This document provides an overview of drugs, including their classification, sources, and history. It discusses how drugs are classified based on their chemical structure and therapeutic action. Several categories of drugs are described in brief, including those acting on the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular and renal systems, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Examples are given for some types of drugs like antipyretics, local anesthetics, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, and antibiotic drugs. The document also mentions vitamins and hormones at a high level.
This document provides an overview of general pharmacology topics including the routes of drug administration, mechanisms of drug action, and factors affecting drug absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. It also summarizes key concepts in pharmacology including the divisions of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacotherapeutics. Examples are given for different types of drugs acting on various body systems like the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system. Important terms related to the study and use of drugs are defined like drug tolerance, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and contraindications.
The document discusses analgesics and their classification. It describes how analgesics are drugs that selectively relieve pain by acting in the central nervous system or on peripheral pain mechanisms. It classifies analgesics into two main categories - non-opioid analgesics such as NSAIDs that act primarily on peripheral mechanisms, and opioid analgesics such as morphine, codeine and fentanyl that act in the CNS. The document provides details on the mechanisms of action, uses and side effects of various classes of analgesics including NSAIDs, paracetamol, aspirin, morphine and other opioid agonists.
This document discusses anti-depressant drugs used to treat depression. It outlines that depression affects 17% of people worldwide and will be the second most common disease by 2020. It describes the typical symptoms of depression and two main theories for its pathophysiology. It then discusses the modes of action and effects of different classes of anti-depressants including TCAs, SSRIs, MAOIs, SNRIs, and 5-HT2 antagonists. For each class it provides examples of drugs, how they work, their indications, adverse effects, and contraindications.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in pharmacology. It defines pharmacology and divides it into pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It also defines common terms like drug, medicine, dosage, toxicity, and adverse reactions. The document outlines classifications of drugs based on their mechanism of action, therapeutic use, and chemical composition. It discusses factors that influence adverse drug reactions and ways to prevent such reactions.
- This document provides information about the Pharmacology 1 module being offered in the 2023-2024 academic year, including the module leader, presentation details, learning outcomes, and key terminology. It also covers classifications of drugs like the Essential Drugs List for Uganda (EDLU) and different drug categories such as analgesics, anti-infectives, and more.
Analgesic acts on CNS or on peripheral pain mechanism without significantly altering consciousness. Antipyretic drugs are used to treat fever. Analgesics also have antipyretic action.
- The document provides an overview of pain therapy and clinical aspects presented by Dr. L. S. Patil.
- It discusses the goals of pain therapy, approaches to patients with pain including classification, measurement scales, and examination.
- Types of pain like nociceptive and neuropathic pain are defined. Analgesic treatments like NSAIDs, opioids, and the WHO pain ladder are explained.
- Management of chronic pain, use of TCAs, anticonvulsants, and opioids are covered. The role of a multidisciplinary team and various modalities are highlighted. Pain in palliative care is also addressed.
This document provides an overview of drugs, including their classification, sources, and history. It discusses how drugs are classified based on their chemical structure and therapeutic action. Several categories of drugs are described in brief, including those acting on the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular and renal systems, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Examples are given for some types of drugs like antipyretics, local anesthetics, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, and antibiotic drugs. The document also mentions vitamins and hormones at a high level.
This document provides an overview of general pharmacology topics including the routes of drug administration, mechanisms of drug action, and factors affecting drug absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. It also summarizes key concepts in pharmacology including the divisions of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacotherapeutics. Examples are given for different types of drugs acting on various body systems like the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system. Important terms related to the study and use of drugs are defined like drug tolerance, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and contraindications.
The document discusses analgesics and their classification. It describes how analgesics are drugs that selectively relieve pain by acting in the central nervous system or on peripheral pain mechanisms. It classifies analgesics into two main categories - non-opioid analgesics such as NSAIDs that act primarily on peripheral mechanisms, and opioid analgesics such as morphine, codeine and fentanyl that act in the CNS. The document provides details on the mechanisms of action, uses and side effects of various classes of analgesics including NSAIDs, paracetamol, aspirin, morphine and other opioid agonists.
This document discusses anti-depressant drugs used to treat depression. It outlines that depression affects 17% of people worldwide and will be the second most common disease by 2020. It describes the typical symptoms of depression and two main theories for its pathophysiology. It then discusses the modes of action and effects of different classes of anti-depressants including TCAs, SSRIs, MAOIs, SNRIs, and 5-HT2 antagonists. For each class it provides examples of drugs, how they work, their indications, adverse effects, and contraindications.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in pharmacology. It defines pharmacology and divides it into pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It also defines common terms like drug, medicine, dosage, toxicity, and adverse reactions. The document outlines classifications of drugs based on their mechanism of action, therapeutic use, and chemical composition. It discusses factors that influence adverse drug reactions and ways to prevent such reactions.
- This document provides information about the Pharmacology 1 module being offered in the 2023-2024 academic year, including the module leader, presentation details, learning outcomes, and key terminology. It also covers classifications of drugs like the Essential Drugs List for Uganda (EDLU) and different drug categories such as analgesics, anti-infectives, and more.
Analgesic acts on CNS or on peripheral pain mechanism without significantly altering consciousness. Antipyretic drugs are used to treat fever. Analgesics also have antipyretic action.
- The document provides an overview of pain therapy and clinical aspects presented by Dr. L. S. Patil.
- It discusses the goals of pain therapy, approaches to patients with pain including classification, measurement scales, and examination.
- Types of pain like nociceptive and neuropathic pain are defined. Analgesic treatments like NSAIDs, opioids, and the WHO pain ladder are explained.
- Management of chronic pain, use of TCAs, anticonvulsants, and opioids are covered. The role of a multidisciplinary team and various modalities are highlighted. Pain in palliative care is also addressed.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they work in the body. It has two main areas: pharmacokinetics, which studies how the body affects drugs; and pharmacodynamics, which studies how drugs affect the body. Some key examples are that acetylsalicylic acid reduces inflammation through inhibiting an enzyme, penicillin kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall synthesis through another enzyme inhibition, and neuropharmacology examines drug effects on the nervous system.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they work in the body. It has two main areas: pharmacokinetics, which studies how the body affects drugs; and pharmacodynamics, which studies how drugs affect the body. Some key examples are that acetylsalicylic acid reduces inflammation through inhibiting an enzyme, penicillin kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall synthesis through another enzyme inhibition, and neuropharmacology examines drug effects on the nervous system.
Opioids work by binding to opioid receptors located throughout the body. There are several types of opioids that bind to receptors in different ways, producing varying effects. While opioids are effective analgesics, they can cause numerous side effects that must be carefully monitored and managed. Long term opioid therapy requires consideration of addiction risk, aberrant behaviors, and strategies to minimize dependency issues while providing pain relief.
Analgesics and anti inflammatory drugs in periodontics- Dr. Pankti Shah (PART...PanktiShah12
This document discusses analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs used in periodontics. It begins by defining pain and introducing the two main types of analgesics - opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Opioids such as codeine and tramadol are often prescribed for dental pain. NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen are useful for mild to moderate pain and inflammation. Both drug classes work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, though they target different pathways. The document reviews the mechanisms, indications, contraindications and side effects of various opioid and NSAID analgesics.
Clinical pharmacy is a health science discipline in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, and disease prevention.
Community Pharmacy.
Hospital Pharmacy.
Clinical Pharmacy.
Industrial Pharmacy.
Compounding Pharmacy.
Consulting Pharmacy.
Ambulatory Care pharmacy.
Regulatory Pharmacy.
Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking the actions of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. They are competitive antagonists that bind to muscarinic receptors, inhibiting nerve transmission. Common anticholinergic drugs include atropine, scopolamine, benztropine, and trihexyphenidyl. They have therapeutic uses in treating conditions like Parkinson's disease, asthma, COPD, peptic ulcer disease, and overactive bladder. However, they can cause adverse effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and CNS effects like agitation. Overdose can result in anticholinergic toxicity.
This document provides a table of contents for a book on pharmacology. It outlines 20 chapters that will cover topics related to drug administration, classifications, mechanisms of action, and treatments for various medical conditions. Chapter 1 introduces pharmacology and defines key terms related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It describes how the body processes drugs through absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion as well as how drugs produce their effects.
This document discusses various drugs used in the nervous system. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including analgesics, anesthetics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antidepressants, and CNS stimulants. It then provides details on analgesics like NSAIDs, opioids, and barbiturates. It explains their mechanisms of action, examples and dosages, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, drug interactions, and nursing responsibilities. Sedatives and hypnotics are also summarized, focusing on benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Overall, the document concisely reviews many commonly used drugs for the nervous system.
Impact of drug therapy on various neurological conditions and its effects on rehabilitation; conditions like stroke, parkinson's disease,vertigo and also its effects on various impairments like spasticity, sensory impairments, cognition
information regarding psychopharmacology especially for nursing students and community. covers all group like anti psychotic, anti anxiety, antidepressants, mood stabilizing agents etc.
Metabolic encephalopathy diagnosis and managementRobert Robinson
Overview of the diagnosis and management of metabolic encephalopathy for third year medical students in the Personalized Education Program portion of the third year curriculum at SIU Medicine
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction with
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction.
Antipsychotics are increasingly being used as antidepressants due to their ability to improve outcomes for patients with treatment-resistant depression. While antipsychotics can provide benefits when augmenting antidepressants, they also carry risks like weight gain, akathisia, and metabolic side effects. Future research should aim to better identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit from specific antipsychotic medications and combinations with antidepressants, as well as optimal dosages and durations of treatment to maximize effectiveness and minimize adverse reactions.
This document provides an overview of general principles of psychopharmacology. It discusses key topics including:
- Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect the nervous system and behavior. Drugs can produce changes in physiological processes and behavior.
- Drugs act through various sites in the body including receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and carrier proteins. Their effects depend on how the drug structure interacts with these sites.
- Drugs are classified based on their structure, mechanism of action, history, uniqueness, and major clinical applications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics.
- Pharmacodynamics examines what the body does to the drug through processes like receptors, dose
The document discusses occupational health hazards in the pharmaceutical industry, including physical hazards like dust, formaldehyde, UV lamps, and ergonomic stresses, as well as specific health risks from exposure to drugs like hormones, antibiotics, and other pharmaceutical agents, which can cause allergic reactions, vitamin deficiencies, fungal infections, and toxic effects for workers exposed during manufacturing. Control measures are outlined to prevent adverse health outcomes for pharmaceutical workers through engineering solutions, personal protective equipment, training, and medical surveillance programs.
This document provides an overview of chronopharmacology, which is defined as the study of how biological rhythms influence drug effects. It discusses how circadian rhythms can impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Administering drugs at times aligned with biological rhythms can optimize efficacy and reduce side effects. Examples are given of disease processes and medications known to exhibit circadian rhythms. Future areas of research may explore integrating chronopharmacology with fields like systems biology and nanomedicine to further tailor drug delivery to an individual's biological clock. In summary, chronopharmacology studies how biological timing impacts drug action and aims to maximize therapeutic effects by synchronizing administration with a body's natural rhythms.
This document provides an overview of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). It defines TDM as the measurement of drug concentrations in blood or plasma to guide dosage adjustments for effective and safe treatment. The goals of TDM are to ensure maximal therapeutic benefit and minimal toxicity by achieving appropriate drug concentrations at the site of action. Several factors can cause variability in individual drug response, including pharmacokinetic factors like absorption and clearance, as well as pharmacodynamic factors like genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions. TDM is indicated for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, a lack of clinical endpoints, or significant inter-individual variability. It involves collecting samples at standardized times, measuring drug levels, and interpreting the results with clinical context to optimize individual patient dos
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they work in the body. It has two main areas: pharmacokinetics, which studies how the body affects drugs; and pharmacodynamics, which studies how drugs affect the body. Some key examples are that acetylsalicylic acid reduces inflammation through inhibiting an enzyme, penicillin kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall synthesis through another enzyme inhibition, and neuropharmacology examines drug effects on the nervous system.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and how they work in the body. It has two main areas: pharmacokinetics, which studies how the body affects drugs; and pharmacodynamics, which studies how drugs affect the body. Some key examples are that acetylsalicylic acid reduces inflammation through inhibiting an enzyme, penicillin kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall synthesis through another enzyme inhibition, and neuropharmacology examines drug effects on the nervous system.
Opioids work by binding to opioid receptors located throughout the body. There are several types of opioids that bind to receptors in different ways, producing varying effects. While opioids are effective analgesics, they can cause numerous side effects that must be carefully monitored and managed. Long term opioid therapy requires consideration of addiction risk, aberrant behaviors, and strategies to minimize dependency issues while providing pain relief.
Analgesics and anti inflammatory drugs in periodontics- Dr. Pankti Shah (PART...PanktiShah12
This document discusses analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs used in periodontics. It begins by defining pain and introducing the two main types of analgesics - opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Opioids such as codeine and tramadol are often prescribed for dental pain. NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen are useful for mild to moderate pain and inflammation. Both drug classes work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, though they target different pathways. The document reviews the mechanisms, indications, contraindications and side effects of various opioid and NSAID analgesics.
Clinical pharmacy is a health science discipline in which pharmacists provide patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, and disease prevention.
Community Pharmacy.
Hospital Pharmacy.
Clinical Pharmacy.
Industrial Pharmacy.
Compounding Pharmacy.
Consulting Pharmacy.
Ambulatory Care pharmacy.
Regulatory Pharmacy.
Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking the actions of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. They are competitive antagonists that bind to muscarinic receptors, inhibiting nerve transmission. Common anticholinergic drugs include atropine, scopolamine, benztropine, and trihexyphenidyl. They have therapeutic uses in treating conditions like Parkinson's disease, asthma, COPD, peptic ulcer disease, and overactive bladder. However, they can cause adverse effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and CNS effects like agitation. Overdose can result in anticholinergic toxicity.
This document provides a table of contents for a book on pharmacology. It outlines 20 chapters that will cover topics related to drug administration, classifications, mechanisms of action, and treatments for various medical conditions. Chapter 1 introduces pharmacology and defines key terms related to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It describes how the body processes drugs through absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion as well as how drugs produce their effects.
This document discusses various drugs used in the nervous system. It begins by outlining the topics to be covered, including analgesics, anesthetics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antidepressants, and CNS stimulants. It then provides details on analgesics like NSAIDs, opioids, and barbiturates. It explains their mechanisms of action, examples and dosages, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, drug interactions, and nursing responsibilities. Sedatives and hypnotics are also summarized, focusing on benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Overall, the document concisely reviews many commonly used drugs for the nervous system.
Impact of drug therapy on various neurological conditions and its effects on rehabilitation; conditions like stroke, parkinson's disease,vertigo and also its effects on various impairments like spasticity, sensory impairments, cognition
information regarding psychopharmacology especially for nursing students and community. covers all group like anti psychotic, anti anxiety, antidepressants, mood stabilizing agents etc.
Metabolic encephalopathy diagnosis and managementRobert Robinson
Overview of the diagnosis and management of metabolic encephalopathy for third year medical students in the Personalized Education Program portion of the third year curriculum at SIU Medicine
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction with
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 which discusses anesthetics, analgesics, and narcotics. It begins by outlining the chapter topics and learning objectives which include understanding the nervous system, neurotransmitters, anesthesia, pain management, and migraine headaches. It then defines the central and peripheral nervous systems and their divisions. It discusses the major neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, GABA, dopamine, epinephrine, and serotonin. It explains general anesthesia, including goals, types of inhalant and injectable anesthetics. It also covers local anesthesia, neuromuscular blocking agents, and their reversal. Finally, it discusses classifications of pain, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesia, and the risks of addiction.
Antipsychotics are increasingly being used as antidepressants due to their ability to improve outcomes for patients with treatment-resistant depression. While antipsychotics can provide benefits when augmenting antidepressants, they also carry risks like weight gain, akathisia, and metabolic side effects. Future research should aim to better identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit from specific antipsychotic medications and combinations with antidepressants, as well as optimal dosages and durations of treatment to maximize effectiveness and minimize adverse reactions.
This document provides an overview of general principles of psychopharmacology. It discusses key topics including:
- Psychopharmacology is the study of how drugs affect the nervous system and behavior. Drugs can produce changes in physiological processes and behavior.
- Drugs act through various sites in the body including receptors, ion channels, enzymes, and carrier proteins. Their effects depend on how the drug structure interacts with these sites.
- Drugs are classified based on their structure, mechanism of action, history, uniqueness, and major clinical applications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics.
- Pharmacodynamics examines what the body does to the drug through processes like receptors, dose
The document discusses occupational health hazards in the pharmaceutical industry, including physical hazards like dust, formaldehyde, UV lamps, and ergonomic stresses, as well as specific health risks from exposure to drugs like hormones, antibiotics, and other pharmaceutical agents, which can cause allergic reactions, vitamin deficiencies, fungal infections, and toxic effects for workers exposed during manufacturing. Control measures are outlined to prevent adverse health outcomes for pharmaceutical workers through engineering solutions, personal protective equipment, training, and medical surveillance programs.
This document provides an overview of chronopharmacology, which is defined as the study of how biological rhythms influence drug effects. It discusses how circadian rhythms can impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Administering drugs at times aligned with biological rhythms can optimize efficacy and reduce side effects. Examples are given of disease processes and medications known to exhibit circadian rhythms. Future areas of research may explore integrating chronopharmacology with fields like systems biology and nanomedicine to further tailor drug delivery to an individual's biological clock. In summary, chronopharmacology studies how biological timing impacts drug action and aims to maximize therapeutic effects by synchronizing administration with a body's natural rhythms.
This document provides an overview of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). It defines TDM as the measurement of drug concentrations in blood or plasma to guide dosage adjustments for effective and safe treatment. The goals of TDM are to ensure maximal therapeutic benefit and minimal toxicity by achieving appropriate drug concentrations at the site of action. Several factors can cause variability in individual drug response, including pharmacokinetic factors like absorption and clearance, as well as pharmacodynamic factors like genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions. TDM is indicated for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, a lack of clinical endpoints, or significant inter-individual variability. It involves collecting samples at standardized times, measuring drug levels, and interpreting the results with clinical context to optimize individual patient dos
Similar to Pharmacology Curriculum I Dr.Anshul Singh (20)
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
12. Chemotherapy
• Anti TB Drugs
• Leprosy
• Anti Fungal Drugs
• Anti Protozoal Drugs
• Anti Helminthic Drugs
• UTI Drugs
• STD Drugs
• Anti Malarial Drugs
• Anti Viral Drugs
• Anti HIV Drugs
• Anti Cancer Drugs