1. Cities in the Middle East can be categorized as religious centers, political centers, or social centers, with each fulfilling an important role. 2. As dynasties change, capital cities were often moved to new locations by new rulers separating themselves from previous regimes. 3. Social centers like cities provided more opportunities such as schools, healthcare, jobs, culture and entertainment compared to rural villages. 4. Jerusalem is a unique religious city housing important sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.