Raffles founded Singapore in 1819 after obtaining permission from Temenggong Abdul Rahman, the senior minister of Johor-Riau, and installing Tengku Hussein as the new sultan. Raffles established a British trading settlement on the island with a treaty signed by Tengku Hussein. However, this caused conflict as the Dutch saw Singapore as part of the Malay Peninsula under their control, while Raffles considered Singapore his personal colony. The East India Company was also angry at Raffles for establishing the settlement without permission.