The Parthenon, Athens.
Werner Forman Archive. [Fig. 3-1]
Ancient Greece.
[Map 3.1]
Bull-leaping in ancient Crete, fresco from the royal palace at Knossos, Crete. c. 1500
BCE. The Art Archive/Heraklion Museum/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-2]
Snake Goddess, from the royal palace at Knossos, Crete. c. 1600 BCE.
Faience. Height 11" (30 cm).
The Art Archive/Heraklion Museum/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-3]
"Mask of Agamemnon," from a grave in Mycenae. c. 1500 BCE.
Beaten gold. Height 10-1∕8" (26 cm).
National Archaeological Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy, Athens. [Fig.
3-4]
Fighting over the body of Patroclus, scene from a black-figure vase. c. 530 BCE.
National Archaeological Museum, Athens/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-5]
Citharode and listeners, from a vase painting by the Attic master Andokides. c. 530 BCE.
Louvre, Paris. Reunion des Musees Nationaux. [Fig. 3-6]
Funerary krater from the Dipylon Cemetery, Athens. c. 750–700 BCE.
Attributed to the Hirschfeld Workshop.
Ceramic. Height 42-5∕8".
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York/Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-7]
Euphronios. The Death of Sarpedon. c. 515 BCE.
Red-figure calyx-krater, terracotta. Height 18" (46 cm), diameter 21-3∕4" (55 cm).
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photograph © 1999. [Fig. 3-8]
Kouros from Attica. c. 590 BCE.
Marble. Height 6' 4-3∕4" (1.94 m).
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photograph © 1997. [Fig. 3-9]
Koré from Chios. c. 520 BCE.
Marble. Height 22" (56 cm).
Acropolis Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy. [Fig. 3-10]
Calf Bearer (Moschophoros). c. 570 BCE.
Marble. Height 5' 5" (1.65 m).
Acropolis Museum, Athens. BAL. [Fig. 3-11]
Kritios Boy. c. 490 BCE.
Marble. Height 34" (86 cm).
Acropolis Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy. [Fig. 3-12]
Grave stele of Hegeso. c. 410–400 BCE.
Marble. Height 4' 11" (1.5 m).
National Archaeological Museum, Athens/SCALA. [Fig. 3-13]
Model reconstruction of the Athenian acropolis. [Fig. 3-14]
Ictinus and Callicrates, the Parthenon, Athens. 447– 432 BCE.
Pentelic marble. Length 228 × 104' (69.5 × 31.7 m), height of columns 34' (10.36 m).
Exterior and sectional view (reconstruction). Drawing with watercolor by Peter Connolly.
akg-images. [Fig. 3-15]
The Greek orders. [Fig. 3-16]
Plan of the Parthenon. [Fig. 3-17]
Mnesicles, Erechtheum (from west), Athens. c. 421– 409 BCE.
Marble. Length of temple 37' (11.3 m), width 66' (20.1 m). © M. Timothy
O'Keefe/Alamy. [Fig. 3-18]
Caryatid (south) porch, Erechtheum. c. 421–409 BCE.
© Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis. [Fig. 3-19]
Lapith and Centaur, metope from the Parthenon’s outer frieze (south face). c. 448–442 BCE.
Marble. 3' 11" × 4' 2" (1.19 × 1.27 m).
British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-20]
Three Goddesses, from the Parthenon’s east pediment. c. 438–432 BCE.
Marble. More than life-size.
British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-21]
Athenian Horsemen, from the Parthenon’s inner frieze (west face). c. 442–432 BCE.
Marble. Height of panel 3' 7" (1.07 m).
British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-22]
Zeus of Artemision (also called Poseidon). Mid-5th century BCE.
Bronze. Height 6' 10" (2 m).
National Museum, Athens. The Bridgeman Art Library. [Fig. 3-23]
Praxiteles. Aphrodite of Cnidos. Roman copy after original of c. 350–340 BCE.
Marble. Height 6' 8" (2.03 m).
Vatican Museums, Rome. Monumenti Musei e Gallerie Pontificie SCALA. [Fig. 3-24]
Praxiteles. Hermes and the Infant Dionysus. c. 340 BCE.
Marble copy of original. Height 7' 1" (2.16 m).
Archaeological Museum, Olympia. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-25]
Theater at Epidaurus, Greece. c. 350 BCE.
Diameter 373' (114 m), orchestra 66' (20 m). Craig & Marie Mauzy.
[Fig. 3-26]
The dramatic poet Menander holding a mask. Roman copy of a late Hellenistic original.
Museo Gregoriano Profano, Vatican Museum, Vatican State. Werner Forman Archive.
[Fig. 3-27]
Contest of Apollo and Marsyas. Relief from Mantineia, Greece. c. 350 BCE.
National Museum, Athens. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-28]
Alexander at the Battle of Issus, from the House of the Faun, Pompeii. 2nd
century BCE.
Copy after original painting of c. 320– 311 BCE.
Mosaic. 8' 10" × 16' 9" (2.69 × 5.11 m).
Museo Nazionale, Naples. Fotografica Foglia. [Fig. 3-29]
Acropolis at Pergamon. c. 150 BCE.
Reconstruction model.
Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. © 2005, Photo Scala, Florence/BPK,
Bildagentur für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, Berlin. [Fig. 3-30]
Dying Gaul, Roman copy after bronze original. c. 225 BCE.
Marble. Height 35-1∕2" (91 cm), length 6' 3" (1.91 m).
Museo Capitolino, Rome. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-31]
Agesander, Athenodorus, and Polydorus of Rhodes. Laocoön and his Two Sons. c. 150 BCE.
Marble. Height 8 ' (2.44 m).
Vatican Museums, Rome. Photo Scala, Florence - courtesy of the Ministero Beni e Att.
Culturali. [Fig. 3-32]

Chapter 3 - Humanities

  • 1.
    The Parthenon, Athens. WernerForman Archive. [Fig. 3-1]
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Bull-leaping in ancientCrete, fresco from the royal palace at Knossos, Crete. c. 1500 BCE. The Art Archive/Heraklion Museum/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-2]
  • 4.
    Snake Goddess, fromthe royal palace at Knossos, Crete. c. 1600 BCE. Faience. Height 11" (30 cm). The Art Archive/Heraklion Museum/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-3]
  • 5.
    "Mask of Agamemnon,"from a grave in Mycenae. c. 1500 BCE. Beaten gold. Height 10-1∕8" (26 cm). National Archaeological Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy, Athens. [Fig. 3-4]
  • 6.
    Fighting over thebody of Patroclus, scene from a black-figure vase. c. 530 BCE. National Archaeological Museum, Athens/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-5]
  • 7.
    Citharode and listeners,from a vase painting by the Attic master Andokides. c. 530 BCE. Louvre, Paris. Reunion des Musees Nationaux. [Fig. 3-6]
  • 8.
    Funerary krater fromthe Dipylon Cemetery, Athens. c. 750–700 BCE. Attributed to the Hirschfeld Workshop. Ceramic. Height 42-5∕8". Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York/Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-7]
  • 9.
    Euphronios. The Deathof Sarpedon. c. 515 BCE. Red-figure calyx-krater, terracotta. Height 18" (46 cm), diameter 21-3∕4" (55 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photograph © 1999. [Fig. 3-8]
  • 10.
    Kouros from Attica.c. 590 BCE. Marble. Height 6' 4-3∕4" (1.94 m). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photograph © 1997. [Fig. 3-9]
  • 11.
    Koré from Chios.c. 520 BCE. Marble. Height 22" (56 cm). Acropolis Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy. [Fig. 3-10]
  • 12.
    Calf Bearer (Moschophoros).c. 570 BCE. Marble. Height 5' 5" (1.65 m). Acropolis Museum, Athens. BAL. [Fig. 3-11]
  • 13.
    Kritios Boy. c.490 BCE. Marble. Height 34" (86 cm). Acropolis Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy. [Fig. 3-12]
  • 14.
    Grave stele ofHegeso. c. 410–400 BCE. Marble. Height 4' 11" (1.5 m). National Archaeological Museum, Athens/SCALA. [Fig. 3-13]
  • 15.
    Model reconstruction ofthe Athenian acropolis. [Fig. 3-14]
  • 16.
    Ictinus and Callicrates,the Parthenon, Athens. 447– 432 BCE. Pentelic marble. Length 228 × 104' (69.5 × 31.7 m), height of columns 34' (10.36 m). Exterior and sectional view (reconstruction). Drawing with watercolor by Peter Connolly. akg-images. [Fig. 3-15]
  • 17.
    The Greek orders.[Fig. 3-16]
  • 18.
    Plan of theParthenon. [Fig. 3-17]
  • 19.
    Mnesicles, Erechtheum (fromwest), Athens. c. 421– 409 BCE. Marble. Length of temple 37' (11.3 m), width 66' (20.1 m). © M. Timothy O'Keefe/Alamy. [Fig. 3-18]
  • 20.
    Caryatid (south) porch,Erechtheum. c. 421–409 BCE. © Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis. [Fig. 3-19]
  • 21.
    Lapith and Centaur,metope from the Parthenon’s outer frieze (south face). c. 448–442 BCE. Marble. 3' 11" × 4' 2" (1.19 × 1.27 m). British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-20]
  • 22.
    Three Goddesses, fromthe Parthenon’s east pediment. c. 438–432 BCE. Marble. More than life-size. British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-21]
  • 23.
    Athenian Horsemen, fromthe Parthenon’s inner frieze (west face). c. 442–432 BCE. Marble. Height of panel 3' 7" (1.07 m). British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-22]
  • 24.
    Zeus of Artemision(also called Poseidon). Mid-5th century BCE. Bronze. Height 6' 10" (2 m). National Museum, Athens. The Bridgeman Art Library. [Fig. 3-23]
  • 25.
    Praxiteles. Aphrodite ofCnidos. Roman copy after original of c. 350–340 BCE. Marble. Height 6' 8" (2.03 m). Vatican Museums, Rome. Monumenti Musei e Gallerie Pontificie SCALA. [Fig. 3-24]
  • 26.
    Praxiteles. Hermes andthe Infant Dionysus. c. 340 BCE. Marble copy of original. Height 7' 1" (2.16 m). Archaeological Museum, Olympia. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-25]
  • 27.
    Theater at Epidaurus,Greece. c. 350 BCE. Diameter 373' (114 m), orchestra 66' (20 m). Craig & Marie Mauzy. [Fig. 3-26]
  • 28.
    The dramatic poetMenander holding a mask. Roman copy of a late Hellenistic original. Museo Gregoriano Profano, Vatican Museum, Vatican State. Werner Forman Archive. [Fig. 3-27]
  • 29.
    Contest of Apolloand Marsyas. Relief from Mantineia, Greece. c. 350 BCE. National Museum, Athens. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-28]
  • 30.
    Alexander at theBattle of Issus, from the House of the Faun, Pompeii. 2nd century BCE. Copy after original painting of c. 320– 311 BCE. Mosaic. 8' 10" × 16' 9" (2.69 × 5.11 m). Museo Nazionale, Naples. Fotografica Foglia. [Fig. 3-29]
  • 31.
    Acropolis at Pergamon.c. 150 BCE. Reconstruction model. Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. © 2005, Photo Scala, Florence/BPK, Bildagentur für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, Berlin. [Fig. 3-30]
  • 32.
    Dying Gaul, Romancopy after bronze original. c. 225 BCE. Marble. Height 35-1∕2" (91 cm), length 6' 3" (1.91 m). Museo Capitolino, Rome. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-31]
  • 33.
    Agesander, Athenodorus, andPolydorus of Rhodes. Laocoön and his Two Sons. c. 150 BCE. Marble. Height 8 ' (2.44 m). Vatican Museums, Rome. Photo Scala, Florence - courtesy of the Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali. [Fig. 3-32]

Editor's Notes

  • #2 The Parthenon, Athens.Werner Forman Archive. [Fig. 3-1]
  • #3 Ancient Greece.[Map 3.1]
  • #4 Bull-leaping in ancient Crete, fresco from the royal palace at Knossos, Crete. c. 1500 BCE. The Art Archive/Heraklion Museum/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-2]
  • #5 Snake Goddess, from the royal palace at Knossos, Crete. c. 1600 BCE. Faience. Height 11" (30 cm). The Art Archive/Heraklion Museum/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-3]
  • #6 "Mask of Agamemnon," from a grave in Mycenae. c. 1500 BCE.Beaten gold. Height 10-1∕8" (26 cm).National Archaeological Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy, Athens. [Fig. 3-4]
  • #7 Fighting over the body of Patroclus, scene from a black-figure vase. c. 530 BCE.National Archaeological Museum, Athens/Gianni Dagli Orti. [Fig. 3-5]
  • #8 Citharode and listeners, from a vase painting by the Attic master Andokides. c. 530 BCE. Louvre, Paris. Reunion des Musees Nationaux. [Fig. 3-6]
  • #9 Funerary krater from the Dipylon Cemetery, Athens. c. 750–700 BCE.Attributed to the Hirschfeld Workshop.Ceramic. Height 42-5∕8".Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York/Art Resource/Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-7]
  • #10 Euphronios. The Death of Sarpedon. c. 515 BCE.Red-figure calyx-krater, terracotta. Height 18" (46 cm), diameter 21-3∕4" (55 cm).The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photograph © 1999. [Fig. 3-8]
  • #11 Kouros from Attica. c. 590 BCE.Marble. Height 6' 4-3∕4" (1.94 m).The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Photograph © 1997. [Fig. 3-9]
  • #12 Koré from Chios. c. 520 BCE.Marble. Height 22" (56 cm).Acropolis Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy. [Fig. 3-10]
  • #13 Calf Bearer (Moschophoros). c. 570 BCE.Marble. Height 5' 5" (1.65 m).Acropolis Museum, Athens. BAL. [Fig. 3-11]
  • #14 Kritios Boy. c. 490 BCE.Marble. Height 34" (86 cm).Acropolis Museum, Athens. © 2000 Craig and Marie Mauzy. [Fig. 3-12]
  • #15 Grave stele of Hegeso. c. 410–400 BCE.Marble. Height 4' 11" (1.5 m).National Archaeological Museum, Athens/SCALA. [Fig. 3-13]
  • #16 Model reconstruction of the Athenian acropolis. [Fig. 3-14]
  • #17 Ictinus and Callicrates, the Parthenon, Athens. 447– 432 BCE.Pentelic marble. Length 228 × 104' (69.5 × 31.7 m), height of columns 34' (10.36 m). Exterior and sectional view (reconstruction). Drawing with watercolor by Peter Connolly. akg-images. [Fig. 3-15]
  • #18 The Greek orders. [Fig. 3-16]
  • #19 Plan of the Parthenon. [Fig. 3-17]
  • #20 Mnesicles, Erechtheum (from west), Athens. c. 421– 409 BCE.Marble. Length of temple 37' (11.3 m), width 66' (20.1 m). © M. Timothy O'Keefe/Alamy. [Fig. 3-18]
  • #21 Caryatid (south) porch, Erechtheum. c. 421–409 BCE. © Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis. [Fig. 3-19]
  • #22 Lapith and Centaur, metope from the Parthenon’s outer frieze (south face). c. 448–442 BCE.Marble. 3' 11" × 4' 2" (1.19 × 1.27 m).British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-20]
  • #23 Three Goddesses, from the Parthenon’s east pediment. c. 438–432 BCE.Marble. More than life-size.British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-21]
  • #24 Athenian Horsemen, from the Parthenon’s inner frieze (west face). c. 442–432 BCE.Marble. Height of panel 3' 7" (1.07 m).British Museum, London. ©The Trustees of the British Museum. [Fig. 3-22]
  • #25 Zeus of Artemision (also called Poseidon). Mid-5th century BCE.Bronze. Height 6' 10" (2 m).National Museum, Athens. The Bridgeman Art Library. [Fig. 3-23]
  • #26 Praxiteles. Aphrodite of Cnidos. Roman copy after original of c. 350–340 BCE.Marble. Height 6' 8" (2.03 m).Vatican Museums, Rome. Monumenti Musei e Gallerie Pontificie SCALA. [Fig. 3-24]
  • #27 Praxiteles. Hermes and the Infant Dionysus. c. 340 BCE.Marble copy of original. Height 7' 1" (2.16 m).Archaeological Museum, Olympia. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-25]
  • #28 Theater at Epidaurus, Greece. c. 350 BCE.Diameter 373' (114 m), orchestra 66' (20 m). Craig & Marie Mauzy.[Fig. 3-26]
  • #29 The dramatic poet Menander holding a mask. Roman copy of a late Hellenistic original.Museo Gregoriano Profano, Vatican Museum, Vatican State. Werner Forman Archive.[Fig. 3-27]
  • #30 Contest of Apollo and Marsyas. Relief from Mantineia, Greece. c. 350 BCE. National Museum, Athens. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-28]
  • #31 Alexander at the Battle of Issus, from the House of the Faun, Pompeii. 2nd century BCE. Copy after original painting of c. 320– 311 BCE.Mosaic. 8' 10" × 16' 9" (2.69 × 5.11 m).Museo Nazionale, Naples. Fotografica Foglia. [Fig. 3-29]
  • #32 Acropolis at Pergamon. c. 150 BCE.Reconstruction model.Antikensammlung, Staatliche Museen, Berlin. © 2005, Photo Scala, Florence/BPK, Bildagentur für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, Berlin. [Fig. 3-30]
  • #33 Dying Gaul, Roman copy after bronze original. c. 225 BCE.Marble. Height 35-1∕2" (91 cm), length 6' 3" (1.91 m).Museo Capitolino, Rome. Scala, Florence. [Fig. 3-31]
  • #34 Agesander, Athenodorus, and Polydorus of Rhodes. Laocoön and his Two Sons. c. 150 BCE.Marble. Height 8 ' (2.44 m).Vatican Museums, Rome. Photo Scala, Florence - courtesy of the Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali. [Fig. 3-32]