Chapter 8 acids and alkalis
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
1 like•538 views
This document discusses acids and alkalis. It defines acids as substances that dissociate H+ ions in water, giving examples like citric acid in citrus fruits and formic acid in ants and bees. Acids have properties like being corrosive and turning litmus paper red. Common acids include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. Alkalis are defined as bases that are soluble in water, with examples like sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Alkalis turn litmus paper blue and have a soapy feel. Indicators are used to determine if a solution is acidic or alkaline, changing color depending on the pH. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Class 7 chapter 5 Acids ,bases and salts ppt 1
This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of natural acids and bases commonly used in daily life. It explains that indicators are substances used to determine if a substance is acidic or basic by changing color when added. Examples of natural indicators discussed include litmus, turmeric, and china rose. Litmus extracted from lichens changes color from mauve to red in acids and blue in bases. Turmeric and soaked china rose petals also change color when added to acids versus bases.
Acids and bases
This document defines acids and bases and provides examples of each. Acids are solutions with excess hydrogen ions and have sour tastes, conduct electricity, and corrode substances. Common acids include vinegar, citric acid in lemons, carbonic acid in sodas, and sulfuric acid. Bases are solutions with excess hydroxide ions, feel slippery, taste bitter, and conduct electricity. Common bases include those in soaps, ammonia, and oven cleaner. Both acids and bases can dissolve in water, conduct electricity in water, and irritate skin. The pH scale measures acidity and basicity from 0-14, with acids below 7 and bases above.
Chapter 7 land supply answer sheet
Land is an important resource for meeting basic human needs like food and shelter. However, the amount of land is limited in each country despite increasing demand, creating a land constraint issue. When available land cannot meet rising demand, land prices increase as some users are willing to pay higher prices for the scarce resource, exacerbating conflicts between different groups over land usage.
High rate of population growth
The document discusses the high rate of population growth in some countries and its consequences. It states that high population growth is caused by low death rates and high birth rates. This results in higher demand for resources like food, water, housing, education, and jobs. It also leads to environmental problems as more waste is produced. Some measures to control population growth mentioned are educating people about family planning through agencies and posters, providing monetary incentives for smaller families and penalties for larger families like in China's one-child policy.
Chapter 2
Raffles founded Singapore in 1819 after obtaining permission from Temenggong Abdul Rahman, the senior minister of Johor-Riau, and installing Tengku Hussein as the new sultan. Raffles established a British trading settlement on the island with a treaty signed by Tengku Hussein. However, this caused conflict as the Dutch saw Singapore as part of the Malay Peninsula under their control, while Raffles considered Singapore his personal colony. The East India Company was also angry at Raffles for establishing the settlement without permission.
Chap 15
The document discusses key concepts about biotic environments and ecosystems. It covers the relationships between organisms like predator-prey and parasitism. An ecosystem consists of communities of interacting living and non-living elements. Energy transfers through ecosystems from producers to various consumer trophic levels and decomposers. Nutrient cycles like carbon and nitrogen are essential to replenish nutrients in an ecosystem. Human activities like pollution, deforestation and overuse can upset the balance of ecosystems, so conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity and natural resources.
Chapter 9
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, and land pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type of pollution. Air pollution is caused by both natural sources like volcanic eruptions and forest fires, as well as human sources such as industries, vehicles, and construction activities. Water pollution occurs when sewage and industrial waste are improperly disposed of in rivers, lakes, and oceans. Land pollution results from improper disposal of waste and excessive use of chemicals on farms.
Recommended
Class 7 chapter 5 Acids ,bases and salts ppt 1
This document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of natural acids and bases commonly used in daily life. It explains that indicators are substances used to determine if a substance is acidic or basic by changing color when added. Examples of natural indicators discussed include litmus, turmeric, and china rose. Litmus extracted from lichens changes color from mauve to red in acids and blue in bases. Turmeric and soaked china rose petals also change color when added to acids versus bases.
Acids and bases
This document defines acids and bases and provides examples of each. Acids are solutions with excess hydrogen ions and have sour tastes, conduct electricity, and corrode substances. Common acids include vinegar, citric acid in lemons, carbonic acid in sodas, and sulfuric acid. Bases are solutions with excess hydroxide ions, feel slippery, taste bitter, and conduct electricity. Common bases include those in soaps, ammonia, and oven cleaner. Both acids and bases can dissolve in water, conduct electricity in water, and irritate skin. The pH scale measures acidity and basicity from 0-14, with acids below 7 and bases above.
Chapter 7 land supply answer sheet
Land is an important resource for meeting basic human needs like food and shelter. However, the amount of land is limited in each country despite increasing demand, creating a land constraint issue. When available land cannot meet rising demand, land prices increase as some users are willing to pay higher prices for the scarce resource, exacerbating conflicts between different groups over land usage.
High rate of population growth
The document discusses the high rate of population growth in some countries and its consequences. It states that high population growth is caused by low death rates and high birth rates. This results in higher demand for resources like food, water, housing, education, and jobs. It also leads to environmental problems as more waste is produced. Some measures to control population growth mentioned are educating people about family planning through agencies and posters, providing monetary incentives for smaller families and penalties for larger families like in China's one-child policy.
Chapter 2
Raffles founded Singapore in 1819 after obtaining permission from Temenggong Abdul Rahman, the senior minister of Johor-Riau, and installing Tengku Hussein as the new sultan. Raffles established a British trading settlement on the island with a treaty signed by Tengku Hussein. However, this caused conflict as the Dutch saw Singapore as part of the Malay Peninsula under their control, while Raffles considered Singapore his personal colony. The East India Company was also angry at Raffles for establishing the settlement without permission.
Chap 15
The document discusses key concepts about biotic environments and ecosystems. It covers the relationships between organisms like predator-prey and parasitism. An ecosystem consists of communities of interacting living and non-living elements. Energy transfers through ecosystems from producers to various consumer trophic levels and decomposers. Nutrient cycles like carbon and nitrogen are essential to replenish nutrients in an ecosystem. Human activities like pollution, deforestation and overuse can upset the balance of ecosystems, so conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity and natural resources.
Chapter 9
The document discusses different types of pollution including air, water, and land pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of each type of pollution. Air pollution is caused by both natural sources like volcanic eruptions and forest fires, as well as human sources such as industries, vehicles, and construction activities. Water pollution occurs when sewage and industrial waste are improperly disposed of in rivers, lakes, and oceans. Land pollution results from improper disposal of waste and excessive use of chemicals on farms.
Chap 13 and 14 compiled
Density decreases when volume increases while mass stays the same. Temperature variations in fluids cause density differences that create convection currents, with cold air sinking and hot air rising, as seen in refrigerators where coils on top allow this. Radiation transfers heat without a medium, with good absorbers also being good emitters while poor absorbers are good reflectors, and greater temperature differences result in more heat radiated per second, as reduced in vacuum flasks where lids prevent convection but also reduce conduction.
Chapter 13
This document discusses different methods of heat transfer. It explains that heat flows from warmer to cooler regions. Conduction involves heat transfer through a medium without the medium moving. Good conductors like metals allow heat to move quickly, while insulators block heat transfer. Convection involves heat transfer through the movement of fluids like liquids and gases. Hot fluids rise and cooler fluids sink, circulating heat through the medium. Conductors and insulators have many applications based on their abilities to transfer or block heat.
Chapter 10
Singapore gained independence from Malaysia in 1965 and faced significant challenges as a new nation with limited resources, including lack of land, natural resources, and a growing population. It had to overcome economic uncertainties from separation from Malaysia and its market, create jobs and improve living conditions for its growing population, replace Britain's military expenditure as they withdrew, and ensure political and social stability to enable economic development.
Chapter 16
The document discusses various renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It describes how solar furnaces use large concave reflectors to focus sunlight to very high temperatures. Biomass energy can come from fast-growing plants like jojoba and jatropha that produce oil and can be used as fuel. The document also lists other renewable sources of energy including waves, tides, water, sun, biomass, and geothermal, as well as non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and uranium.
Chapter 3
This chapter discusses different types of settlements. It defines a settlement as a place where people live and carry out activities. Settlements can be rural or urban, and are classified based on population size, main functions, available amenities, and way of life. Rural settlements typically have smaller populations engaged in activities like farming and fishing, with few amenities. Urban settlements have larger populations involved in manufacturing and business, with more amenities supported by strong infrastructure. Settlements are also classified by their patterns, such as dispersed, linear, or nucleated, which depend on factors like the landscape and transportation routes.
Chapter 7 land supply test
The document discusses land supply and constraint due to rising demand for land. It examines various ways to increase land supply, such as landfill, emboldening, and reclaiming derelict land. Other options covered include high density building, mixed land use, irrigation, terracing, and soil-less farming. The document also addresses the importance of land conservation and provides examples of reclaimed areas in Singapore.
Chapter 12
The document discusses how solids, liquids, and gases expand when heated and contract when cooled. It specifically mentions how expansion can cause problems for roads, bridges, and other structures if not properly accounted for through the use of expansion gaps. It then discusses how the principle of unequal expansion in bimetallic strips is used in applications like thermostats, thermometers, and fire alarms to regulate temperature and detect fires.
Chapter 8 water resources
The document discusses water resources and constraints. It notes that while water covers most of the Earth's surface, only 1% is readily available freshwater. There are limited global freshwater supplies and uneven distribution between regions. Rising population growth and increasing development are driving higher water demand, straining scarce resources further. Countries face water constraints and are responding by increasing supplies through various methods like expanding catchment areas, desalination, water recycling, and international agreements. Conservation efforts are also key to sustainably manage limited water supplies.
Chapter 7
The document summarizes how the local people responded to British rule after World War 2 in Singapore. It discusses the difficult post-war living conditions like poverty, overcrowding and disease that led to widespread strikes in 1947. The Malayan Communist Party took advantage of these conditions to stir anti-British sentiments. The riots in the early 1950s, including the Maria Hertogh riots in 1950 and the anti-National Service riots in 1954, further expressed the growing anti-British feelings among the local population as they faced economic hardship and felt discriminated against under colonial rule. Reforms like the 1948 elections were a first step towards self-governance but did not satisfy the demands of the people.
Population grade 8
Here are the steps to calculate population density for each parish:
1. Divide the population by the area in square kilometers
2. Round the result to 1 decimal place
PARISHES POPULATION AREA(Km2) POPULATION DENSITY
KINGSTON 96,052 22 4,366.0
St. ANDREW 555,828 431 1,289.2
St. CATHERINE 482,308 1,192 404.2
CLARENDON 237,024 1,196 198.1
MANCHESTER 185,801 830 224.0
St. E
Chapter 7 land supply
Land is a scarce resource due to rising population and demand. Countries face land constraints as land supply is fixed while demand increases for housing, agriculture, industry, and transportation. To address this, countries take several responses including increasing land supply through land reclamation, landfill projects, and maximizing existing land use through mixed development projects, high-density buildings, irrigation, and terracing of agricultural land.
Chapter 6
1. In December 1941, Japanese forces invaded Malaya and captured Singapore in less than 70 days, dealing a major blow to British power in the region.
2. The British had underestimated Japanese capabilities and overestimated Singapore's defenses, failing to prevent the rapid Japanese advance down the Malayan peninsula.
3. On February 15, 1942, British Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival surrendered Singapore to the Japanese, marking the worst defeat in British military history. The Japanese then occupied Singapore for over 3 years.
Shifting cultivation
Shifting cultivation involves clearing and burning forest areas for temporary agriculture, leading to deforestation, erosion, desertification, and loss of biodiversity as forests are destroyed. However, it also benefits the environment by recycling nutrients into used land, improving sustainability, and providing organic pest management. The challenges are balancing these adverse impacts with the environmental benefits of the practice.
Acids n bases
The document describes different types of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-). Examples of common acids include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid. Examples of bases are metal oxides and metal hydroxides. The document also discusses the reactions of acids and bases, including metal-acid reactions, and the uses of some common acids and bases.
Acids, Bases and Salts Class - 10th
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Acids, Bases and Salts'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
Acids and bases
This document defines acids and bases and discusses their properties. It states that acids produce hydrogen ions in water and have a pH less than 7, while bases are metal oxides or hydroxides that react with acids to form salts and water. Common acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, while common bases include sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The document also discusses concentration versus strength, noting that concentration can change but strength depends on the inherent properties of the acid or base.
Acid and alkalis
This document discusses acids and alkalis. It defines strong and weak acids and lists some common examples. It explains that acids have properties like sour taste and ability to turn litmus paper red. The document outlines how acids react with metals, carbonates, and alkalis. Common uses of sulfuric, hydrochloric, ethanoic, and nitric acids are provided. Properties and uses of common alkalis like sodium hydroxide are also described. The document introduces the pH scale and how indicators like universal indicator and litmus paper can be used to test the acidity or alkalinity of solutions.
CHAPTER 5.pptx
This document provides an overview of acids, bases, and salts. It discusses common acids and where they are found, the pH scale, acid-base indicators, and properties of acid and base solutions. Metal and non-metal oxides are described as being acidic or basic. Common reactions of acids including with metals, bases/alkalis, and carbonates are outlined. The document also covers uses of acids and bases in everyday life and their role in chemical analysis of salts. Finally, the nature and solubility of salts as well as methods for preparing soluble and insoluble salts are summarized.
Acids and alkalis
Acids are found in fruit juices, vinegar, fizzy drinks, and citrus fruits. They taste sour and can cause acid rain. Alkalis are found in soap, toothpaste, washing powder, and drain cleaner. They have a soapy texture. Indicators like universal indicator and litmus paper can test for acids and alkalis, with litmus turning red in acids and blue in alkalis. Acids react with carbonates and metals, while neutralization occurs when an acid and alkali are combined, forming a salt and water. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity, with acids being below 7 and alkalis above 7 on the scale.
Acids, bases and salts
This document discusses acids, bases, indicators, and salts. It provides information on their properties, examples, uses, and how they are classified. Acids have a sour taste, react with metals and carbonates to produce gases, and turn litmus paper red. Bases have a bitter taste, feel slippery, and turn litmus paper blue. Common indicators, their color changes, and uses are described. Salts are the products of acid-base reactions and have properties like solubility and being hygroscopic.
Acids, bases and salts
The document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of common natural and synthetic indicators and how they change color in acids versus bases. Acids are defined as substances that release hydrogen ions and have sour tastes, while bases release hydroxide ions and feel soapy. Examples are given of strong versus weak acids and how acids and bases react with metals, carbonates, each other, and other substances. Common uses of sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids in industry are also outlined.
Acids and bases
This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. Acids have a sour taste, turn litmus red, and react with metals and carbonates. Bases have a bitter taste, turn litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts and water. The document also discusses pH scale, uses of acids and bases, and how to classify different types of oxides such as acidic, basic, amphoteric, and neutral oxides based on their chemical properties.
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Chap 13 and 14 compiled
Density decreases when volume increases while mass stays the same. Temperature variations in fluids cause density differences that create convection currents, with cold air sinking and hot air rising, as seen in refrigerators where coils on top allow this. Radiation transfers heat without a medium, with good absorbers also being good emitters while poor absorbers are good reflectors, and greater temperature differences result in more heat radiated per second, as reduced in vacuum flasks where lids prevent convection but also reduce conduction.
Chapter 13
This document discusses different methods of heat transfer. It explains that heat flows from warmer to cooler regions. Conduction involves heat transfer through a medium without the medium moving. Good conductors like metals allow heat to move quickly, while insulators block heat transfer. Convection involves heat transfer through the movement of fluids like liquids and gases. Hot fluids rise and cooler fluids sink, circulating heat through the medium. Conductors and insulators have many applications based on their abilities to transfer or block heat.
Chapter 10
Singapore gained independence from Malaysia in 1965 and faced significant challenges as a new nation with limited resources, including lack of land, natural resources, and a growing population. It had to overcome economic uncertainties from separation from Malaysia and its market, create jobs and improve living conditions for its growing population, replace Britain's military expenditure as they withdrew, and ensure political and social stability to enable economic development.
Chapter 16
The document discusses various renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It describes how solar furnaces use large concave reflectors to focus sunlight to very high temperatures. Biomass energy can come from fast-growing plants like jojoba and jatropha that produce oil and can be used as fuel. The document also lists other renewable sources of energy including waves, tides, water, sun, biomass, and geothermal, as well as non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and uranium.
Chapter 3
This chapter discusses different types of settlements. It defines a settlement as a place where people live and carry out activities. Settlements can be rural or urban, and are classified based on population size, main functions, available amenities, and way of life. Rural settlements typically have smaller populations engaged in activities like farming and fishing, with few amenities. Urban settlements have larger populations involved in manufacturing and business, with more amenities supported by strong infrastructure. Settlements are also classified by their patterns, such as dispersed, linear, or nucleated, which depend on factors like the landscape and transportation routes.
Chapter 7 land supply test
The document discusses land supply and constraint due to rising demand for land. It examines various ways to increase land supply, such as landfill, emboldening, and reclaiming derelict land. Other options covered include high density building, mixed land use, irrigation, terracing, and soil-less farming. The document also addresses the importance of land conservation and provides examples of reclaimed areas in Singapore.
Chapter 12
The document discusses how solids, liquids, and gases expand when heated and contract when cooled. It specifically mentions how expansion can cause problems for roads, bridges, and other structures if not properly accounted for through the use of expansion gaps. It then discusses how the principle of unequal expansion in bimetallic strips is used in applications like thermostats, thermometers, and fire alarms to regulate temperature and detect fires.
Chapter 8 water resources
The document discusses water resources and constraints. It notes that while water covers most of the Earth's surface, only 1% is readily available freshwater. There are limited global freshwater supplies and uneven distribution between regions. Rising population growth and increasing development are driving higher water demand, straining scarce resources further. Countries face water constraints and are responding by increasing supplies through various methods like expanding catchment areas, desalination, water recycling, and international agreements. Conservation efforts are also key to sustainably manage limited water supplies.
Chapter 7
The document summarizes how the local people responded to British rule after World War 2 in Singapore. It discusses the difficult post-war living conditions like poverty, overcrowding and disease that led to widespread strikes in 1947. The Malayan Communist Party took advantage of these conditions to stir anti-British sentiments. The riots in the early 1950s, including the Maria Hertogh riots in 1950 and the anti-National Service riots in 1954, further expressed the growing anti-British feelings among the local population as they faced economic hardship and felt discriminated against under colonial rule. Reforms like the 1948 elections were a first step towards self-governance but did not satisfy the demands of the people.
Population grade 8
Here are the steps to calculate population density for each parish:
1. Divide the population by the area in square kilometers
2. Round the result to 1 decimal place
PARISHES POPULATION AREA(Km2) POPULATION DENSITY
KINGSTON 96,052 22 4,366.0
St. ANDREW 555,828 431 1,289.2
St. CATHERINE 482,308 1,192 404.2
CLARENDON 237,024 1,196 198.1
MANCHESTER 185,801 830 224.0
St. E
Chapter 7 land supply
Land is a scarce resource due to rising population and demand. Countries face land constraints as land supply is fixed while demand increases for housing, agriculture, industry, and transportation. To address this, countries take several responses including increasing land supply through land reclamation, landfill projects, and maximizing existing land use through mixed development projects, high-density buildings, irrigation, and terracing of agricultural land.
Chapter 6
1. In December 1941, Japanese forces invaded Malaya and captured Singapore in less than 70 days, dealing a major blow to British power in the region.
2. The British had underestimated Japanese capabilities and overestimated Singapore's defenses, failing to prevent the rapid Japanese advance down the Malayan peninsula.
3. On February 15, 1942, British Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival surrendered Singapore to the Japanese, marking the worst defeat in British military history. The Japanese then occupied Singapore for over 3 years.
Shifting cultivation
Shifting cultivation involves clearing and burning forest areas for temporary agriculture, leading to deforestation, erosion, desertification, and loss of biodiversity as forests are destroyed. However, it also benefits the environment by recycling nutrients into used land, improving sustainability, and providing organic pest management. The challenges are balancing these adverse impacts with the environmental benefits of the practice.
Viewers also liked (13)
Similar to Chapter 8 acids and alkalis
Acids n bases
The document describes different types of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-). Examples of common acids include sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid. Examples of bases are metal oxides and metal hydroxides. The document also discusses the reactions of acids and bases, including metal-acid reactions, and the uses of some common acids and bases.
Acids, Bases and Salts Class - 10th
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Acids, Bases and Salts'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
Acids and bases
This document defines acids and bases and discusses their properties. It states that acids produce hydrogen ions in water and have a pH less than 7, while bases are metal oxides or hydroxides that react with acids to form salts and water. Common acids include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, while common bases include sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The document also discusses concentration versus strength, noting that concentration can change but strength depends on the inherent properties of the acid or base.
Acid and alkalis
This document discusses acids and alkalis. It defines strong and weak acids and lists some common examples. It explains that acids have properties like sour taste and ability to turn litmus paper red. The document outlines how acids react with metals, carbonates, and alkalis. Common uses of sulfuric, hydrochloric, ethanoic, and nitric acids are provided. Properties and uses of common alkalis like sodium hydroxide are also described. The document introduces the pH scale and how indicators like universal indicator and litmus paper can be used to test the acidity or alkalinity of solutions.
CHAPTER 5.pptx
This document provides an overview of acids, bases, and salts. It discusses common acids and where they are found, the pH scale, acid-base indicators, and properties of acid and base solutions. Metal and non-metal oxides are described as being acidic or basic. Common reactions of acids including with metals, bases/alkalis, and carbonates are outlined. The document also covers uses of acids and bases in everyday life and their role in chemical analysis of salts. Finally, the nature and solubility of salts as well as methods for preparing soluble and insoluble salts are summarized.
Acids and alkalis
Acids are found in fruit juices, vinegar, fizzy drinks, and citrus fruits. They taste sour and can cause acid rain. Alkalis are found in soap, toothpaste, washing powder, and drain cleaner. They have a soapy texture. Indicators like universal indicator and litmus paper can test for acids and alkalis, with litmus turning red in acids and blue in alkalis. Acids react with carbonates and metals, while neutralization occurs when an acid and alkali are combined, forming a salt and water. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity, with acids being below 7 and alkalis above 7 on the scale.
Acids, bases and salts
This document discusses acids, bases, indicators, and salts. It provides information on their properties, examples, uses, and how they are classified. Acids have a sour taste, react with metals and carbonates to produce gases, and turn litmus paper red. Bases have a bitter taste, feel slippery, and turn litmus paper blue. Common indicators, their color changes, and uses are described. Salts are the products of acid-base reactions and have properties like solubility and being hygroscopic.
Acids, bases and salts
The document discusses acids, bases, and indicators. It provides examples of common natural and synthetic indicators and how they change color in acids versus bases. Acids are defined as substances that release hydrogen ions and have sour tastes, while bases release hydroxide ions and feel soapy. Examples are given of strong versus weak acids and how acids and bases react with metals, carbonates, each other, and other substances. Common uses of sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids in industry are also outlined.
Acids and bases
This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water, and bases as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. Acids have a sour taste, turn litmus red, and react with metals and carbonates. Bases have a bitter taste, turn litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts and water. The document also discusses pH scale, uses of acids and bases, and how to classify different types of oxides such as acidic, basic, amphoteric, and neutral oxides based on their chemical properties.
Sandeep ppt on acids, bases and salts for vii
This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as sour tasting substances that produce hydrogen ions and turn litmus red. Common acids include those found in vinegar, citrus fruits, and other foods. Bases are defined as bitter tasting and soapy substances that turn litmus blue. Common bases include baking soda, detergents, and antacids. The document also explains how litmus paper can be used as a natural indicator to test whether a substance is acidic or basic by changing color.
Acids, Bases and Neutralization
This document discusses acids and bases. It defines strong and weak acids, and lists common strong acids like hydrochloric acid. It also defines properties of bases like having a pH greater than 7 and neutralizing acids. Common strong bases include sodium hydroxide. The document discusses various uses of acids and bases in areas like manufacturing fertilizers, explosives, soaps, and more. It also explains the process of neutralization when an acid and base react to form salt and water, and gives examples of neutralization in processes like relieving indigestion and treating ant bites.
Lss acids and alkalis
The document describes acids and alkalis. It defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and alkalis as substances that produce hydroxide ions in water. Examples of common acids and alkalis are provided. Key chemical properties of acids and alkalis such as their reactions with metals, carbonates, and each other are outlined. The document also discusses pH, indicators, and some applications of acids and alkalis in daily life.
Chapter 15.1 : Properties of Acids and Bases
This document discusses the properties and nomenclature of acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that increase the hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous solutions, and bases as substances that increase the hydroxide ion concentration. Strong acids fully ionize in water, producing hydronium ions, while weak acids only partially ionize. Common strong acids include sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Common bases, such as sodium hydroxide, fully dissociate in water to produce hydroxide ions. The document also provides examples of uses for several acids in industry and food processing.
Acids and alkalis
This document discusses acids and alkalis. It defines acids as substances that form sour solutions when dissolved in water, such as lemon juice and vinegar. Alkalis form soapy solutions when dissolved in water and are present in many cleaning products. The document explains that acids and alkalis react through a neutralization reaction, forming a salt and water. It describes using indicators like litmus paper to test whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. Applications of neutralization mentioned include treating bee stings, indigestion, factory waste, and acidic soil.
Chemistry acid,base,salt
This document provides an overview of acids, bases, and salts. It defines acids as substances that release H+ ions in aqueous solution and bases as substances that release OH- ions. Salts are formed through the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in ionic compounds composed of cations and anions. Examples of common acids, bases, and salts are provided along with their properties and uses. Key points covered include the pH scale relationship to acidity, indicators being used to test acids and bases, and common salts like sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and their applications.
cls 10 sci chp 2 ppt.pdf
The document discusses acids, bases and salts. It defines acids as substances that have a sour taste and turn litmus paper red, while bases have a bitter taste and soapy texture and turn litmus paper blue. Examples of common acids include citric acid in lemons and lactic acid in curd. The document also covers the reactions of acids and bases, such as acids reacting with metals to produce salts and hydrogen gas. A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and base react and form water and a salt.
Properties of acid
This document discusses the chemical properties of acids. It defines acids as substances that contain hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts. Acids have a pH between 1-6. The key physical properties of acids are that they are sour tasting and can act as natural or artificial indicators by changing color in acidic and basic solutions. Chemically, acids react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas, react with water, and react with bases to produce salts. Common reactions include acids reacting with carbonates and metal oxides to produce salts, water, and carbon dioxide. A quiz is also included to test the understanding of acid properties and reactions.
Ch Acid,Bases and Salts notes - ST. Coaching Centre.docx
The document provides information on acids, bases, indicators and salts. It defines acids as substances with a sour taste that turn litmus red and conduct electricity. Bases are defined as substances with a bitter taste that turn litmus blue and conduct electricity. Common indicators and their properties are described, including litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthalein. Examples of acids, bases and common salts such as sodium chloride, washing soda and baking soda are given along with their chemical formulas, methods of production and uses.
9 acids and alkai ph
This document discusses acids and alkalis and how they can be detected and measured. It explains that Robert Boyle discovered plant juices like red cabbage juice and litmus could detect acids and alkalis through color changes. The juice would turn red in acids and green in alkalis. This led to the development of pH indicators that scientists now use to measure the strength of acids and alkalis on the pH scale, from 0-14, invented by Soren Sorensen. Common indicators and their color changes in acids and alkalis are also described.
Similar to Chapter 8 acids and alkalis (20)
Ch Acid,Bases and Salts notes - ST. Coaching Centre.docx
Ch Acid,Bases and Salts notes - ST. Coaching Centre.docx
More from Wei Qi Ng
Ionic charges table
This document lists common cations and anions found in ionic compounds, including ammonium, hydrogen, silver, copper I and II, zinc, lead II, iron II and III, chromium, hydroxide, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, oxide, sulfate, sulfite, sulfide, phosphate, hydrogen carbonate, and hydrogen sulfate ions.
Ionic bonding
Neon is a noble gas that is used to produce bright signs. Noble gases like neon have a stable electronic configuration with either two electrons (duplet) or eight electrons (octet), making them unreactive. Atoms seek to gain or lose electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration and form ions, becoming electrically neutral.
Ionic bonding & covalent bonding
The document discusses two types of bonding: covalent and ionic. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between non-metal atoms to form molecules. Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and non-metal where the metal transfers electrons to the non-metal to form oppositely charged ions in a giant lattice structure. This ionic lattice structure results in high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces between the ions.
Chapter 5
Atoms are made up of smaller subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons. [1] Protons and neutrons are packed together in the nucleus, while electrons move around the nucleus. [2] The number of protons defines the element and is called the atomic number. [3] Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, making them isotopes that have similar chemical properties but different masses.
Chapter 3
This document discusses the separation of pure substances from mixtures through various techniques. It begins by defining pure substances and mixtures, and explains why it is important to determine purity, especially for medicines, foods, and beverages. Several methods are then described to separate mixtures into their pure components, including filtration, evaporation and crystallization, chromatography, and exploiting differences in physical properties like solubility, density, and magnetism. Chromatography is discussed in depth as a method to separate colored dyes and amino acids. The key points are that purity can be determined by measuring fixed melting/boiling points, and various laboratory techniques exist to separate components of mixtures into pure forms.
Chapter 2
The document discusses several methods for measuring important quantities in scientific experiments including time, temperature, mass, volume, and gas volume. It describes the standard International System of Units (SI units) and common lab tools used to measure each quantity, including stopwatches for time, mercury thermometers and temperature sensors for temperature, beam balances and electronic balances for mass, measuring cylinders and burettes for volume, and gas syringes for measuring gas volumes. Accuracy levels and appropriate tools depend on the specific measurement needs in each experiment.
Chapter 7
This document discusses covalent bonding and the properties of covalent substances. It explains that non-metals share valence electrons to form covalent bonds between atoms, creating molecules. Molecules can be made of identical atoms or different atom types. Covalent substances exist as either simple molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces, or giant molecular structures with strong intramolecular bonds. Properties like volatility, solubility, and conductivity depend on molecular structure. Examples like diamond and graphite are given to illustrate giant molecular and layered structures. The document also briefly introduces metallic bonding between positive metal ions and delocalized electrons.
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test )
Everything is made up of matter, which can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states. The kinetic particle theory explains the behavior of these different states in terms of the motion and arrangement of their tiny particles. Changes in temperature and pressure can cause matter to change states through processes like evaporation, condensation, and sublimation as particles gain or lose kinetic energy. Diffusion is the process by which particles spread out and fill available space, moving from areas of higher to lower concentration, with rate of diffusion increasing at higher temperatures as particles move faster.
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test ) part 2
Evaporation occurs when liquid particles near the surface gain enough energy to escape into a gas, while boiling only occurs at or above the boiling point of the liquid. Evaporation is a slower process that only occurs at the surface, while boiling happens rapidly throughout the entire liquid. Condensation is the reverse process where a gas turns back into a liquid upon cooling. Sublimation bypasses the liquid state as some solids turn directly into gases upon heating. Diffusion is the process where gas or liquid particles spread out and mix due to their movement from areas of higher to lower concentration. Heavier particles diffuse slower than lighter ones, and increasing temperature also increases the rate of diffusion.
Principles of governance
The document outlines five principles of governance in Singapore:
1. Leadership is key - Leaders are carefully selected based on their talent, ability, and character to make sound policies and maintain stability.
2. Anticipate change and stay relevant - The government prepares for future challenges like ensuring water security through NEWater and growing tourism through integrated resorts.
3. Reward work and work for reward - People are motivated to contribute through merit-based rewards and sharing economic surplus.
4. A stake for everyone, opportunities for all - More opportunities are created for public participation in decision-making like on building casinos.
5. Principles help policy decisions balance needs of people and nation over time
More from Wei Qi Ng (11)
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test )
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test )
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test ) part 2
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test ) part 2
Chapter 8 acids and alkalis
- 1. Acids & Alkalis - Acids like hydrochloric acid , sulfuric acid , nitric acid in school lab – colorless , not pure, substance diluted in water to form solution - Acids are substances that dissociate H+ ions or hydrogen ions when in water, as the only positive ion. - Fermented milk products like yoghurt : lactic acid - Ants and Bees : formic acid in their sting - Citrus fruits like orange , lemons and limes : citric acid - Acid properties Corrosive Can burn clothes or skin Sour Turn blue litmus paper red React with some metals to give off hydrogen gas Dilute acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen React with carbonates to give off carbon dioxide gas Limewater to test Dilute acid + Carbonate -> Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water - Hydrochloric acid : remove rust on iron and steel - Sulfuric acid : used in car batteries - Nitric acid : manufacture fertilizers - Alkalis belong to large class of chemicals called bases. - Alkali is base that is soluble in water. Eg. Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide are alkalis that dissolve in water to form solutions. - Alkali property Corrosive Bitter Soapy feel Turn red litmus paper blue - Ammonia solution : make fertilizers - Sodium Hydroxide ( caustic soda ) : make soaps and detergents - Calcium Hydroxide ( Slaked lime / lime water ) : reduce acidity of soil for agriculture - Neutralization is mixing an acid and an alkali together. - Acid + Alkali -> Salt + Water - Face cleansers are alkaline and cause skin to be dry. Toner neutralize acidity to restore skin to normal level of acidity. - Shampoos contain mild alkali and cause strand of hair to become tangled easily. Hair conditioners contain mild acid to neutralize alkali and make hair smoother and easier to manage. - After eating, food remains on teeth and can decay and produce acid to cause tooth decay. Toothpaste is alkaline help teeth neutralize the acid.
- 2. - Indicators can tell whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. - Indicator is a substance which changes colour depending on whether the solution tested is acidic or alkaline - Common indicators – universal indicator , red and blue litmus, methyl orange, phenolphthalein - Usually exist as solution but also as indicator papers which are papers soaked in the solutions of indicators - Indicator normally from natural source - PH scale is scale of colours or number - Range of values from 0 to 14. 0 is high acidity, 14 is high alkalinity. 7 is neutral. - PH papers change colour when dipped in solution and after compare colour with colour chart can know PH. They are simple to use and portable. - PH meter is electronic device to measure effectively by inserting electrode into solution and reading will be displayed. Very costly and delicate equipment but accurate measurements. - Universal Indicator : Acid in car battery ( 1-2 ) Lemon juice ( 2-4 ) Pure water ( 7 ) Soap ( 8-10 ) Detergent ( 12-14)