In Latin, verbs have personal endings like nouns that indicate things like person and number. There are three ways to translate present tense verbs: by using the personal ending, by using the present stem which is formed by removing "-re" from the second principal part, or by using both. Common verbs like "sum" to be and "video" to see are conjugated using these methods to express things like "I see", "you tell", and "they walk".

1. In Latin, Verbs have endings just like nouns. They are called personal endings and each ending actually means something . . . . Chapter 3 - Verbs

2. Personal Endings nt - they o - I s - you t– he, she, it mus - we tis – you (pl)

3. How do you translate present tense verbs? There are THREE ways! e.g. (exempli gratia – for example) Narro – the ‘o’ on the end means “I” It can be translated- I tell , I am telling . . . or I do tell

4. To get the present stem, take the –re off the second principal part: narra - narro, narrāre, narrāvi, narrātus Narro – I tell . Narrās – you tell Narrāt – he, she, it tells First Conjugation Narrāmus – we tell Narrātis – You guys tell Narrānt – they tell

5. To get the present stem, take the –re off the second principal part: vidē - video, vidēre, vidi, visus video – I see vidēs – you see vidēt – he, she, it sees Second Conjugation vidēmus – we see vidētis – You guys see vidēnt – they see

6. So, let’s translate some verbs . . . ambulānt They walk They are walking They do walk vidēs You see You are seeing You do see The Tiber River, the river that Runs through Rome.

7. To be - sum, esse, fui, futurus sum – I am One common verb is irregular and needs to be memorized. It is the verb . . .. sumus – we are estis – you are es - you are sunt - they are est – he, she, it is