This document provides an overview of computer hardware and peripherals. It discusses the history of computing from early pioneers like Pascal and Babbage to modern developments like integrated circuits. It describes different types of computer systems from microcomputers to supercomputers. It also covers various input technologies like mice, touchscreens, and biometric scanners. Output technologies like printers and displays are examined. Finally, it discusses storage options and tradeoffs between technologies like semiconductor memory, magnetic disks, optical disks, and magnetic tape.

1. Chapter 3
Computer Hardware

2. Brief History about Computing
• Blaise Pascal
• Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
• Joseph Jacquard
• Charles Babbage
• Herman Hollerith
• Vacuum tube
• ENIAC
• UNIVAC
• Transistor –late 1950s
• Integrated Circuit – 1958, Jack Kilby

3. Types of Computer Systems
• Micro computers
– Computer terminals, network terminals, Information
appliances
• Midrange systems
– High-end servers, network servers, webservers
• Mainframe systems
– Data-mining, seismic data, flight simulation, superservers
for client/server networks
– Supercomputer – science, engineering, business
applications, government research agencies, large
universities, military defense, computational cosmology
• Distributed or Grid Computing

4. Computer Peripherals
• “The right peripherals can make all the
difference in your computing experience”
• Human-Computer Interface and its business
application
• Peripherals are all the input, output and
secondary storage devices that are part of
computer system
– And are directly or indirectly connected to the
CPU
– Online devices

5. Computer Peripherals
Input Technologies
• Devices used for entering data and commands
directly and easily into the CPU
• No need to manually write down data on a
physical or paper source
• Natural User Interface
– Advanced input devices like handwriting
recognition devices, voice recognition
technologies have enabled Natural User Interface

6. Computer Peripherals
Input Technologies
• Pointing devices makes better use of GUI
– Mouse
– Trackball
– Touchpad
– Pointing stick/Track point
– Touchscreen
• Pen-Based Computing
– Systems can use pen written script to convert
them to text quickly
– Stylus can be used over the screen or a touchpad
– Digital Signatures by Fedex

7. Computer Peripherals
Input Technologies
• Speech Recognition Systems
– Non-typist, people with disabilities and business
travelers make frequent use of it
– Used to input data in natural way
– Used for giving command or navigating the system
– Voice response to hear voice messages or type
texts while driving

8. Computer Peripherals
Input Technologies
• Optical Scanning
– Devices read text or graphics and convert them
into digital format and digital input
– Document Management – desktop scanner
– Optical Character Recognition
• Optical scanning technology that reads code and
characters on merchandize tags (UPC), product
labels, credit card receipts, airline tickets
– Used in receiving the purchases to update
Inventory management system
• Wireless handheld scanners

9. Computer Peripherals
Input Technologies
• Optical Scanning
– Scans checks and deposit anywhere
• Biometric thumb scanner to make payments
• Other input technologies
– Magnetic strip
– Smart Card
– Digital camera
– MICR

10. Computer Peripherals
Output Technologies
• Video Output
– High quality vs low quality
– Ergonomic built
• Printed output
– Sales invoices, payroll checks, bank statements
– Thermal printers for KOT orders, management
of queue
– Laser printer, multi-function printers

11. Computer Peripherals
Storage Trade-Offs
• Cost-Speed-Capacity Trade-offs
• Primary and secondary storage media
– Semiconductors memories
– SSDs
– Magnetic disks
– Optical disks
– Magnetic tape
• Direct Access Vs.
• Sequential Access
Semiconductor
Memory
Magnetic Disks
Optical Disks
Magnetic Tape
PrimaryStorage
SecondaryStorage

12. Computer Peripherals
Semiconductor Memory
• RAM vs. ROM
• RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks)
• SAN (Storage Area Network)
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
• A system for tagging and identifying mobile objects
• Efficient and Faster SCM
• Item Level Inventory Tracking
• Access Control
• Laundry Management
• Interactive Grocery Shopping With RFID
• RFID enabled parking system
• RFID issues