Chapter 9 powerpoint
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Genitourinary disease involves disorders of the genital and urinary organs including the kidneys, bladder, and reproductive organs. Chronic renal failure occurs when the kidneys are damaged and can no longer properly remove waste from the blood, affecting over 250,000 Americans annually. Without treatment like dialysis, chronic renal failure leads to total kidney failure or end-stage renal disease which is fatal. A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enters the urinary tract anywhere from the urethra to the kidneys. UTI's are especially common in women and while usually easy to treat, they can cause serious kidney infections if left untreated.
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Liver disease incidence and prevalence
Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease caused by scar tissue replacing healthy tissue and was responsible for over 1 million deaths globally in 2010. Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer death, with 745,000 deaths in 2012. Hepatitis viruses A-E are transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids and can cause acute or chronic liver disease, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Alcoholic liver disease is a major cause of cirrhosis in Western countries. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis also contribute significantly to global liver disease prevalence and mortality.
Objective 1
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. In mild cases, inflammation is confined to the pancreas with minimal organ dysfunction and recovery usually within six months. Severe cases involve widespread pancreatic tissue damage, necrosis, and systemic complications affecting other organs. The activated pancreatic enzymes normally involved in digestion can instead start digesting the pancreas itself in acute pancreatitis. More severe injury leads to necrosis while milder injury only involves edema. Ranson's criteria is used to predict patient mortality from acute pancreatitis based on various lab values and symptoms.
UTI.pptx
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, classification, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of UTIs. UTIs are common, especially in women, and are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and ascending to the bladder or kidneys. Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of infection. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture. Treatment involves antibiotics targeted to the specific pathogen.
Glomerulonephritis 2nd to Hepatitis C
This document discusses renal involvement and glomerulopathies secondary to HCV infection. Some key points:
- HCV infection increases the risk of chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, and end-stage renal disease. It is associated with various types of glomerulonephritis.
- HCV can directly infect renal cells and also cause immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis through mixed cryoglobulinemia. Common pathologies include membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy.
- Screening HCV patients for renal markers annually and kidney biopsy if indicated can help diagnose HCV-induced glomerular lesions. While antiviral therapy treats the underlying
Hepatic Cirrhosis NCM 103
Cirrhosis results from various mechanisms of liver injury and inflammation that lead to fibrosis and scarring of the liver. This scarring distorts the liver's vascular architecture and increases resistance to blood flow, resulting in portal hypertension. The three main causes of cirrhosis in developed countries are hepatitis C infection, alcohol misuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cirrhosis progresses from compensated to decompensated stages and can lead to complications like ascites, bleeding varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and ultimately liver failure without treatment.
Uti
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common, especially in bedridden patients. UTIs can affect the lower urinary tract (urethra, bladder) or upper tract (kidneys, ureters). Symptoms range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to systemic symptoms like fever. Risk factors include female sex, age, pregnancy, sexual activity, and anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract. Treatment involves antibiotics, with drug and duration depending on infection severity and location. Catheter use increases risk and they should be inserted aseptically and changed if malfunctioning to prevent UTIs.
Urinary system disorder
At the end of this lecture the student will be able to understand the following:
Anatomy and physiology of renal & urology system
Assessment of renal & urology system
Introduction to renal & urology system disorders
Definition of UTI
Etiology/Pathophysiology of UTI
Risk factors of UTI
Clinical manifestation UTI
Complications of UTI
Diagnostic test of UTI
Medical management UTI
Nursing management UTI
Urinary abbreviations:chap 9
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is usually caused by bacteria affecting the bladder, ureters, or kidneys. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the infection but commonly include painful urination and cloudy urine. Treatments usually involve antibiotics and fluids, though more severe infections may require intravenous antibiotics. Catheterization involves inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain or administer fluids. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy uses ultrasonic waves to break up stones in the kidneys or bladder without surgery. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test checks kidney function by measuring waste product levels in the blood.
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Liver disease incidence and prevalence
Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease caused by scar tissue replacing healthy tissue and was responsible for over 1 million deaths globally in 2010. Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer death, with 745,000 deaths in 2012. Hepatitis viruses A-E are transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids and can cause acute or chronic liver disease, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Alcoholic liver disease is a major cause of cirrhosis in Western countries. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatitis also contribute significantly to global liver disease prevalence and mortality.
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Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. In mild cases, inflammation is confined to the pancreas with minimal organ dysfunction and recovery usually within six months. Severe cases involve widespread pancreatic tissue damage, necrosis, and systemic complications affecting other organs. The activated pancreatic enzymes normally involved in digestion can instead start digesting the pancreas itself in acute pancreatitis. More severe injury leads to necrosis while milder injury only involves edema. Ranson's criteria is used to predict patient mortality from acute pancreatitis based on various lab values and symptoms.
UTI.pptx
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, classification, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of UTIs. UTIs are common, especially in women, and are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and ascending to the bladder or kidneys. Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of infection. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture. Treatment involves antibiotics targeted to the specific pathogen.
Glomerulonephritis 2nd to Hepatitis C
This document discusses renal involvement and glomerulopathies secondary to HCV infection. Some key points:
- HCV infection increases the risk of chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, and end-stage renal disease. It is associated with various types of glomerulonephritis.
- HCV can directly infect renal cells and also cause immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis through mixed cryoglobulinemia. Common pathologies include membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and membranous nephropathy.
- Screening HCV patients for renal markers annually and kidney biopsy if indicated can help diagnose HCV-induced glomerular lesions. While antiviral therapy treats the underlying
Hepatic Cirrhosis NCM 103
Cirrhosis results from various mechanisms of liver injury and inflammation that lead to fibrosis and scarring of the liver. This scarring distorts the liver's vascular architecture and increases resistance to blood flow, resulting in portal hypertension. The three main causes of cirrhosis in developed countries are hepatitis C infection, alcohol misuse, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cirrhosis progresses from compensated to decompensated stages and can lead to complications like ascites, bleeding varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and ultimately liver failure without treatment.
Uti
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common, especially in bedridden patients. UTIs can affect the lower urinary tract (urethra, bladder) or upper tract (kidneys, ureters). Symptoms range from asymptomatic bacteriuria to systemic symptoms like fever. Risk factors include female sex, age, pregnancy, sexual activity, and anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract. Treatment involves antibiotics, with drug and duration depending on infection severity and location. Catheter use increases risk and they should be inserted aseptically and changed if malfunctioning to prevent UTIs.
Urinary system disorder
At the end of this lecture the student will be able to understand the following:
Anatomy and physiology of renal & urology system
Assessment of renal & urology system
Introduction to renal & urology system disorders
Definition of UTI
Etiology/Pathophysiology of UTI
Risk factors of UTI
Clinical manifestation UTI
Complications of UTI
Diagnostic test of UTI
Medical management UTI
Nursing management UTI
Urinary abbreviations:chap 9
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is usually caused by bacteria affecting the bladder, ureters, or kidneys. Symptoms vary depending on the location of the infection but commonly include painful urination and cloudy urine. Treatments usually involve antibiotics and fluids, though more severe infections may require intravenous antibiotics. Catheterization involves inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain or administer fluids. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy uses ultrasonic waves to break up stones in the kidneys or bladder without surgery. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test checks kidney function by measuring waste product levels in the blood.
update in Urinary tract infection
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It begins with an anatomical and physiological review of the urinary tract. It then discusses the pathogenesis of UTIs, noting that they usually involve bacterial invasion of the urothelium by pathogens like E. coli that enter through the urethra. The document outlines risk factors for UTIs and their significant health and economic burdens. It provides treatment guidelines for different types of UTIs and discusses alternatives to broad-spectrum antibiotics to minimize ecological impacts.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
1. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by multiple bilateral renal cysts and cysts in other organs caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes.
2. The renal cysts enlarge over time, ultimately leading to renal failure in half of patients by age 60.
3. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure, treating infections, reducing pain, and delaying renal failure through medications such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
Ai by dr. ataul karim
This document summarizes the pathophysiology of anaemia of inflammation (AI). AI is caused by abnormal iron metabolism mediated by hepcidin and cytokines like IL-6, which block iron release from macrophages and enterocytes. This causes hypoferremia despite adequate iron stores. AI also impairs erythrocyte progenitor formation and erythropoietin production. The key features of AI are hypoferremia in the context of inflammation from any cause, acute or chronic, without other identifiable causes of anemia.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Dangerous Complication of E. coli
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Glomerular Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis is a renal disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidneys. It affects both kidneys symmetrically and accounts for 1/3 of patients requiring dialysis or transplantation. There are several types including non-proliferative types which usually present as nephrotic syndrome, proliferative types which usually present as nephritic syndrome, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis which is a medical emergency. The causes, presentations, investigations, and treatments vary depending on the specific type.
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. It is caused by dysregulation of the complement system due to genetic mutations or acquired factors. Treatment involves supportive care, complement inhibition with eculizumab, and therapeutic plasma exchange. Prognosis is generally poor, with end-stage renal disease developing in many cases within one year without treatment.
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This document discusses HIV and AIDS. It begins by defining HIV as the virus and AIDS as the late stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged. It then explains that HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and is primarily spread through unprotected sex and sharing drug injection equipment. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral medications can effectively treat HIV infection.
Protcet Your Self from HIV
If anybody suspects for HIV infection, he or she should contact a health expert working on HIV and looking ahead with confidential counseling and testing. It is important for the pregnant ladies to go for a HIV test before delivery.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by thrombocytopenia, acute renal impairment, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. It has typical and atypical variants, with the typical variant caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. HUS presents with varied symptoms depending on etiology and can progress to end-stage renal disease if left untreated. Treatment involves supportive care, dialysis if needed, and addressing the underlying cause. Outcomes depend on prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications.
Ulcerative Colitis
It’s a chronic disease of the large intestine (aka the colon), where the lining becomes inflamed and develops tiny open sores that produce pus and mucous. Learn more here.
pyria of unknown origin
1. Prolonged unexplained fever (PUO) is defined as a fever above 38.3°C for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after outpatient visits or 3 days of hospitalization.
2. Infections are the most common cause of PUO (45% of cases), followed by malignancy (20%) and connective tissue diseases (15%).
3. Common infectious causes include tuberculosis, endocarditis, hepatitis, and infections of the abdomen, urinary tract, bones/joints, and dental/sinus areas. Viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections can also cause PUO.
Hepatitis
BESTHA CHAKRAPANI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
BALAJI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
ANANTHAPURAMU
HEPATITIS
#Hepatitis#definition#virus#types #hepatitis A#hepatitis B#hepatitis c #hepatitis D#hepatitis E#signs #symptoms#liver#effected by hepatitis#picture presentation of each type#treatment#vaccines#prevention from disease
#world hepatitis day
Sindrome hemolítico urêmica
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. It most commonly affects children under 10 and is increasing worldwide. The primary cause is infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, especially E. coli O157:H7. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea and renal impairment. Treatment is supportive with fluid management and dialysis if needed. Antibiotics are not recommended due to increased risk of HUS. Outcomes range from full recovery to chronic renal failure or death in severe cases.
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This document summarizes information about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It begins by defining NAFLD as a spectrum of liver disease ranging from simple fatty liver or steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. It then discusses the global prevalence of NAFLD, key risk factors like obesity, diabetes, genetic factors, and demographic information. Mortality risks associated with NAFLD are also summarized, showing increased risks of death from liver-related causes and all-cause mortality correlated with fibrosis stage. The document concludes by noting NAFLD is now considered a systemic disease with potential extrahepatic manifestations affecting other organ systems.
CASE REPORT ON HUS
The patient, a 16-year-old girl, presented with fever, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice, decreased urine output, and swelling over 10 days. Laboratory tests showed hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury consistent with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Stool culture grew E. coli, indicating the patient had Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) HUS, the most common type of HUS in children. The patient was diagnosed with HUS likely caused by STEC infection.
HUS
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. It is most commonly caused by infections from Shiga toxin-producing bacteria like E. coli O157:H7. The Shiga toxin damages endothelial cells and causes blood clots to form in the kidneys. Treatment involves fluid replacement, dialysis, and plasma exchange to support kidney function and replace lost blood cells. While the prognosis is generally good for typical HUS caused by infection, atypical non-infection related HUS has a worse prognosis.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
This document provides an overview of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), including a history, introduction to the different types (autosomal dominant and recessive), pathophysiology, diagnostic tests and treatments. It discusses the first known case in the 16th century Polish king and subsequent studies defining it as a clinical entity. The two main types are described in more detail, focusing on genetics, characteristics and management. A case study is presented of a 42-year old female diagnosed with autosomal dominant PKD who underwent genetic testing identifying a heterozygous nonsense mutation.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Polycystic disease of the kidney (PKD) is a disorder in which major portion of the renal parenchyma is converted into cysts of varying size .
Fluid-filled cysts distributed over the kidney results in massive enlargement of the kidneys.
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A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract. The most common type is a bladder infection. UTIs are usually caused by E. coli bacteria entering through the urethra. Symptoms depend on the location but can include pain during urination and cloudy urine. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, while prevention focuses on hygiene and drinking cranberry juice or capsules. Complications can include kidney damage if left untreated.
Urinary tract infection (uti) and kidney stones
This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs). It notes that UTIs can affect the lower urinary tract (bladder) or upper urinary tract (kidneys). Bacteria normally found in the intestines can enter the urethra and travel upwards, causing infection in the bladder or kidneys if not treated. Common symptoms include urges to urinate and painful urination. Treatment involves antibiotics and preventing bacteria from entering the urethra through hygiene and dietary habits. UTIs are diagnosed through urine tests and patient history.
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update in Urinary tract infection
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It begins with an anatomical and physiological review of the urinary tract. It then discusses the pathogenesis of UTIs, noting that they usually involve bacterial invasion of the urothelium by pathogens like E. coli that enter through the urethra. The document outlines risk factors for UTIs and their significant health and economic burdens. It provides treatment guidelines for different types of UTIs and discusses alternatives to broad-spectrum antibiotics to minimize ecological impacts.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
1. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by multiple bilateral renal cysts and cysts in other organs caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes.
2. The renal cysts enlarge over time, ultimately leading to renal failure in half of patients by age 60.
3. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure, treating infections, reducing pain, and delaying renal failure through medications such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
Ai by dr. ataul karim
This document summarizes the pathophysiology of anaemia of inflammation (AI). AI is caused by abnormal iron metabolism mediated by hepcidin and cytokines like IL-6, which block iron release from macrophages and enterocytes. This causes hypoferremia despite adequate iron stores. AI also impairs erythrocyte progenitor formation and erythropoietin production. The key features of AI are hypoferremia in the context of inflammation from any cause, acute or chronic, without other identifiable causes of anemia.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Dangerous Complication of E. coli
In this presentation provided by the nation's foremost food poison law firm - Marler Clark, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is explained. HUS is a rare and highly dangerous result of an E. coli infection and can result in acute kidney failure
Glomerular Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis is a renal disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli or small blood vessels in the kidneys. It affects both kidneys symmetrically and accounts for 1/3 of patients requiring dialysis or transplantation. There are several types including non-proliferative types which usually present as nephrotic syndrome, proliferative types which usually present as nephritic syndrome, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis which is a medical emergency. The causes, presentations, investigations, and treatments vary depending on the specific type.
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. It is caused by dysregulation of the complement system due to genetic mutations or acquired factors. Treatment involves supportive care, complement inhibition with eculizumab, and therapeutic plasma exchange. Prognosis is generally poor, with end-stage renal disease developing in many cases within one year without treatment.
Conditions and Diseases of the Lymphatic and Immune System
The document discusses three conditions: HIV, polycythemia vera, and mononucleosis. HIV attacks T-cells, weakening the immune system and potentially leading to AIDS if untreated. While antiretroviral therapy can suppress HIV, there is no cure. Polycythemia vera causes overproduction of red blood cells, thickening blood and increasing clot risks, and is managed through aspirin, phlebotomy, and medications. Mononucleosis, commonly known as "the kissing disease," is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and presents with lymphocyte abnormalities and potential liver/spleen issues, being treated through rest and relief of secondary infections.
HIV AND AIDS
This document discusses HIV and AIDS. It begins by defining HIV as the virus and AIDS as the late stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged. It then explains that HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and is primarily spread through unprotected sex and sharing drug injection equipment. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral medications can effectively treat HIV infection.
Protcet Your Self from HIV
If anybody suspects for HIV infection, he or she should contact a health expert working on HIV and looking ahead with confidential counseling and testing. It is important for the pregnant ladies to go for a HIV test before delivery.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by thrombocytopenia, acute renal impairment, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. It has typical and atypical variants, with the typical variant caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. HUS presents with varied symptoms depending on etiology and can progress to end-stage renal disease if left untreated. Treatment involves supportive care, dialysis if needed, and addressing the underlying cause. Outcomes depend on prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications.
Ulcerative Colitis
It’s a chronic disease of the large intestine (aka the colon), where the lining becomes inflamed and develops tiny open sores that produce pus and mucous. Learn more here.
pyria of unknown origin
1. Prolonged unexplained fever (PUO) is defined as a fever above 38.3°C for at least 3 weeks without a confirmed diagnosis after outpatient visits or 3 days of hospitalization.
2. Infections are the most common cause of PUO (45% of cases), followed by malignancy (20%) and connective tissue diseases (15%).
3. Common infectious causes include tuberculosis, endocarditis, hepatitis, and infections of the abdomen, urinary tract, bones/joints, and dental/sinus areas. Viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections can also cause PUO.
Hepatitis
BESTHA CHAKRAPANI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
BALAJI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
ANANTHAPURAMU
HEPATITIS
#Hepatitis#definition#virus#types #hepatitis A#hepatitis B#hepatitis c #hepatitis D#hepatitis E#signs #symptoms#liver#effected by hepatitis#picture presentation of each type#treatment#vaccines#prevention from disease
#world hepatitis day
Sindrome hemolítico urêmica
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. It most commonly affects children under 10 and is increasing worldwide. The primary cause is infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, especially E. coli O157:H7. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea and renal impairment. Treatment is supportive with fluid management and dialysis if needed. Antibiotics are not recommended due to increased risk of HUS. Outcomes range from full recovery to chronic renal failure or death in severe cases.
NAFDL: un approccio clinico multidisciplinare
This document summarizes information about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It begins by defining NAFLD as a spectrum of liver disease ranging from simple fatty liver or steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. It then discusses the global prevalence of NAFLD, key risk factors like obesity, diabetes, genetic factors, and demographic information. Mortality risks associated with NAFLD are also summarized, showing increased risks of death from liver-related causes and all-cause mortality correlated with fibrosis stage. The document concludes by noting NAFLD is now considered a systemic disease with potential extrahepatic manifestations affecting other organ systems.
CASE REPORT ON HUS
The patient, a 16-year-old girl, presented with fever, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, jaundice, decreased urine output, and swelling over 10 days. Laboratory tests showed hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury consistent with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Stool culture grew E. coli, indicating the patient had Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) HUS, the most common type of HUS in children. The patient was diagnosed with HUS likely caused by STEC infection.
HUS
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. It is most commonly caused by infections from Shiga toxin-producing bacteria like E. coli O157:H7. The Shiga toxin damages endothelial cells and causes blood clots to form in the kidneys. Treatment involves fluid replacement, dialysis, and plasma exchange to support kidney function and replace lost blood cells. While the prognosis is generally good for typical HUS caused by infection, atypical non-infection related HUS has a worse prognosis.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
This document provides an overview of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), including a history, introduction to the different types (autosomal dominant and recessive), pathophysiology, diagnostic tests and treatments. It discusses the first known case in the 16th century Polish king and subsequent studies defining it as a clinical entity. The two main types are described in more detail, focusing on genetics, characteristics and management. A case study is presented of a 42-year old female diagnosed with autosomal dominant PKD who underwent genetic testing identifying a heterozygous nonsense mutation.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Polycystic disease of the kidney (PKD) is a disorder in which major portion of the renal parenchyma is converted into cysts of varying size .
Fluid-filled cysts distributed over the kidney results in massive enlargement of the kidneys.
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Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Dangerous Complication of E. coli
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Conditions and Diseases of the Lymphatic and Immune System
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Similar to Chapter 9 powerpoint
Document
A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract. The most common type is a bladder infection. UTIs are usually caused by E. coli bacteria entering through the urethra. Symptoms depend on the location but can include pain during urination and cloudy urine. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, while prevention focuses on hygiene and drinking cranberry juice or capsules. Complications can include kidney damage if left untreated.
Urinary tract infection (uti) and kidney stones
This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs). It notes that UTIs can affect the lower urinary tract (bladder) or upper urinary tract (kidneys). Bacteria normally found in the intestines can enter the urethra and travel upwards, causing infection in the bladder or kidneys if not treated. Common symptoms include urges to urinate and painful urination. Treatment involves antibiotics and preventing bacteria from entering the urethra through hygiene and dietary habits. UTIs are diagnosed through urine tests and patient history.
Urinary Tract Infection
This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs). Some key points:
- UTIs affect about half of all people during their lifetime and cause over 10 million doctor visits annually in the US.
- UTIs are usually caused by bacteria like E. coli. Complicated UTIs involve anatomical abnormalities and are caused by more diverse microorganisms.
- Laboratory diagnosis of UTIs involves urine dipstick tests to detect bacteria, white blood cells, and nitrites. Microscopic examination can also find bacteria and white blood cells. Urine culture is the gold standard for confirmation.
- Definitions include uncomplicated vs complicated UTIs, asymptomatic bacteriuria, lower vs upper UTIs, and acute vs
Chapter 9 urinary system
The document summarizes key aspects of the urinary system, including common pathologies like urinary tract infections (UTIs), acute renal failure (ARF), and chronic renal failure (CRF). It describes the organs of the urinary system, symptoms and causes of UTIs, the urine culture test, and treatments for ARF like dialysis and preventing infection. CRF is defined as the slow loss of kidney function over time, with diabetes and high blood pressure as leading causes.
Chapter 10 Infectious disease.pptx infections disease
The document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs). It begins by defining a UTI as an infection caused by microbes like bacteria, fungi or viruses in the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. UTIs are commonly caused by Escherichia coli bacteria entering through the urethra. Risk factors include female anatomy, birth control use, catheter use, and suppressed immunity. Symptoms depend on the infected area and range from increased urination to fever. Diagnosis involves urine culture and imaging tests. Treatment involves drinking fluids, cranberry juice, antibiotics, and preventing recurrence.
Urinary Tract Infections
This document provides information about urinary tract infections (UTIs) including symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and medical treatment. It discusses how UTIs are caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and explains the different types including cystitis (bladder infection) and pyelonephritis (kidney infection). It notes that women are more prone to UTIs due to anatomical differences. Medical diagnosis involves urinalysis and urine culture tests. Treatment consists of antibiotic medications chosen based on the bacteria and infection severity. Lifestyle and dietary changes can also help prevent recurrent UTIs.
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This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections in children. It defines a UTI as an infection of the urinary tract structures. UTIs are common in children, especially females. The urinary system is described along with how bacteria can cause infections by ascending through the urethra. Signs, diagnostic tests, treatment with antibiotics, and nursing care are outlined. The goal is prompt treatment to prevent potential complications like kidney damage.
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This document provides information about urinary tract infections (UTIs) including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses that UTIs are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and can affect different parts of the tract, causing infections like cystitis (bladder) or pyelonephritis (kidneys). Common symptoms include burning during urination. Diagnosis involves urine testing and cultures. Treatment generally involves antibiotics, with type and duration depending on infection severity and bacteria involved. Recurrent infections may require long-term low-dose antibiotics. The document also covers urinary incontinence and its potential causes.
Urinary tract infection ppt
Urinary tract infections are common and caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. Symptoms depend on the location of infection, but can include burning during urination and frequent urination. E. coli is the most common cause, entering through the urethra. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and urinalysis may be used to confirm. Treatment involves antibiotics chosen based on the specific bacteria. Prevention includes drinking water, urinating when needed, and treating incontinence issues.
Urinary Tract infections commonly caused by E. Coli is a common illn.pdf
Urinary Tract infections commonly caused by E. Coli is a common illness in women because of
their short Urethra. 1.) Explain what a UTI is? 2.) What possible complications occur if it
spreads to the kidneys? 3.) Could a person be cured from this illness without the use of
antibiotics?
Solution
1). Urinary tract infections are those that affect any organ of the urinary system. This includes
kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters. The urinary tract infections (UTIs) are classified into
complicated UTIs and uncomplicated UTIs, which helps in the treatment decisions. The acute,
uncomplicated lower UTIs are otherwise known as “cystitis,” which occur in both males and
females.
2). The spread of infection ot the kidneys (pyelonephritis) results in permanent kidney scars,
chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.
3). Unlike the treatment for intestinal E.coli infection, the treatment of UTIs caused due to E.coli
need antibiotic treatment, However, many of the E.coli strains that cause UTIs are resistant to
antibiotics..
Infections of the Urinary Tract
Urinary tract infections are common and are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. UTIs can involve the lower tract including the bladder (cystitis) or the upper tract including the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Common symptoms of a lower UTI include burning with urination, frequent urination, and pelvic pain. A upper UTI may cause fever, chills, back pain and nausea. UTIs are generally treated with antibiotics like cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole based on the location and severity of the infection.
Urinary system
The urinary system produces, stores, and eliminates urine and includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It was described along with abbreviations for chronic renal failure (CRF), urinary tract infection (UTI), and urine culture (UC). CRF is the progressive loss of renal function over time that can be detected by increased creatinine or urine protein. A UTI is a bacterial infection of the urinary tract that is more common in women and often treated with antibiotics. A UC is a test to detect bacteria in urine and determine antibiotic sensitivity to diagnose and treat a UTI.
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This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women. It notes that UTIs are the third most common infection and affect 10-20% of the general population, with higher rates in older women. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, and UTIs can be upper (kidneys and ureters) or lower (bladder and urethra). E. coli is the most common cause of UTIs. The document recommends fosfomycin as the first-line antibiotic treatment for UTIs due to its effectiveness against E. coli and low resistance.
Notes on urinary disorders 1
This includes the infectious, Inflammatory diseases affecting the urinary system namely, UTI (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis), urethral diverticula, renal TB.
further, it also includes the immunological diseases affecting the kidneys like GN, and nephrotic syndrome.
prevent urinary tract infection.pdf
An contamination from microbes prompted in any section of the urinary system, which includes kidneys, bladder or urethra is referred to as Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Some of the signs encompass burning sensation all through urination, cloudy or bloody urine, multiplied frequency and urgency of urination and pelvic pain. With natural and herbal supplements, you can without problems deal with UTI besides inflicting any side-effects. Ayurvedic drugs for urine infection, such as triphala, helps in relieving UTI. Women are at an increased chance of creating a UTI than are men. Infection restrained to your bladder can be painful and annoying. However, serious consequences can take place if a UTI spreads to your kidneys
Urinary tract infections (UTI) & Renal vascular diseases
Urinary tract infections are common, especially in women, and occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract. The most common types are cystitis (bladder infection) and urethritis (urethra infection), usually caused by E. coli. Symptoms include painful urination and urinary frequency. Recurrent infections and infections that spread to the kidneys can cause serious complications if left untreated. Diagnosis involves a urine dipstick test and culture. Treatment depends on the location and involves antibiotics. Renal vascular diseases affect blood flow to the kidneys and can cause high blood pressure or kidney damage/failure. Risk factors include age, atherosclerosis, and smoking. Causes include atherosclerosis and conditions like renal artery stenosis.
Renal disorders
This document discusses the nursing management of patients with renal disorders. It covers assessment of urinary function including common sites of pain and changes in voiding. Diagnostic tests for urinary dysfunction like urinalysis, renal function tests, and radiological studies are described. Urinary tract infections, including risk factors, types, common bacteria, and nursing management are explained. Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis (kidney and urinary stones) are also briefly discussed.
Gotta Go, Gotta Go, Gotta Go Chapter 9
The urinary system works to remove waste from the bloodstream through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Urine is produced when the kidneys filter waste, especially urea produced from protein breakdown, from the blood. On average, adults eliminate about 1.5 quarts of urine per day to regulate chemicals and water in the body. Several medical tests and conditions related to the urinary system are also discussed.
Urinary Tract Infections
Presentation notes about UTI in female for medical students, undergraduate doctors and other health allied courses. It was prepared by medical doctor at Free Medicine.
Chapter 9 Presentation
The document summarizes key aspects of the urinary system and some urinary disorders:
The urinary system filters waste from the blood and removes it from the body through urine. Acute renal failure occurs when the kidneys suddenly fail to remove waste. Culture and sensitivity testing identifies bacteria in bodily fluids to determine effective antibiotics. Hemodialysis removes waste and excess water from the blood when the kidneys fail. Nephrotic syndrome damages the kidneys and causes protein to leak into the urine. Urinary tract infections are usually caused by bacteria and cause discomfort, especially when infecting the bladder.
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