Basic must know things about Anti Hypertensive drugs including the recent JNC-8 classification and protocols for treating Hypertension with various co-morbid condition.
Basic must know things about Anti Hypertensive drugs including the recent JNC-8 classification and protocols for treating Hypertension with various co-morbid condition.
- Application of drugs in body re medicines
- Bridges gap between laboratory science and medical practice
- Safety of prescribed medicine, maximise drug effects, minimise side effects
Main and important classes of anti-hypertensive drugs.
(antihypertensive drugs, anti hypertensive sites of action, diuretics, diuretics sites of action, sympathoplegic drugs, beta blockers, alpha blokers, vasodilators, calcium channel blockers)
ANS is a part of nervous system that controls the visceral function, cardiac output, blood flow to various organs, digestion etc. Drugs in this group are designed to either enhance or mimic the autonomic nervous system or to block the effects of the neurotransmitters at their receptor sites.
Individualized Webcam facilitated and e-Classroom USMLE Step 1 Tutorials with Dr. Cray. 1 BMS Unit is 4 hr. General Principles and some Organ System require multiple units to complete in preparation for the USMLE Step 1 A HIGH YIELD FOCUS IN Biochemistry / Cell Biology, Microbiology / Immunology and the 4 P’s-Phiso, Pathophys, Path and Pharm. Webcam Facilitated USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge and Clinical Skills diadactic tutorials /1 Unit is 4 hours, individualized one-on-one and group sessions, Including all Internal Medicine sub-sub-specitialities. For questions or more information.. drcray@imhotepvirtualmedsch.com
- Application of drugs in body re medicines
- Bridges gap between laboratory science and medical practice
- Safety of prescribed medicine, maximise drug effects, minimise side effects
Main and important classes of anti-hypertensive drugs.
(antihypertensive drugs, anti hypertensive sites of action, diuretics, diuretics sites of action, sympathoplegic drugs, beta blockers, alpha blokers, vasodilators, calcium channel blockers)
ANS is a part of nervous system that controls the visceral function, cardiac output, blood flow to various organs, digestion etc. Drugs in this group are designed to either enhance or mimic the autonomic nervous system or to block the effects of the neurotransmitters at their receptor sites.
Individualized Webcam facilitated and e-Classroom USMLE Step 1 Tutorials with Dr. Cray. 1 BMS Unit is 4 hr. General Principles and some Organ System require multiple units to complete in preparation for the USMLE Step 1 A HIGH YIELD FOCUS IN Biochemistry / Cell Biology, Microbiology / Immunology and the 4 P’s-Phiso, Pathophys, Path and Pharm. Webcam Facilitated USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge and Clinical Skills diadactic tutorials /1 Unit is 4 hours, individualized one-on-one and group sessions, Including all Internal Medicine sub-sub-specitialities. For questions or more information.. drcray@imhotepvirtualmedsch.com
Precise pharmacology directly delivers content to the point and it's simplified version of pharmacology notes relevant to medical students . Classification of drug,mode of action of a drug ,clinical indication(use) ,drug formulation ,dosages as per indication, side effects and contraindicationsas it's clearly presented.
information regarding psychopharmacology especially for nursing students and community. covers all group like anti psychotic, anti anxiety, antidepressants, mood stabilizing agents etc.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. DRUGS
• Chemical substance that affects the
functioning of living things.
• Source of drugs
Natural drugs
Synthetic drugs
3. HISTORY OF DRUGS
Drug is derived from the French word
“drogue” which means ‘dry herb’
4. CLASIFFICATION OF DRUGS
• On the basis of their chemical structure
• On the basis of their therapeutic action
Drugs acting on the CNS
Drugs stimulating or blocking the peripheral
nervous system
Drugs acting on the cardiovascular haematopoietic
and renal systems
Chemotherapeutic drugs
Vitamins
Hormones
5. DRUGS ACTING ON THE CNS
• Non selective depressants
General anaesthetics
Sedatives & hypnotics
Narcotic analgesics
Antipyretic analgesics
Antirheumatic analgesics
• Selective modifiers of CNS
Anticonvulsants
Antitussives
Psychotherapeutic agents
Central intraneural blocking agents
• CNS stimulators
Analeptics
Psychomotor stimulants
Antidepressant drugs
7. DRUGS STIMULATING OR BLOCKING
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Cholinergic & anticholinergic agents
• Adrenergic stimulants, adrenergic blocking
agents and inhibitors of catechol amide
biosynthesis and metabolism
• Histamine and Antihistamine agents
• Local anaesthetics
9. DRUGS ACTING ON THE
CARDIOVASCULAR HAEMATOPOIETIC AND
RENAL SYSTEMS
• This group includes drugs that affects cardiovascular
function as well as those that act on blood vessels and
the renal system. Cardiovascular agent include
cardiotonic, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive,
vasodilator and hypocholestermic agents.
• Drugs acting on the blood are called haemological
agents. They are comprised of antianaemics,
coagulants, anticoagulants and plasma expanders.
• Agent that affect the renal system are called diuretics