(1) A series of experiments were conducted to separate mixtures using physical and chemical properties. Fe filings were separated from a mixture using a magnet. Mothballs were identified as the residue filtered from one experiment. (2) Further experiments observed the reactions of substances with acids. Metals like Fe and Mg reacted with HCl, shown by bubble formation. Mg produced a basic solution when added to water. (3) Additional tests observed color changes and reactions with substances like iodine and sulfur. One filtrate was found to have basic properties based on its effect on litmus paper. A variety of separation methods and chemical tests were used to analyze different mixtures.

1. Bunuan
Tolentino

2. PROCEDURE

3. (1) 0.2 g tables
0.2 g Fe 0.2 g mothballs
filings salt
(ground)
Mix
Add 2 strips Mg
ribbon and a pinch
of food coloring
Scatter mixture on
a piece of paper
Pass a magnet Save the
underneath separated
the paper components

4. (2)
Place mixture Put a piece of perforated
(from 1) in a 50 filter paper on top of evap.
ml beaker dish containing the residue;
place inverted funnel w/
cotton in its tip on the filter
paper
Add 30 mL of
water
Heat gently until
solids deposit on the
Filter walls of the funnel
mixture
Save deposit on
Save the filtrate funnel and residue
(mixture in flask); on evap. dish
transfer residue to
evaporating dish

5. (3)
Boil the filtrate then add
pinch of activated
charcoal
Continue boiling
until mixture is
about 20 mL
Filter the mixture and save
filtrate in test tube.
Which substance was
separated?

6. (4)
To 2 mL filtrate from
#3b, add a crystal of Evaporate hexane
iodine and shake well layer slowly (in a
hood). Identify the
residue.
Add 1 mL hexane.
What is the color of the hexane Evaporate aqueous
layer? The aqueous layer?
layer to dryness
Identify the residue.
Separate the two layers using
medicine dropper.
What method of separation is employed
here? What properties of the mixture must
be considered in this method of
separation?

7. Place small amounts of Fe,
(1) Mg, iodine and mothballs
(from part A) in separate
test tubes
Add 10 drops of 0.1
M HCl. Cover w/
stopper immediately
Observe for evolution of gas. Test the
gas with a glowing splinter.
Which is/are metallic? Nonmetallic?

8. (2)
Heat a piece of Mg
ribbon directly over
blue flame until it
burns
Place the ash in a test
tube, add 5 mL water and
shake the test tube
Test for
acidity/alkalinity of
solution using litmus
paper

9. (3) (to be performed in a hood)
Thrust tip of glass
Add 1 mL
rod over blue flame
water
for 1 minute
Shake test tube and
test
Dip heated tip into
alkalinity/acidity of
powdered sulfur placed
solution
on watch glass
Collect the fumes
in a test tube and
stopper with cork

10. (1) a b c
Place a pinch of Fe, Cool test tube
Recall
mothballs, food and examine
procedure 2
coloring and table salt upper portion of
and 3 of
in separate 20 mL test the walls of test
Part B.
tubes tube
What type of
Heat test tubes with change has taken
low flame and place? What are the
observe if there are experimental
visible results evidences for this
type of change?

11. (2) Place small piece of Fe
and Mg in 2 separate
test tube
Add 10 drops
of 0.1 M HCl
to each
Record your
observation
What type of
change took
place?

12. (3) Place small piece of Fe
and Mg in 2 separate
test tube
Add 10 drops of
FeCl3to each
Record your
observation
What type of
change took
place?

13. (4)
Place all of the
filtrate saved from
experiment A in an
evap. dish
Add a piece of
red litmus
paper.
Evaporate to
dryness

14. RESULTS

15. (1) Fe filings were separated from the mixture
-- this is because Fe filings are metallic
(2) The residue filtered were mothballs.
(3) At first, activated charcoal was suspended
in the liquid. It settled at the bottom of the
beaker after a while.

16. (4)
b. Color of hexane layer was clear pink. The
aqueous layer was clear yellow.
c. Solvent-extraction was used to separate the 2
layers. The property of the two liquids to be
considered when using this process is that they
should be immiscible to each other.
d. Residue:
e. Residue:

17. 1. Bubble formation was observed in Mg and Fe.
Mothballs and iodine were non-metallic while
Fe and Mg were metallic.
2. The Mg ribbon was basic since the red litmus
paper turned blue
3. The heated rod went into fire when contact was
made with sulfur. The flame on the rod, when
placed in the test tube was put out and yellow
fumes were collected. When added with water,
the solution was found to be acidic.

18. (1) a. After heating:
- iodine was liquefied and turned violet in color.
Small crystals appeared on the walls of test tube.
- mothballs liquefied and turned orange; moisture
and white spots appeared on the test tube wall
-in the test tube with Fe, orange precipitates
formed on the upper walls of the test tube.
- there were no visible reactions in the test tube
containing table salt

19. b. Spots of the substance formed on the upper
wall of test tube.
Physical reaction occurred.
c. Re part B, procedure 2: Chemical reaction
occurred, one indication is the solution
becoming basic.
Part B, procedure 3: Chemical reaction took
place; mixture became acidic.

20. (2) Bubbles were formed indicating chemical
change in Fe upon addition of HCl. The
formation of bubbles in Mg were faster,
meaning the reaction rate was faster in Mg.
(3) In Fe, bubbles were formed. In Mg ribbon,
the mixture turned yellow then to and
bubbles formed.

21. (4) Basic; red litmus paper turned to blue

22. end