag dala ng papel at mga kulturang nakapag ambag sa pag-unlad pa ng ating panitikan.
FILIPINO 8.pptx
Filipinos (Tagalog: Mga Pilipino)[50] are citizens or people identified with the country of the Philippines. The majority of Filipinos today come from various Austronesian ethnolinguistic groups, all typically speaking either Filipino, English, and/or other Philippine languages. Currently, there are more than 185 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines; each with its own language, identity, culture, and history.
Names
See also: Name of the Philippines
The name Filipino, as a demonym, was derived from the term Las Islas Filipinas ("the Philippine Islands"),[51] the name given to the archipelago in 1543 by the Spanish explorer and Dominican priest Ruy López de Villalobos, in honor of Philip II of Spain (Spanish: Felipe II).[52] During the Spanish colonial period, natives of the Philippine islands were usually known by the generic terms chino ("Chino") [53] [54] or indigenta ("indigents").[55] However, during the early Spanish colonial period the term Filipinos or Philipinos was sometimes used by Spanish writers to distinguish the indio chino natives of the Philippine archipelago from the indios of the Spanish colonies in the Americas, which were free people and legally barred from being used as slaves, unlike Filipinos. [56] [57] [52] The term Indio Filipino appears as a term of self-identification beginning in the 18th century.[52]
In 1955, Agnes Newton Keith wrote that a 19th century edict prohibited the use of the word "Filipino" to refer to indios. This reflected popular belief, although no such edict has been found.[52] The idea that the term Filipino was not used to refer to indios until the 19th century has also been mentioned by historians such as Salah Jubair[58] and Renato Constantino.[59] However, in a 1994 publication the historian William Henry Scott identified instances in Spanish writing where "Filipino" did refer to "indio" natives.[60] Instances of such usage include the Relación de las Islas Filipinas (1604) of Pedro Chirino, in which he wrote chapters entitled "Of the civilities, terms of courtesy, and good breeding among the Filipinos" (Chapter XVI), "Of the Letters of the Filipinos" (Chapter XVII), "Concerning the false heathen religion, idolatries, and superstitions of the Filipinos" (Chapter XXI), "Of marriages, dowries, and divorces among the Filipinos" (Chapter XXX),[61] while also using the term "Filipino" to refer unequivocally to the non-Spaniard natives of the archipelago like in the following sentence:
The first and last concern of the Filipinos in cases of sickness was, as we have stated, to offer some sacrifice to their anitos or diwatas, which were their gods.[62]
— Pedro Chirino, Relación de las Islas Filipinas
In the Crónicas (1738) of Juan Francisco de San Antonio, the author devoted a chapter to "The Letters, languages and politeness of the Philippinos", while Francisco Antolín argued in 1789 that "the ancient wealth of the Philippinos is much like that which the Igorots have at present".[52] These
PANG-ABAY NA PAMANAHON.pptx
Photograph your local culture, help Wikipedia and win!
Itago
Mga nilalaman
Simula
Uri ng Pang-abay
Pamanahon
Panlunan
Pamaraan
Pang-agam
Ingklitik
Benepaktibo
Kusatibo
Kondisyonal
Panang-ayon
Pananggi
Panggaano o pampanukat
Pamitagan
Mga sanggunian
Mga Sipi
Mga Pinagkukunan
Pang-abay
Artikulo
Usapan
Basahin
Baguhin
Baguhin ang wikitext
Tingnan ang kasaysayan
Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Wikibooks
Mayroon sa Wikibooks ng patungkol sa Pang-abay.
Ang pang-abay o lampibadyâ [1] ay mga salitang naglalarawan sa pandiwa, pang-uri at kapwa pang-abay.
Uri ng Pang-abay
Mayroong labing-dalawa na uri ang pang-abay ito ay:
Pamanahon
Ang pang-abay na pamanahon ay nagsasaad kung kailan naganap,ginaganap o gaganapin ang isang pangyayari o kilos.
Mayroon itong tatlong uri:
May pananda - nang, sa, noon, kung, kapag, tuwing, buhat, mula, umpisa, at hanggang
Halimbawa: "Kailangan mo bang pumasok nang araw-araw?"
Walang pananda - kahapon, kanina, ngayon, mamaya, bukas, sandali, at iba pa
Halimbawa: "Manonood kami bukas ng pambansang pagtatanghal ng dulang Pilipino."
Nagsasaad ng dalas - araw-araw, tuwing umaga, taun-taon, at iba pa
Halimbawa: "Tuwing buwan ng Mayo ay nagdaraos kami sa aming pook ng santakrusan."
Panlunan
Ito ay nagsasaad ng lugar kung saan naganap ang pangyayari. Samakatuwid, ito ay nagsasabi kung saan ginawa, ginagawa, at gagawin ang kilos sa pangungusap; sa ibang pananalita ay tumutukoy ito sa pook na pinangyarihan, o pangyayarihan ng kilos sa pandiwa. Karaniwang ginagamit ang mga pariralang may sa, kina o kay.
Ginagamit ang sa kapag ang kasunod ay isang pangngalang pambalana o isang panghalip. Ginagamit naman ang kay at kina kapag ang kasunod ay pangngalang pantangi na pangalan ng isang tao.
Halimbawa: "Maraming masasarap na ulam ang itinitinda sa kantina." ; "Nagpaluto ako kina Aling Inggay ng masarap na mamon para sa kaarawan."
Pamaraan
Ito ay naglalarawan kung paano naganap, nagaganap, o magaganap ang kilos na ipinahahayag ng pandiwa. Ginagamit sa ganitong uri ng pang-abay ang mga panandang nang, na, at -ng. Halimbawa nito ay magaling, mabilis, maaga, masipag, mabait, maganda at iba pa.
Halimbawa: "Sinakal niya ako nang mahigpit."
Pang-agam
Ito ay nagbabadya ng hindi o kawalan ng katiyakan sa pagganap sa kilos ng pandiwa. Ginagamit sa pangungusap ang mga pariralang marahil, siguro, tila, baka, wari, parang, at iba pa.
Halimbawa: "Marami na marahil ang nakabalita tungkol sa pasya ng Sandiganbayan."
Ingklitik
Ito ay mga kataga sa Filipino na karaniwang nakikita pagkatapos ng unang salita sa pangungusap. Ito ay ang man, kasi, sana, nang, kaya, yata, tuloy, lamang/lang, din/rin, ba, pa, muna, pala, na, naman at daw/raw.
Halimbawa: "Lasing na yata siya."
Benepaktibo
Ito ay nagsasaad ng benepisyo para sa isang tao. Ito ay karaniwang binubuo ng pariralang pinangungunahan ng para sa.
Halimbawa: "Ang ikinokolek
SOLUTIONS.pptx
solution, in chemistry, a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is commonly applied to the liquid state of matter, but solutions of gases and solids are possible. Air, for example, is a solution consisting chiefly of oxygen and nitrogen with trace amounts of several other gases, and brass is a solution composed of copper and zinc.
A brief treatment of solutions follows. For full treatment, see liquid: Solutions and solubilities.
Properties of solutions 1.pptx
solution, in chemistry, a homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to what is called the limit of solubility. The term solution is commonly applied to the liquid state of matter, but solutions of gases and solids are possible. Air, for example, is a solution consisting chiefly of oxygen and nitrogen with trace amounts of several other gases, and brass is a solution composed of copper and zinc.
A brief treatment of solutions follows. For full treatment, see liquid: Solutions and solubilities.
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- 3. Stoichiometry Stoicheion [Gr. “element” or “part”] Metron [Gr. “measure”] Study of quantitative aspects of chemical formulas and reactions
- 5. Recipes +
- 6. Recipes + Meat + Boiling Water = Stock
- 7. Recipes + Water + Sugar = Soft Candy
- 8. Recipes + Flour + Eggs + Milk + Sugar = Cake
- 9. Similarly… • Chemical reactions have ingredients (reactants) and finished products. • Some are simple while others are complex. • Both obey the Law of Conservation of Mass. (What you put in is what you get)
- 10. ChemicalReactions In chemical reactions, we use moles and molar mass as our measurement. Moles to measure amount of substance. Molar mass to measure the ratio of mass and amount of substance Chemical reactions are expressed as chemical equations
- 11. ChemicalReactions Chemical reactions are expressed in chemical equations (our “recipe”) 2 Mg(s) + O2(g ) --- 2 MgO(s) Indicates the state of matter; solid (s), liquid (l), aqueous solution (aq), gas (g)
- 12. ChemicalReactions Chemical reactions are expressed in chemical equations (our “recipe”) 2 Mg(s) + O2(g ) --- 2 MgO(s) coefficient Both sides of the equation must have equal amounts of atoms. Mg: 2 atoms O: 2 atoms Mg: 2 atoms O: 2 atoms
- 14. Measurement In baking, we measure ingredients using measuring cups Instead, in chemistry, we measure reactants and products in moles
- 15. TheMole(mol) SI unit for amount of substance Defined as the amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. That is 6.022 x1023 [called Avogrado’s number] ∴1 mol of carbon-12 contains 6.022 x1023 carbon-12 atoms 1 mol of H2O contains 6.022 x1023 H2O molecules
- 16. MolarMass(M) Ratio of amount of substance (mol) and mass (g) Expressed in grams per mol (g/mol) Molar mass (M)of element: listed in the Periodic Table Of compound: sum of the molar masses of the atoms of the elements in the compound
- 17. MolarMass(M) MM of O2 = 32 g/mol O = 16 g/mol 16x2 = 32 MM of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol
- 19. ProblemsRelatedtoChemReactions Balancing reactions Converting moles to grams Finding the limiting (and excess) reactant
- 20. Balancing N2O5 --- NO2 + O2
- 22. Balancing C8H1 8 + O2 --- CO2 + H2O
- 25. Balancing 16 Cu (s) + 1 S8(s) --- 8 Cu2S(s)
- 26. Conversio n How many moles are there in 7.00 grams of Cu? 7 g Cu x mol Cu/63.55 g Cu = 0.110 moles
- 27. Conversio n How many grams are there in of 1 mol O2? 32 grams
- 30. Sample Problem A fuel mixture is composed of two liquids, hydrazine (N2H4) and dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4), which ignite on contact to form nitrogen gas and water vapour. How many grams form when 1.00 x102 g of N2H4 and 2.00 x102 g of N2O4 are mixed? MM of N = 14.01 g/mol MM of H = 1.01 g/mol MM of O = 16 g/mol
- 31. Sample Problem • Plan: – Write the balanced equation – 2 N2H4 (l) + N2O4(l) --- 3 N2(g) + 4 H2O(g) – To determine the limiting reagent/reactant, we calculate the mass of N2 from each reactant assuming an excess of the other. Whichever yields less N2 is the limiting reactant.
- 32. Sample Problem • 2 N2H4 (l) + N2O4(l) --- 3 N2(g) + 4 H2O(g) • Assuming N2H4 is limiting, 4.68 mol N2 is produced • Assuming N2O4 is limiting, 6.51 mol N2 is produced • ∴N2H4 is the limiting reactant
- 33. Sample Problem • If N2H4 is the limiting reactant, 131 g N2 is produced
- 34. Sample Problem Nuclear engineers use chlorine trifluoride in the processing of uranium fuel for power plants. This extremely reactive substance is formed as a gas in special metal containers by the reaction of elemental chlorine and fluorine. With 0.750 mol of Cl2 and 3.00 mol of F2, what mass of chlorine trifluoride will be prepared? MM Cl = 35.45 g/mol MM F =
- 35. Sample Problem Cl2(g) + 3F2(g) --> 2 ClF3(g) Cl2 is limiting Mass (g) of ClF3 = 139 g
- 37. Sources • Dragon Cave Holiday Cooking 2012. [Photos] • Silberberg, Martin S. “Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations”. Principles of General Chemistry. McGraw-Hill, 2010.