This document discusses international business strategy. It defines strategy as actions to achieve organizational goals and outlines features like accounting for uncertainty and long-term development. It also describes strategic management as identifying strategies for competitive advantage. The strategic management process involves environmental scanning, strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation to bridge current and desired organizational states. Factors affecting strategic choices include responding to cost reduction and local responsiveness pressures through global standardization, localization, transnational, or international strategies.
Learning Objectives
To gain an understanding of the need for research.
To explore the differences between domestic and international research.
To learn where to find and how to use sources of secondary information.
To gain insight into the gathering of primary data.
To examine the need for international management information systems.
Environmental scanning is a concept from business management by which businesses gather information from the environment, to better achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
Environmental Scanning & Monitoring- Techniques
PEST, SWOT, QUEST
Learning Objectives
To gain an understanding of the need for research.
To explore the differences between domestic and international research.
To learn where to find and how to use sources of secondary information.
To gain insight into the gathering of primary data.
To examine the need for international management information systems.
Environmental scanning is a concept from business management by which businesses gather information from the environment, to better achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.
Environmental Scanning & Monitoring- Techniques
PEST, SWOT, QUEST
Strategic management
Process of determining an organization’s basic mission and long-term objectives, and then implementing a plan of action for pursuing this mission and attaining these objectives
How to allocate finite resources to achieve long-term objectives
Strategic management
Process of determining an organization’s basic mission and long-term objectives, and then implementing a plan of action for pursuing this mission and attaining these objectives
How to allocate finite resources to achieve long-term objectives
Strategic formulation in Strategic managementYamini Kahaliya
This presentation is on Strategy formulation(of subject strategic management) and it covers following points :-
Define strategy formulation
Need of strategy formulation
Steps of strategy formulation
Problems in strategy formulation
Levels of strategy
STRATEGY, STRATEGIC PLANNING, STRATEGIC DECISION, STRATEGIC CAPABILITY, OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, ROLE OF OPERATIONS IN AN ORGANIZATION, SCOPE OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS STRATEGY, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STRATEGIC, ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL DECISIONS, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND LEARNING,
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It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
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A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
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⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
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Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
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Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
2. Strategy: Definition and Features
Strategy can be defined as the actions that
managers take to attain the goals of the firm.
Strategy can also be defined as “A general direction
set for the company and its various components to
achieve a desired state in the future”.
A strategy is all about :
1- Integrating organizational activities
2- Allocating and utilizing the resources within the
organizational environment.
3- Meet the objectives.
3. Features of Strategy
Strategy is Significant to foresee the future, the
firms must be ready to deal with the uncertain
events which constitute the business environment.
Strategy deals with long term developments rather
than routine operations, i.e. it deals with probability
of innovations or new products, new methods of
productions, or new markets to be developed in
future.
Strategy: Definition and Features
4. Strategy is created to take into account the
probable behavior of customers and
competitors.
The objective of a strategy is to maximize an
organization’s strengths and to minimize the
strengths of the competitors.
Strategy, in short, bridges the gap between
“where we are” and “where we want to be”.
Strategy: Definition and Features
5. International Business Strategy and
Strategic Management
Strategic Management is all about
identification and description of the
strategies that managers can carry
out so as to achieve better
performance and a competitive
advantage for their organization.
6. Steps of Strategic Management
Process
1. Environmental Scanning
Environmental scanning refers to a process of collecting,
scrutinizing and providing information for strategic purposes.
It helps in analyzing the internal and external forces
influencing an organization.
After executing the environmental analysis process,
management should evaluate it on a continuous basis and
strive to improve it.
7. 2. Strategy Formulation
Strategy formulation is the process of deciding
best course of action for accomplishing
organizational objectives and hence achieving
organizational purpose.
After conducting environment scanning,
managers formulate corporate, business and
functional strategies.
Steps of Strategic Management
Process
8. 3- Strategy Implementation
Strategy implementation implies making the strategy
work as intended or putting the organization’s
chosen strategy into action.
Strategy implementation includes designing the
organization’s structure, distributing resources,
developing decision making process, and managing
human resources.
Steps of Strategic Management
Process
9. 4- Strategy Evaluation
Strategy evaluation is the final step of strategy
management process.
The key strategy evaluation activities are:
appraising internal and external factors that are the
root of present strategies, measuring performance,
and taking remedial / corrective actions.
Evaluation makes sure that the organizational
strategy as well as it’s implementation meets the
organizational objectives.
Steps of Strategic Management
Process
10. These components are steps that are carried, in chronological order, when
creating a new strategic management plan.
Components of Strategic Management Process
Present businesses that have already created a strategic management plan will
revert to these steps as per the situation’s requirement, so as to make essential
changes.
Steps of Strategic Management
Process
11. Variables Affecting the Selection of
Business Strategy
Firms that compete in the global marketplace face two
types of competitive pressures:
1- Cost reduction
Responding to cost reduction requires that a firm tries to minimize its
costs.
2- Local Responsiveness
Responding to local responsiveness requires that a firm differentiate its
products offering and marketing strategies from one country to another in
an effort to accommodate the diverse demands arising from national
differences in consumers’ tastes, preferences, business practices,
competitive conditions and governmental policies.
12. Strategic Choices
Four basic strategies to enter and
compete in the international
environment:
– Global Standardization Strategy
– Localization Strategy (Multi domestic
strategy)
– Transnational Strategy
– International Strategy
13. Global Standardization Strategy
Examples: Intel and Motorola
Firms that pursue a global standardization strategy focus
on increasing profitability and profit growth by reaping the
cost reductions that come from economies of scale(refer
to the reductions in unit cost achieved by producing a large
volume of a product), location economies (perform an
activity in the optimal location for that activity) and learning
effects(are cost savings that come from learning by doing),
Their strategic goal is to pursue a low-cost strategy on a global scale.
These firms try not to customize their product offering and marketing
strategy to local conditions because customization involves shorter
production runs and the duplication of functions, which tend to raise
costs.
14. Localization Strategy (Multi domestic
strategy)
Examples : MTV- Procter& Gamble- Automobile
Companies
A localization strategy focuses on increasing profitability by
customizing the firm’s goods or services so they provide a
good match to tastes and preferences in different national
markets.
Localization is most appropriate where consumer tastes
and preferences differ substantially across nations and
cost pressures are not too intense.
By customizing the product offering to local demands, the
firm increases the value of that product in the local market.
15. Transnational Strategy
Example : Caterpillar
What happens, however, when the firm simultaneously
faces both strong cost pressures and strong pressures for
local responsiveness?
According to some researchers, the answer is to pursue
what has been called a transnational strategy.
In today's environment, competitive conditions are so
intense that to survive, firms must do all they can to
respond to pressures for cost reductions and local
responsiveness.
16. International Strategy
Example: Microsoft
Firms that find themselves in the fortunate position
of being confronted with low cost pressures and low
pressures for local responsiveness.
These firms take products first produced for their
domestic market and sell them internationally with
only minimal local customization.
The distinguishing feature of these firms is that they
are selling product that serves universal needs but
they don’t face significant competitors.