World War 1 was characterized by total war, garrison warfare along lengthy trenches, and modernization of weapons and technology that led to mass casualties but did not provide clear advantages to either side. New Zealand's involvement in World War 1 contributed to its gradual move towards independence in the early 20th century.

1. Characteristics of WWI

2. Why we study it
 Total war
 Garrison warfare
 Modernisation
 Scale of loss?
 NZ – move to independence

3. Total war
 All aspects of society were in concert for the war.
 Civilians involved in war effort
 Rationing at home to enable effort away
 Conscription enacted
 Governments become unified
 Propaganda features heavily

5. Garrison Warfare
 Trenches of WWII were the culmination of one hundred and twenty years on
increasing ‘field work’ development
 Characterised WWI as a war on massive fronts, aiming to increase areas of control,
by a couple of kilometres at a time
 The lines of 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918 arguably remain fairly similar

7. Modernisation
 First significant conflict where mass production directly affected the war. No longer
a case of not enough bullets, but we have the first artillery strikes that last
 Somme – 1010 light artillery pieces and 427 heavy artillery pieces fired on the German
defences for five days
 The machine gun = stalemate
 Chemical warfare = little impact
 Aircraft = stalemate
 Tanks = work in progress (Cambrai)

9. Scale of loss?
 Russia 1,700,000
 Germany 1,600,000
 France 1,359,000
 Austria 922,000
 Italy 689,000
 Britain 658,700
 Romania 335,706
 Turkey 250,000

11. NZ Independence
 1901 Australia
 1902 Flag adopted
 1907 Dominion
 1915 Flag unofficially flown at Gallipoli
 1919 League of Nations
 1939 Independent Governor General
 1949 New Zealand citizenship

12. Your task
 Choose ONE characteristic of World War One
 Conduct brief research on it
 How could you explain this to Y7-8 students at one of our feeder schools?
 What resources could you share?
 Develop a lesson plan for a 20minute lesson on the one aspect and upload it to the
Canvas assignment