The presentation was prepared for the workshop of the Chatham House on 'Making the Connection:
Building Stability in Cyber and Space" (London, 7 May 2013)
Presentation to OECD project group on Global Risk. Expanded version presented to British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank and University of Southern Denmark.
My presentation at the IGov2 conference at the University of Oslo, 9 Sept 2014. Gave shorter version at Norwegian Board of Technology hearing on 10 Sept 2014. Related journal article at http://ijlit.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/09/01/ijlit.eau007.abstract
Audio at http://www.jus.uio.no/ifp/english/research/projects/nrccl/internet-governance/events/dag-2-del-2-norrm-mp3.mp3
Vincent Ouma Mwando - strong encryption and protection of human rights-the vi...Vincent Mwando
A paper writing submission on an existing or emerging area in Internet Governance, leveraging the learnings from the course (Internet Governance) and Internet Society 2021 Projects. Papers will be evaluated by a selection committee and the best submissions will be selected as IGF Youth Ambassadors.
Presentation to OECD project group on Global Risk. Expanded version presented to British Computer Society, Deutsche Bank and University of Southern Denmark.
My presentation at the IGov2 conference at the University of Oslo, 9 Sept 2014. Gave shorter version at Norwegian Board of Technology hearing on 10 Sept 2014. Related journal article at http://ijlit.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/09/01/ijlit.eau007.abstract
Audio at http://www.jus.uio.no/ifp/english/research/projects/nrccl/internet-governance/events/dag-2-del-2-norrm-mp3.mp3
Vincent Ouma Mwando - strong encryption and protection of human rights-the vi...Vincent Mwando
A paper writing submission on an existing or emerging area in Internet Governance, leveraging the learnings from the course (Internet Governance) and Internet Society 2021 Projects. Papers will be evaluated by a selection committee and the best submissions will be selected as IGF Youth Ambassadors.
Ostrom’s crypto-principles? Towards a commons-based approach for the use of B...David Rozas
Sildes from presentation at "Science, politics, activism and citizenship". Redes CTS & Catalan Society for the History of Science and Technology (Valencia, 31/05/2018).
The ongoing debate in the EU and the US over the shape of the Internet
focuses mainly on the technological and economical aspects of the issue. This paper
is meant to be an introduction to the debate on the impact of the network neutrality
on free speech and the right to information in the field of political science. The author
tries to identify potential threats from the economic, technological and political perspective, as they are strongly interconnected.
Fundamental human rights can benefit from enforcing network neutrality regulations; however, a much more important issue is related to the question of what would
happen to the freedom of speech and the right of information if the regulations were
gone.
Graft Borders onto the Internet: Chinese Internet SovereigntyMin Jiang
This talk traces the history of the idea of Internet sovereignty in China, outlines several features of Chinese Internet content removal policies, and discusses the implications of the re-nationalization of the Internet.
Supporting the global efforts in strengthening the safety, security and resilience of Cyberspace, the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Forum 2013, organised by the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation. The ceremonial opening examined how Cyberspace could be governed and utilised in a manner to foster freedom and entrepreneurship, while protecting individuals, property and the state, leading to socio-economic development. Speakers of this session, Mr Mario Maniewicz, Chief, Department of Infrastructure, Enabling Environment and E-Applications, ITU; Mr David Pollington, Director, International Security Relations, Microsoft; Mr Alexander Seger, Secretary, Cybercrime Convention Committee, Council of Europe; Mr Nigel Hickson, Vice President, Europe, ICANN and Mr Pierre Dandjinou, Vice President, Africa, ICANN, added their perspectives on various approaches to Cybergovernance, with general agreement on the role Cyberspace could play to facilitate development equitably and fairly across the world.
Hosted by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Cameroon together with the Telecommunications Regulatory Board of Cameroon and backed by partners and industry supporters including ICANN, Council of Europe, Microsoft, MTN Cameroon, AFRINIC and Internet Watch Foundation, the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Forum 2013 seeks to broaden stakeholder dialogue to facilitate practical action in Cybergovernance and Cybersecurity, some of which will be reflected in the CTO’s own work programmes under its Cybersecurity agenda.
UNESCO’S INTERNET UNIVERSALITY INDICATORS: A Framework for Assessing Internet...Fola Odufuwa
The Internet has developed rapidly into a communications medium which continues to transform access to information, opportunities for expression, and many aspects of government and business for people around the world. It has become a global marketplace for ideas, goods and services. It has both facilitated the enjoyment of human rights and raised new risks. Among the challenges that need to be addressed if the benefits of the Internet are to be universally available, are digital divides between developed, developing and least developed countries, between urban and rural areas within countries, between people with higher and lower incomes and higher and lower levels of educational experience and attainment, and between women and men. Opportunities and risks will continue to become more complex, more powerful and more influential on the future as a result of the Internet’s technology, services and markets are in constant change.
Understanding and assessing the complexity of the Internet’s development, and its impact is crucial if we are to effectively address the Internet for optimum contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). UNESCO has long engaged with this agenda, emphasising the Internet’s potential for developing Knowledge Societies, based on freedom of expression, universal access to information and knowledge, respect for cultural and linguistic diversity, and quality education for all. For example, the Organisation played a prominent part in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS, 2003 and 2005) and has continued to play an important role in Internet Governance Forum (IGF), the Broadband Commission on Sustainable Development and other fora concerning the Internet and its impact. As the Internet has continued evolving, so UNESCO has developed the concept of Internet Universality in order to help comprehend the developments
ID IGF 2016 - Hukum 3 - Peran Negara dalam Kedaulatan SiberIGF Indonesia
Presented by Kristiono (Masyarakat Telematika / Mastel)
ID IGF 2016
Sesi Hukum 3 - Mewujudkan Kedaulatan dan Ketahanan Siber Indonesia
Jakarta, 15 November 2016
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND «PREDICTIVE POLICING»: TOWARDS A «PROFILING SOCIETY»?Federico Costantini
Network analysis is a powerful tool that is increasingly used not only to determine events that
occurred in the past, but also to predict what may happen in the future. This paper will discuss
the perspective, far from being abstract or remote, that such methods may be adopted in order
to anticipate crimes. Taking into account current technologies, present legal science and according
to the recent «Onlife Manifesto», here are talked three issues, concerning respectively
the epistemological, the legal-philosophical and the anthropological aspect. In the first place,
the relevance of the information provided in a crime’s «prediction», since it does not concern
an event of the past. Secondly, the nature of responsibility ascribed on these grounds, as neither
an «actus reo» nor a «mens rea» can be found in the case. Finally, the kind of punishment
could be given to the supposed criminal, because free will should be doubted if his behaviour
could be foreseen.
Challenges from the Cyber Domain: Cyber Security and Human RightsAdam David Brown
This paper explores the key tensions between human rights and state-implemented cyber security. It examines three key tensions, attribution versus anonymity, international norms and cyber war.
What is the difference between a hacking attack and a cyberwar attack? What do current militaries consider an attack vs. exploitation or just «normal operations»? Kevin will present an overview on the cyber warfare topic and the current understanding of Advanced Persistent Threats in the context of cyber defense.
Referent: Kevin Kirst
CYBER PEACE PROPOSAL
Running head: CYBER PEACE
CYBER PEACE2
Introduction
The ubiquitous use of the internet for a myriad of purposes has made the internet the most targeted platform for cyber threats and cybercrimes on both individuals and organizations. The impacts of the cyber-crime is so well established. Companies have lost millions of money, internet users committed suicide or plunged into chronic mental conditions as well lives lost through the terrorist conspiracies of the internet (Reich et al., 2012). For this reason, cyber space becomes a quite important for the safety of countries and individuals around the globe. The issue discussed regarding cyber peace is that there is no Genera convention that addresses the cybercrime as propagated through the internet. Despite the rampant rummage of groups on the internet, there lacks infrastructure that addresses cyber peace conducted by the Geneva Convention.
Background
Until recently, the internet and all its users made a small community that exploited the various functionalities of the internet. However, with the increase in the usage of the internet, there has been a spate in the cybercrimes executed over the internet. As it stands, there are about 2 million people using the internet, and none of them has the level of internet security that can secure them from cybercrime. In the bid to address the issue of cyber peace, the interdependence between countries to face the issue has been focused on (Eriksson & Giacomello, 2007). The interdependence between technologically developed and technologically developing states is the first angle from which the issue can be tackled. States have not yet come to terms with the severe implications of cyber peace. Due to this, there lacks that collaborative effort to ensure the efforts are streamlined towards establishing cyber peace.
The Geneva Convention that legislates policies on warfare across the actors is now being glared at to provide solutions aligned to cybercrime. This is in line with the ways in which the Geneva Convention mobilizes countries for the sake of participation in peace keeping. The path to cyber peace is however crippled because of lack of co-operation. The states lack the knowledge of what constitutes cyber-attacks, cyber terrorism and so forth. Therefore, the countries’ security department have for a long time taken a backseat, waiting for the internet developers to design ways to secure users. This has not been very fruitful especially with the up surge in cybercrimes. The most that most of the countries have done is to have national policies addressing the issue of cyber security. The level of implementation of the polices is highly questionable and no specific party has been assigned the duty to ensure cyber peace prevails.
On the international co-operative perspective, cyber peace as an issue has always remained in the periphery of the security talks. The states retaliating for cyber-attacks seems to be the m.
Ostrom’s crypto-principles? Towards a commons-based approach for the use of B...David Rozas
Sildes from presentation at "Science, politics, activism and citizenship". Redes CTS & Catalan Society for the History of Science and Technology (Valencia, 31/05/2018).
The ongoing debate in the EU and the US over the shape of the Internet
focuses mainly on the technological and economical aspects of the issue. This paper
is meant to be an introduction to the debate on the impact of the network neutrality
on free speech and the right to information in the field of political science. The author
tries to identify potential threats from the economic, technological and political perspective, as they are strongly interconnected.
Fundamental human rights can benefit from enforcing network neutrality regulations; however, a much more important issue is related to the question of what would
happen to the freedom of speech and the right of information if the regulations were
gone.
Graft Borders onto the Internet: Chinese Internet SovereigntyMin Jiang
This talk traces the history of the idea of Internet sovereignty in China, outlines several features of Chinese Internet content removal policies, and discusses the implications of the re-nationalization of the Internet.
Supporting the global efforts in strengthening the safety, security and resilience of Cyberspace, the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Forum 2013, organised by the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation. The ceremonial opening examined how Cyberspace could be governed and utilised in a manner to foster freedom and entrepreneurship, while protecting individuals, property and the state, leading to socio-economic development. Speakers of this session, Mr Mario Maniewicz, Chief, Department of Infrastructure, Enabling Environment and E-Applications, ITU; Mr David Pollington, Director, International Security Relations, Microsoft; Mr Alexander Seger, Secretary, Cybercrime Convention Committee, Council of Europe; Mr Nigel Hickson, Vice President, Europe, ICANN and Mr Pierre Dandjinou, Vice President, Africa, ICANN, added their perspectives on various approaches to Cybergovernance, with general agreement on the role Cyberspace could play to facilitate development equitably and fairly across the world.
Hosted by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Cameroon together with the Telecommunications Regulatory Board of Cameroon and backed by partners and industry supporters including ICANN, Council of Europe, Microsoft, MTN Cameroon, AFRINIC and Internet Watch Foundation, the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Forum 2013 seeks to broaden stakeholder dialogue to facilitate practical action in Cybergovernance and Cybersecurity, some of which will be reflected in the CTO’s own work programmes under its Cybersecurity agenda.
UNESCO’S INTERNET UNIVERSALITY INDICATORS: A Framework for Assessing Internet...Fola Odufuwa
The Internet has developed rapidly into a communications medium which continues to transform access to information, opportunities for expression, and many aspects of government and business for people around the world. It has become a global marketplace for ideas, goods and services. It has both facilitated the enjoyment of human rights and raised new risks. Among the challenges that need to be addressed if the benefits of the Internet are to be universally available, are digital divides between developed, developing and least developed countries, between urban and rural areas within countries, between people with higher and lower incomes and higher and lower levels of educational experience and attainment, and between women and men. Opportunities and risks will continue to become more complex, more powerful and more influential on the future as a result of the Internet’s technology, services and markets are in constant change.
Understanding and assessing the complexity of the Internet’s development, and its impact is crucial if we are to effectively address the Internet for optimum contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). UNESCO has long engaged with this agenda, emphasising the Internet’s potential for developing Knowledge Societies, based on freedom of expression, universal access to information and knowledge, respect for cultural and linguistic diversity, and quality education for all. For example, the Organisation played a prominent part in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS, 2003 and 2005) and has continued to play an important role in Internet Governance Forum (IGF), the Broadband Commission on Sustainable Development and other fora concerning the Internet and its impact. As the Internet has continued evolving, so UNESCO has developed the concept of Internet Universality in order to help comprehend the developments
ID IGF 2016 - Hukum 3 - Peran Negara dalam Kedaulatan SiberIGF Indonesia
Presented by Kristiono (Masyarakat Telematika / Mastel)
ID IGF 2016
Sesi Hukum 3 - Mewujudkan Kedaulatan dan Ketahanan Siber Indonesia
Jakarta, 15 November 2016
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND «PREDICTIVE POLICING»: TOWARDS A «PROFILING SOCIETY»?Federico Costantini
Network analysis is a powerful tool that is increasingly used not only to determine events that
occurred in the past, but also to predict what may happen in the future. This paper will discuss
the perspective, far from being abstract or remote, that such methods may be adopted in order
to anticipate crimes. Taking into account current technologies, present legal science and according
to the recent «Onlife Manifesto», here are talked three issues, concerning respectively
the epistemological, the legal-philosophical and the anthropological aspect. In the first place,
the relevance of the information provided in a crime’s «prediction», since it does not concern
an event of the past. Secondly, the nature of responsibility ascribed on these grounds, as neither
an «actus reo» nor a «mens rea» can be found in the case. Finally, the kind of punishment
could be given to the supposed criminal, because free will should be doubted if his behaviour
could be foreseen.
Challenges from the Cyber Domain: Cyber Security and Human RightsAdam David Brown
This paper explores the key tensions between human rights and state-implemented cyber security. It examines three key tensions, attribution versus anonymity, international norms and cyber war.
What is the difference between a hacking attack and a cyberwar attack? What do current militaries consider an attack vs. exploitation or just «normal operations»? Kevin will present an overview on the cyber warfare topic and the current understanding of Advanced Persistent Threats in the context of cyber defense.
Referent: Kevin Kirst
CYBER PEACE PROPOSAL
Running head: CYBER PEACE
CYBER PEACE2
Introduction
The ubiquitous use of the internet for a myriad of purposes has made the internet the most targeted platform for cyber threats and cybercrimes on both individuals and organizations. The impacts of the cyber-crime is so well established. Companies have lost millions of money, internet users committed suicide or plunged into chronic mental conditions as well lives lost through the terrorist conspiracies of the internet (Reich et al., 2012). For this reason, cyber space becomes a quite important for the safety of countries and individuals around the globe. The issue discussed regarding cyber peace is that there is no Genera convention that addresses the cybercrime as propagated through the internet. Despite the rampant rummage of groups on the internet, there lacks infrastructure that addresses cyber peace conducted by the Geneva Convention.
Background
Until recently, the internet and all its users made a small community that exploited the various functionalities of the internet. However, with the increase in the usage of the internet, there has been a spate in the cybercrimes executed over the internet. As it stands, there are about 2 million people using the internet, and none of them has the level of internet security that can secure them from cybercrime. In the bid to address the issue of cyber peace, the interdependence between countries to face the issue has been focused on (Eriksson & Giacomello, 2007). The interdependence between technologically developed and technologically developing states is the first angle from which the issue can be tackled. States have not yet come to terms with the severe implications of cyber peace. Due to this, there lacks that collaborative effort to ensure the efforts are streamlined towards establishing cyber peace.
The Geneva Convention that legislates policies on warfare across the actors is now being glared at to provide solutions aligned to cybercrime. This is in line with the ways in which the Geneva Convention mobilizes countries for the sake of participation in peace keeping. The path to cyber peace is however crippled because of lack of co-operation. The states lack the knowledge of what constitutes cyber-attacks, cyber terrorism and so forth. Therefore, the countries’ security department have for a long time taken a backseat, waiting for the internet developers to design ways to secure users. This has not been very fruitful especially with the up surge in cybercrimes. The most that most of the countries have done is to have national policies addressing the issue of cyber security. The level of implementation of the polices is highly questionable and no specific party has been assigned the duty to ensure cyber peace prevails.
On the international co-operative perspective, cyber peace as an issue has always remained in the periphery of the security talks. The states retaliating for cyber-attacks seems to be the m.
6APPLYING GENEVA CONVENTION STRATEGIES TOWARDS ACCOMPL.docxalinainglis
6
APPLYING GENEVA CONVENTION STRATEGIES TOWARDS ACCOMPLISHING CYBER PEACE
December 17, 2017
INTRODUCTION
The emergence of technology and its steady advancement has greatly impacted aspects of individuals, business, and institutional activities. The discovery technology has been felt in different aspects of the economy one notable impact is cyberspace – "a notional environment under which communication occurs with the use of computer networks and systems." [footnoteRef:1] Cyberspace, which is as a result of the internet, an element of technology, has seen information sharing take place, millions of money being transacted over computer networks, business deals struck and much more. All these benefits of cyberspace have attracted criminal, known in the cyber world as cybercriminals, who have, and continue to negatively impact the use of the internet in a variety of creative and innovative ways. There also have been rising cases of cyber warfare between countries that have been causing major worries among global cybersecurity professionals. In an attempt to minimize and solve the issues cyber threats and cybercrimes, several studies have been conducted to discover and create ways of curbing the problem. However, a majority of these studies have failed to acknowledge that the problem has gone global.[footnoteRef:2] However, no studies have been conducted on how to settle for cyber peace by incorporating Geneva convention to creating a treaty specifically for cyberspace. Therefore, the paper will explore how to achieve peace in the cyberspace by exploring the possibilities of treaties on cyberspace by Geneva convention. [1: David Smahel and Kristian Daneback, "Editorial: Researching Bright And Dark Sides Of The Cyberspace," Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 7, no. 3 (2013).] [2: Filippo PARODI, "The Concept Of Cybercrime And Online Threats Analysis," International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime 2, no. 1 (2013): 59-66.]
Statement of the Problem
The growth of cyberspace due to the effect of globalization has turned cybercrime and cyber attacks to one of the major talked about concerns across the globe. Cybercrimes has evolved to become a form of terrorism with major security agencies and institutions such as Homeland Security being victims of the attack. With such agencies with an immeasurable amount of security system and responsible for the safety of people and resources being non-immune to such attacks puts enterprises and individuals at a greater risk. Consequently, cyberspace has seen countries attack each other over computer networks. The severity of the problem has proven other measures such as confronting cyber attackers ineffective thus the need to change the strategies employed to solve the problem. The worst part is that close to 74% of global business expected to be hacked each year with estimations of economic losses amounting to cybercrimes totaling to $3 trillion by the year.
Supporting the global efforts in strengthening the safety, security and resilience of Cyberspace, the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Forum 2013, organised by the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation. The ceremonial opening examined how Cyberspace could be governed and utilised in a manner to foster freedom and entrepreneurship, while protecting individuals, property and the state, leading to socio-economic development. Speakers of this session, Mr Mario Maniewicz, Chief, Department of Infrastructure, Enabling Environment and E-Applications, ITU; Mr David Pollington, Director, International Security Relations, Microsoft; Mr Alexander Seger, Secretary, Cybercrime Convention Committee, Council of Europe; Mr Nigel Hickson, Vice President, Europe, ICANN and Mr Pierre Dandjinou, Vice President, Africa, ICANN, added their perspectives on various approaches to Cybergovernance, with general agreement on the role Cyberspace could play to facilitate development equitably and fairly across the world.
Hosted by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Cameroon together with the Telecommunications Regulatory Board of Cameroon and backed by partners and industry supporters including ICANN, Council of Europe, Microsoft, MTN Cameroon, AFRINIC and Internet Watch Foundation, the Commonwealth Cybersecurity Forum 2013 seeks to broaden stakeholder dialogue to facilitate practical action in Cybergovernance and Cybersecurity, some of which will be reflected in the CTO’s own work programmes under its Cybersecurity agenda.
With the widespread concerns about cyber terrorism and the frequent use of the term
“cyber terrorism” at the present time, many international organisations have made efforts
to combat this threat. Since cyber terrorism is an international crime, local regulations
alone are not able to defend against such attacks; they require a transnational response.
Final Paper Draft Outline – Week 7 For the second to last.docxcharlottej5
Final Paper Draft Outline – Week 7
For the second to last homework, you need to submit an outline of your final paper. What does
that mean? You need to read the article “Writing for College: What is an Academic Paper” and
conceptualize what the paper assignment for this course is about:
https://depts.washington.edu/owrc/Handouts/What%20is%20an%20Academic%20Paper.pdf
Next, you need to read the “Final Paper Minimum Requirements” to get a sense of how you shall
start creating the paper. Think of a topic that you are interest the most – it can be a critical paper,
project, applicative hacks – and then apply the instructions from the first two sources indicated.
The draft outline needs to answer:
• what is your topic,
• what are your main sections in the paper,
• what are the preliminary sources you will use,
• how you plan to write in each of these sections/use the sources.
The APA, IEEE, or MLA is required for this assignment. Why? You can just use the same
document to proceed with actually writing the paper, project report, or the white paper of the
hack. You can find the formatting guidelines in the “Paper Guidelines” module in D2L.
Once you have finalized your homework, please take a look at the document named “How to
Read an Academic Paper” that is also attached together in the same D2L module as the other
two. Make sure you read it – it is an excellent and critical tool that you will need in reading the
academic sources you plan to build upon in your paper.
Risking Security: Policies and Paradoxes
of Cyberspace Security
Ronald J. Deibert
University of Toronto
and
Rafal Rohozinski
University of Toronto
Conceptualizations of cyberspace security can be divided into two related
dimensions, articulated as ‘‘risks’’: risks to the physical realm of computer
and communication technologies (risks to cyberspace); and risks that arise
from cyberspace and are facilitated or generated by its technologies, but
do not directly target the infrastructures per se (risks through cyberspace).
There is robust international consensus, growing communities of practice,
and an emerging normative regime around risks to cyberspace. This is less
the case when it comes to risks through cyberspace. While states do collabo-
rate around some policy areas, cooperation declines as the object of risk
becomes politically contestable and where national interests vary widely.
These include the nature of political opposition and the right to dissent
or protest, minority rights and independence movements, religious belief,
cultural values, or historical claims. The contrast between the domains has
led to contradictory tendencies and paradoxical outcomes.
Globalization is generating new security challenges. Modern societies confront a
myriad of risks that threaten economic prosperity, undermine the safety and
security of citizens, and cause significant disruption to society and politics. These
risks range from empowered and mili.
Developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the contex...Yahya CyberCloud
Developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security.
Letter dated 9 January 2015 from the Permanent Representatives of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General.
Encountering social engineering activities with a novel honeypot mechanismIJECEIAES
Communication and conducting businesses have eventually transformed to be performed through information and communication technology (ICT). While computer network security challenges have become increasingly significant, the world is facing a new era of crimes that can be conducted easily, quickly, and, on top of all, anonymously. Because system penetration is primarily dependent on human psychology and awareness, 80% of network cyberattacks use some form of social engineering tactics to deceive the target, exposing systems at risk, regardless of the security system's robustness. This study highlights the significance of technological solutions in making users more safe and secure. Throughout this paper, a novel approach to detecting and preventing social engineering attacks will be proposed, combining multiple security systems, and utilizing the concept of Honeypots to provide an automated prevention mechanism employing artificial intelligence (AI). This study aims to merge AI and honeypot with intrusion prevention system (IPS) to detect social engineering attacks, threaten the attacker, and restrict his session to keep users away from these manipulation tactics.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
3. Conflicting Understanding of Cyberspace:
An Obstacle for Common Norms
USA: Cyberspace
Russia, SCO:
Information Space
A global domain within the information
environment consisting of the interdependent
network of information technology
infrastructures, including the
Internet, telecommunications
networks, computer systems, and embedded
processes and controllers
U.S. Department of Defense (latest
edition 2012)
O.V. Demidov
Program Coordinator
PIR Center
Information space - the sphere of activity
connected with the
formation, creation, conversion, transfer, use, an
d storage of information and which has an effect
on individual and social consciousness, the
information infrastructure, and information itself.
Inf. space
Convention on International
Information Security (concept);
SCO Yekaterinburg Agreement
June 16, 2009
Cyber
Space
Germany: Cyberspace
The virtual space of all IT systems linked at data
level on a global scale. The basis for cyberspace is
the Internet as a universal and publicly accessible
connection and transport network which can be
complemented and further expanded by any
number of additional data networks. IT systems in
an isolated virtual space are not part of
cyberspace.
Cyber Security Strategy
for Germany, 2011
Russia – U.S. Bilateral on Cybersecurity.
Critical Terminology Foundations. EastWest Institute, 2011
An electronic domain through which
information is created, transmitted, received,
stored, processed and deleted
U.S-Russian Study Group: Cyberspace
4. Threats in Cyberspace: Classification
Malicious Activities in Cyberspace: Actor-Object
Classification
Object
Citizens
States and Proxy
Actors
Actor
O.V. Demidov
Program Coordinator
PIR Center
Russia: the Triad of threats in the
information space
Military and Political
Threats
Citizens
Cyber Crime
(Сitizens vs Citizens)
States and Proxy
Actors
Cyber Terrorism
(Сitizens vs States)
(States vs Citizens)
Cyber war
(States vs States)
?
Any universal classification?
Terrorism
Cybercrime
Formulated by UN GA Resolution
A/RES/54/49 on December 1, 1998
(adopted under Russia’s initiative)
Elements are interrelated and inseparable
Includes the issues of content
Does not provide understanding of technical
nature of threats
5. Soft Law Mechanisms and
Codes of Conduct for Cyberspace
Proposals
O.V. Demidov
Program Coordinator
PIR Center
Soft Law Mechanisms
Authors
1. Russia
2. The SCO and its
states
Russia supports the idea of a Code of Conduct for cyberspace as a
global UN-backed document with strong emphasis on content issues
1. Code of Conduct in the field of International Information Security
(drafted by Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and China on September 12,
2011)
2. In March 2013 China called for creating some code of conduct for
cyberspace in order to tackle the threat of cyberwar
3. USA
4. UN and the ITU
Since the end of 2012 actively support elaboration of “norms of
responsible behavior” in cyberspace.
Adaptation of the existing international law (jus in bello, jus ad bellum)
Support of the Tallinn Manual approach
Statement by the Secretary of State Hillary Clinton at the international
Conference on Cyberspace in Budapest on November 5, 2012
International private-state cooperation mechanisms: IMPACT-ITU
Alliance since 2011
(Russia refused, Group-IB and Kaspersky Lab participate)
The ITU: National Cybersecurity Strategy Guide: is not in demand in
Russia, as well as the ITU cybersecurity standards
Global Cybersecurity Culture: UN GA Resolution A/RES/64/211,
A/RES/58/199, A/RES/57/239 (just recommendations)
6. Legally Binding Mechanisms for Cyberspace
Proposals
O.V. Demidov
Program Coordinator
PIR Center
Proposals of legally binding acts
Authors
1. Russia
1. Convention on International Information Security (concept)
Presented on 11.2011 (Conference on Cyberspace)
Global scale as a UN act
Comprehensive nature (the triad of threats + the issues of cyber sovereignty)
2. Project of a universal UN Convention on international cybercrime (to be presented
probably in Seoul in October 2013)
To provide new level of cooperation and to avoid the flaws of the Budapest
Convention of CoE
Embraces only criminal segment of the Triad of threats
2. SCO and its separate
states
3. USA
4. UN and the ITU
1. The agreement of SCO on cooperation in the field of ensuring the international
information security signed on June 16, 2009
Laid terminological foundation in the field of IIS
First legally binding international document
No any particular mechanism of intergovernmental cooperation on countering
cyberthreats
Participate in CoE Convention and promote it as a potentially global mechanism
Oppose the initiatives of Russia and the SCO because of cyber sovereignty
component
2010: The ITU Secretary General Hamadoun Toure called to elaboration of a global treaty
on prevention of cyberwars
Concept of a “peace treaty before war”
Never promoted at the UN GA level
Political disputes between Russia, China, USA make the idea hardly feasible
7. Chatham House,
London, 07.05.2013
The International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare
Issued by CCD COE International Group of Experts on March 28, 2013
Adaptation or a new vision of the international law of armed conflict?
States may not knowingly allow cyber infrastructure located in their territory
to be used for acts that adversely affect other States
The State itself is responsible for proxy actors acting under its direction
The prohibition on the use of force in international law applies fully to cyber
operations. Any cyber operation that caused harm to individuals or damage
to objects qualified as a use of force
An attack is a cyber operation that causes injury or death to individuals or
damage or destruction to objects or which interferes with the functionality of
cyber infrastructure in a manner that requires repair
Civilian hacktivists conducting cyber operations during an armed conflict
can become legitimate targets under certain circumstances
8. Chatham House,
London, 07.05.2013
An International Criminal Court or Tribunal for Cyberspace (ICTC)
Stein Schjolberg, Norwegian Judge, High Level Experts Group (HLEG), ITU, Geneva, Chairman
(2007-2008)
A United Nations court of law, established through a Resolution by the Security Council in
accordance with Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
The idea of international criminal jurisdiction over individuals committing massive and wellcoordinated cyber attacks, which effectively equals to criminal jurisdiction over proxy actors in
cyber conflicts (including state vs state cyber wars with the use of proxy actors)
Two areas of jurisdiction:
1. “Core cybercrimes” (fraud, data interception, forgery, illegal access, etc.)
2. Massive and coordinated global cyber attacks against critical information
Infrastructures
“To prosecute … whoever by destroying, damaging, or rendering unusable critical communications
and information infrastructures, causes substantial and comprehensive disturbance to the
national security, civil defense, public administration and services, public health or safety, or
banking and financial services”.
No room for responsibility of a state actor for malicious activities in cyberspace – because of
the attribution problem
10. Chatham House,
London, 07.05.2013
Information on PIR Center program
“International Information Security and Global
Internet Governance”
net.pircenter.org
Contacts (Oleg Demidov)
demidov@pircenter.org