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Chapter 8 rebotics
The document provides an outline of robotics, covering what robots are, their history, key components, and applications across various industries. It discusses the definitions of robots, the laws of robotics proposed by Asimov, and highlights the evolution of robotics from the first industrial robot to modern applications in fields like healthcare and manufacturing. The future of robotics is also addressed, mentioning advancements in artificial intelligence and autonomous systems.
Chapter 8 rebotics
- 1.
- 2. Outline • What isit? • What can it do? • History • Key components • Applications • Future
- 3. What is aRobot: I Manipulator
- 4. What is aRobot: II Wheeled RobotLegged Robot
- 5. What is aRobot: III Unmanned Aerial VehicleAutonomous Underwater Vehicle
- 6. What Can RobotsDo: I Cleaning Robot Cleaning the main circulating pump housing in the nuclear power plant Jobs that are dangerous for humans
- 7. What Can RobotsDo: II Repetitive jobs that are boring, stressful, or labor- intensive for humans Welding Robot
- 8. What Can RobotsDo: III The SCRUBMATE Robot Menial tasks that human don’t want to do
- 9. Robot Defined • Wordrobot was coined by a Czech novelist Karel Capek in a 1920 play titled Rossum’s Universal Robots (RUR) • Robota in Czech is a word for worker or servant Definition of robot: –A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks: Robot Institute of America, 1979 Karel Capek
- 10. Laws of Robotics •Asimov proposed three “Laws of Robotics” • Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm • Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law • Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law
- 11. • The firstindustrial robot: UNIMATE • 1954: The first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this to Unimation, which becomes the name of the first robot company (1962). History of Robotics: I
- 12. PUMA 560 Manipulator Historyof Robotics: II 1978: The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by Unimation with a General Motors design support
- 13. 1980s: The robotindustry enters a phase of rapid growth. Many institutions introduce programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments. Adept's SCARA robots Barrett Technology ManipulatorCognex In-Sight Robot History of Robotics: III
- 14. Key Components Base Manipulator linkage Controller Sensors Actuators Userinterface Power conversion unit
- 15. Robot Base: Fixedv/s Mobile Mobile bases are typically platforms with wheels or tracks attached. Instead of wheels or tracks, some robots employ legs in order to move about. Robotic manipulators used in manufacturing are examples of fixed robots. They can not move their base away from the work being done.
- 16. Robot Mechanism: MechanicalElements Inclined plane wedge Slider-Crank Cam and Follower Gear, rack, pinion, etc. Chain and sprocket Lever Linkage
- 17. Actuators: I • Commonrobotic actuators utilize combinations of different electro-mechanical devices – Synchronous motor – Stepper motor – AC servo motor – Brushless DC servo motor – Brushed DC servo motor http://www.ab.com/motion/servo/fseries.html
- 18. Hydraulic Motor StepperMotor Pneumatic Motor Servo Motor Actuators: II Pneumatic Cylinder DC Motor
- 19. Controller Provide necessaryintelligence to control the manipulator/mobile robot Process the sensory information and compute the control commands for the actuators to carry out specified tasks
- 20. Controller Hardware: I Storagedevices: e.g., memory to store the control program and the state of the robot system obtained from the sensors
- 21. Computational engine thatcomputes the control commands BASIC Stamp 2 ModuleRoboBoard Robotics Controller Controller Hardware: II
- 22. Analog to DigitalConverter Operational Amplifiers Interface units: Hardware to interface digital controller with the external world (sensors and actuators) Controller Hardware: III LM358 LM358 LM1458 dual operational amplifier
- 23. •Agriculture •Automobile •Construction •Entertainment •Health care: hospitals,patient-care, surgery , research, etc. •Laboratories: science, engineering , etc. •Law enforcement: surveillance, patrol, etc. •Manufacturing •Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc. •Mining, excavation, and exploration •Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc. •Utilities: gas, water, and electric •Warehouses Industries Using Robots
- 24. What Can RobotsDo? Industrial Robots Material Handling Manipulator Assembly Manipulator Spot Welding Manipulator •Material handling •Material transfer •Machine loading and/or unloading •Spot welding •Continuous arc welding •Spray coating •Assembly •Inspection
- 25. Robots in Space NASASpace Station
- 26. Robots in HazardousEnvironments TROV in Antarctica operating under water HAZBOT operating in atmospheres containing inflammable gases
- 27. Medical Robots Robotic assistantfor micro surgery
- 28. Robots at Home SonyAidoSony SDR-3X Entertainment Robot
- 29. Future of Robots:I Cog Kismet Artificial Intelligence
- 30. Future of Robots:II Garbage Collection CartRobot Work Crews Autonomy
- 31. Future of Robots:III HONDA Humanoid Robot Humanoids
Editor's Notes
- #2 A robot is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent, usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry.
- #4 A manipulator is the person or machine that does a job with skill or wisely manages something to their benefit. A crane operator is an example of a manipulator. A mechanical arm used to work with toxic materials is an example of a manipulator.
- #5 When wheels have dominated the robot world and seem extremely popular, innovators are struggling to find a decent replacement for wheels which would work in any kind of an environment. Adding legs to robots might be a solution for robots which runs on unprepared terrain.
- #6 An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a robot which travels underwater without requiring input from an operator. controlled and powered from the surface by an operator/pilot via an umbilical or using remote control. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone and also referred by several other names, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. The flight of UAVs may be controlled either autonomously by onboard computers or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground or in another vehicle.
- #18 An actuator is a type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, typically electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into motion.
- #22 The BASIC Stamp 2 serves as the brains inside of electronics projects and applications that require a programmable microcontroller. It is able to control and monitor timers, keypads, motors, sensors, switches, relays, lights, and more. Programming is performed in an easy-to-learn language called PBASIC, which is detailed in the starter kits that include the BASIC Stamp 2; the BASIC Stamp Activity Kit (#90005) and the BASIC Stamp Discovery Kit (#27207).
- #23 An operational amplifier (often op-amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output.