The document discusses organizational culture and the external environment as constraints on managers. It defines organizational culture as shared meanings and beliefs that influence member behavior. Culture is shaped by founders, history and leadership. A strong culture improves commitment and performance but also constrains managers' actions. The external environment, including stakeholders, competitors and regulations, also impacts managers through environmental uncertainty. Managing external relationships is important for organizational performance.

1. Organizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints Chapter 3

7. Exhibit 3–1 Parameters of Managerial Discretion

9. Exhibit 3–2 Dimensions of Organizational Culture

10. Exhibit 3–3 Contrasting Organizational Cultures High Low Innovation and Risk Taking Low High Stability High Low Aggressiveness High Low Team Orientation High Low People Orientation High Low Outcome Orientation Low High Attention to Detail Organization B Organization A Dimension

14. Exhibit 3–4 Strong versus Weak Organizational Cultures

17. Exhibit 3–5 How an Organization’s Culture Is Established and Maintained

27. Exhibit 3–9 The External Environment

30. Exhibit 3–11 Environmental Uncertainty Matrix

33. Exhibit 3–12 Organizational Stakeholders