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The document summarizes several African empires that existed in medieval times, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It notes that Ethiopia was the first to introduce Christianity through Frumentius and had to defend itself from Muslim invaders. Ghana prospered through salt and gold trade, converting to Islam. Mali's King Sunjata set up a large empire after defeating rival rulers, also converting to Islam, while Mansa Musa of Mali made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca. Songhai was founded by Sunni Ali but later collapsed when confronted with Moroccan forces equipped with firearms. West Africa saw development of agriculture, iron production, and gold trade, with camel caravans
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Ch. 3 Sec. 2 Early African
This document provides information about several African empires that existed between the 8th and 16th centuries, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It notes that Ethiopia introduced Christianity in the 4th century and had to defend itself from Muslim invaders. The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai prospered from the trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt and many converted to Islam. Mali's King Musa made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca giving away so much gold it destabilized certain economies. Camels were essential to the caravan trade as they could store fat and water and withstand the desert conditions.
Ch 3 sec 3
Trade routes developed along East Africa, leading to cities forming to protect exchanges and a new trade language called Swahili mixing elements of different tongues. Zimbabwe prospered through cattle, gold, slaves and ivory exports until around 1450 when its famous stone Great Enclosure structure was abandoned.
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Ch 11 sec 3
The Safavid Empire was founded in the 16th century by Shah Ismail I in the region between the Ottoman Empire and India. It became an important Islamic empire along the trade route until its power declined due to a lack of strong leadership succession. Key events included Ismail I establishing the empire and converting the region to Shi'a Islam, military losses to the Ottomans causing Ismail to withdraw, and the ruler Abbas reconquering lost lands and developing architecture during the empire's height of power before it eventually weakened without capable heirs to lead.
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2. Trade played a key role in the empire's wealth and expansion. Gold, salt, and cowrie shells were major commodities exchanged along trans-Saharan trade routes. The empire's dominance declined in the 15th century due to attacks from the Songhai and Portuguese.
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West African Kingdoms
1. West African Kingdoms from 400-1600 AD included Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.
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Ch. 3 Sec. 2 Early African
This document provides information about several African empires that existed between the 8th and 16th centuries, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It notes that Ethiopia introduced Christianity in the 4th century and had to defend itself from Muslim invaders. The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai prospered from the trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt and many converted to Islam. Mali's King Musa made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca giving away so much gold it destabilized certain economies. Camels were essential to the caravan trade as they could store fat and water and withstand the desert conditions.
Ch 3 sec 3
Trade routes developed along East Africa, leading to cities forming to protect exchanges and a new trade language called Swahili mixing elements of different tongues. Zimbabwe prospered through cattle, gold, slaves and ivory exports until around 1450 when its famous stone Great Enclosure structure was abandoned.
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Ch 11 sec 3
The Safavid Empire was founded in the 16th century by Shah Ismail I in the region between the Ottoman Empire and India. It became an important Islamic empire along the trade route until its power declined due to a lack of strong leadership succession. Key events included Ismail I establishing the empire and converting the region to Shi'a Islam, military losses to the Ottomans causing Ismail to withdraw, and the ruler Abbas reconquering lost lands and developing architecture during the empire's height of power before it eventually weakened without capable heirs to lead.
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2. Trade played a key role in the empire's wealth and expansion. Gold, salt, and cowrie shells were major commodities exchanged along trans-Saharan trade routes. The empire's dominance declined in the 15th century due to attacks from the Songhai and Portuguese.
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Ch 3 Sec 2 "African Empires"
The document summarizes several major African empires that arose between Ethiopia in the east and West Africa in the west, including the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa. It notes that Ghana prospered from trans-Saharan trade routes and converted to Islam, while Mali was established by Sunjata and also converted to Islam, and its ruler Mansa Musa gained fame for his pilgrimage to Mecca. It also describes how West African societies developed iron production and camel caravans to facilitate trade networks in gold and other goods, and how Muslim traders helped spread Islam and Arabic script to the region.
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The document summarizes the origin story of Sundiata Keita, the founder of the Mali Empire. It describes how Sundiata was born with disabilities but overcame them to fulfill a prophecy that he would become a great king. It tells of his exile and journey to adulthood, returning to defeat the sorcerer king Soumaoro Kante and establish the Mali Empire.
Sundiata
Sundiata united the Mandinka people of West Africa to form the Mali Empire in the 13th century. He established the empire's capital and supported religion, taking the name Mansa. Sundiata focused on making Mali wealthy through safe travel and trade as well as selling crops.
Sundiata
- A hunter visited King Maghan of Mali and prophesied that the king's son by a woman named Sogolon would become the greatest king ever, so King Maghan married Sogolon. She gave birth to Sundiata, but he could not walk as a boy.
- When King Maghan died, his first wife Sassouma's son Dankaran became king instead of Sundiata. Sundiata and his mother were exiled. However, Sundiata's legs grew strong and he stood up to challenge Dankaran's rule.
- Meanwhile, the wicked wizard Soumaoro had taken control of Mali. Sundiata defeated Soumaoro in battle using
Empire Of Mali
This slide show aims to draw connections between the empire of Mali at the height of its power under Mansa Musa, and modern day Mali. There are several topics presented, and there is room from inquiry throughout the slide show. I used photos from my travels throughout Mali and to Timbuktu. The slides also correspond with the Mansa Musa Readers Theatre, but it is not essential for you to have this in order to find the slide show accessible.
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The Ancient Civilization of Mali was once a powerful empire located along the Niger River in West Africa during the 14th century. It controlled trans-Saharan trade routes and gained wealth through exporting gold and salt, using cowrie shells as currency. Mali rose to power under the rule of Sundiata, who founded the Mali Empire, and later flourished during the reign of Mansa Musa, who spread Islam and led a golden age. However, Mali's power declined in the 14th century as European sea trade replaced the trans-Saharan routes.
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Ch. 3 Sec. 2 Early African
This document provides information about several African empires that existed between the 8th and 16th centuries, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. It notes that Ethiopia introduced Christianity in the 4th century and had to defend itself from Muslim invaders. The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai prospered from the trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt and many converted to Islam. Mali's King Musa made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and Songhai collapsed when confronted with Moroccan forces armed with firearms.
Ch. 3 Sec. 2 Early African
This document provides information about several major African empires that existed between the 8th and 16th centuries:
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Powerful kingdoms emerged in West Africa due to the trans-Saharan salt-gold trade. The Empire of Ghana grew wealthy from taxing the trade between North and West Africa. The Empire of Mali later invaded Ghana and established control over the salt-gold trade, becoming enormously wealthy under Mansa Musa who went on Hajj to Mecca. His pilgrimage established Mali's wealth and prominence. The trading empires grew rich from controlling the trade routes and taxing the goods that passed through their territories.
Africa and Islam (Ch 8)
African civilizations were typically organized around kinship groups with decentralized political authority. Common elements included use of Bantu languages, animistic religions, and veneration of ancestors. North Africa was influenced by Mediterranean traders and later the Romans, and Christianity spread. The arrival of camels enabled trans-Saharan trade networks, through which Islam spread south, replacing Latin and Christianity as dominant. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai controlled gold and salt trade routes across the Sahara and grew wealthy. Other notable states included the Christian kingdoms of Nubia, Axum, the Hausa city-states, and the Benin Kingdom known for its bronze art.
World History Ch. 10 Section 3 Notes
The document provides an overview of several West African kingdoms including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. The kings of Ghana became wealthy by taxing salt and gold and controlling the price of gold. Under Mansa Musa, Mali grew extremely wealthy from the gold-salt trade and brought attention to the empire when Musa took his pilgrimage to Mecca. Askia Muhammad strengthened Songhai's government and resumed trans-Saharan trade after his own pilgrimage, making Timbuktu a center of culture and learning once again.
Aks 35 early african civilizations
The document discusses early African civilizations and their development. It describes the Bantu migrations from West Africa starting around 3,000 BC, which spread Bantu languages and agriculture. It also summarizes the rise and fall of three West African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - including key figures like Sundiata and Mansa Musa. Additionally, it examines the trans-Saharan trade networks in gold, salt, and slaves, as well as the influential Swahili coastal trading cities. Finally, it analyzes how traditional African beliefs blended with the introduction of Islam and Christianity through religious syncretism along trade routes.
Europe During The Middle Ages
1) During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by feudalism following the fall of the Roman Empire. Feudalism organized society into a hierarchy with lords controlling land and vassals providing military service in exchange for land.
2) Vikings from Scandinavia explored Europe and even established a short-lived settlement in North America around 1000 AD. The Catholic Church was the center of religious and social life across Europe during this time.
3) International trade expanded between 600-1400 AD. The spread of Islam connected Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Silk Road enabled trade between China and the Mediterranean. African kingdoms like Ghana and Mali grew wealthy through the gold and salt trades.
Lesson 2 Kingdoms and Empires
The document discusses several major kingdoms and empires in Africa, including Aksum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kilwa, and Zimbabwe. It explains that these civilizations rose to power through control of trade networks, especially the trade of gold and salt. As trade brought wealth and new ideas, many African societies integrated aspects of Islam and Arab culture while also developing powerful city-states of their own. Overall, strategic control of trade routes and the taxation of goods was a major source of power for many kingdoms and empires across Africa over time.
The three kingdoms of west africa
The Three Kingdoms of West Africa document summarizes the rise and fall of three major West African empires - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai - between 500 AD to 1600 AD. It describes how Ghana grew wealthy through gold and salt trade across the Sahara desert until its decline in the 1200s due to attacks from North Africa and overgrazing. Mali then grew to power under Mansa Musa in the 1300s, spreading Islam and education. However, Mali fell after Timbuktu's schools and mosques were destroyed in the late 1400s. Finally, Songhai rebelled against Mali in the 1400s and rose to a great empire under Askia before being conquered by Morocco
African kingdoms
The document summarizes several ancient African kingdoms and civilizations. It describes how the Ghana Empire was located along important trade routes between salt mines in the Sahara and gold mines in West Africa, facilitating a lucrative gold and salt trade. It then discusses the Mali Empire under the rule of Mansa Musa, who established Timbuktu as a center of Islamic learning. Next, it outlines the Songhai Empire which expanded trade further and established an organized bureaucracy. In East Africa, it summarizes the Shona kingdom centered around Great Zimbabwe and their rise through cattle herding and gold mining. It also describes the Swahili city-states along the East African coast that connected African trade with Arabia, India, and beyond.
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
African Kingdoms
The document describes several early kingdoms in Africa, including their rise and fall. It discusses kingdoms in East Africa like Axum which spread Christianity through trade. In West Africa it describes kingdoms like Ghana and Mali that controlled the gold-salt trade routes and grew wealthy. Mali expanded under Mansa Musa who took a famous hajj to Mecca. The kingdom of Songhai later rose to power, controlling trade until being conquered by Morocco in the 16th century. The document concludes with images of modern African cities.
African History 3
European colonialism in Africa was driven by economic and cultural motives in the late 19th century. European nations scrambled to claim African territories for their raw materials and markets, establishing control over much of the continent. They imposed their languages and religions on African peoples and divided the territories among themselves at the Berlin Conference without African representation.
African Kingdoms
This document provides information about kingdoms and civilizations in Africa, including those located in sub-Saharan and northeast Africa as well as along the trans-Saharan trade route. It details the Kush kingdom in Nubia along the Nile River from 800 BCE to 300 CE, the Axum kingdom in Ethiopia from 300-800 CE, and the Great Zimbabwe kingdom in southern Africa from 1300-1450 CE. It also describes the West African kingdoms of Ghana from 300-1200 CE centered around Kumbi Saleh, Mali from 1200-1500 CE with Timbuktu as its capital, and Songhai from the 1500s CE which continued the traditions of its predecessors.
Amara west
Ramesside Egypt: Everyday Life at Amara West
1) The document discusses archaeological evidence from the site of Amara West in Lower Nubia dating to the Ramesside Period of Egypt under pharaohs Seti I and Rameses II.
2) It describes the remains of fortifications, temples, residences, and neighborhoods excavated at the site that provide insights into town planning and daily life.
3) Archaeological findings like artifacts, games, seals, pottery, figurines, food remains, and burials help shed light on activities, trade, cultural exchange, and customs of the population that lived there during this time period in Egypt's rule over Nub
Ch 15 african h istory
The document summarizes the effects of Islam on North Africa in three sections. Section 1 explains how Muslim states like the Almoravids and Almohads brought Islam to North Africa and established Islamic rule. Section 2 discusses the Islamic invasions and the rise of empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai due to the gold-salt trade. Section 3 explains how Islam influenced East African peoples like the Swahili who blended Bantu and Arabic languages and cultures.
Similar to Ch 3 sec 2 (20)
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Primary sources
The document distinguishes between primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are first-hand accounts or original records, such as interviews with former slaves or Holocaust survivors. Secondary sources are one step removed, like books written by historians based on primary research or government reports analyzing past events. Determining the credibility of differing accounts of an event may depend on the relationship of the source to the event and potential biases.
Fair vs equal
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Teacher memes
Mrs. Hughes has rules for her classroom regarding paying attention, missing class, following the daily agenda, completing homework, and phone usage. Students are expected to focus in class, make up any missed work if absent, know what is planned each day, finish assignments outside of school, and keep phones away during lessons.
Primary sources
The document distinguishes between primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are first-hand accounts or original records, such as interviews with former slaves or Holocaust survivors. Secondary sources are one step removed, like a history book or Hollywood movie based on primary research. Determining the credibility of differing accounts of an event may depend on the relationship of the source to the event and potential biases.
Plymouth
The document summarizes the journey and founding of Plymouth colony by the Pilgrims in 1620. It describes how the Pilgrims faced religious persecution in England and sought religious freedom, so they traveled on the Mayflower to settle in Virginia but ended up landing much further north in Massachusetts due to storms. They survived a difficult first winter with help from the Native Americans Squanto and Samoset and held a harvest celebration that became Thanksgiving.
Ch 19 sec 2
The US became involved in Vietnam to prevent South Vietnam from falling to communism, fearing this could lead other Southeast Asian countries to also fall (domino theory). While initially sending advisors, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed greater US action after alleged attacks on US destroyers. However, the US struggled against an elusive Viet Cong enemy hidden in jungles, without clear targets. Growing anti-war sentiment at home was exacerbated by the surprising Tet Offensive, though the US began gradually transferring responsibility to South Vietnam through Vietnamization while still providing support.
Ch 19 sec1
Following WWII, Europe and Asia underwent significant changes - Germany and Berlin were divided between the Western allies and Soviet Union, while the US took sole responsibility for rebuilding Japan and establishing a new democratic constitution under General Douglas MacArthur. Meanwhile, the Cold War emerged between the capitalist West led by the US and the communist Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union, which exerted control over countries behind the Iron Curtain and cut off access to West Berlin until the US launched a massive airlift of supplies; this instability continued with the outbreak of the Korean War as North Korea invaded South Korea across the 38th Parallel boundary.
Ch 24 sec 4
The Philippines were an important US base until the Japanese forced the surrender of US forces in April 1942. This led to the infamous Bataan Death March where thousands of Filipino and US prisoners of war died. In the Pacific Theater, the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway turned the tide in favor of the US by stopping Japanese naval advances. The US also fought major battles to take Iwo Jima and Okinawa to reach the Japanese mainland. Meanwhile, the Manhattan Project developed the atomic bomb which the US dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 after Japan refused to surrender, leading to their surrender and the end of the war.
Ch 24 sec 3
The US entered World War 2 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Over 16 million Americans joined the military and women joined the workforce, taking on jobs previously held by men. Japanese Americans on the west coast were forced into internment camps during the war. In the European theater, the US prioritized defeating Hitler. Key operations included invading North Africa and Sicily, establishing a beachhead in Normandy on D-Day, and defeating the final German offensive at the Battle of the Bulge. Germany surrendered on V-E Day in May 1945.
Ch 24 sec 2
Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles and annexed Austria and the Sudetenland without resistance. At the Munich Agreement, Britain appeased Hitler by allowing the annexation of Czechoslovakia, but Hitler soon invaded Poland, starting World War 2. Germany had early success using its new Blitzkrieg tactics to quickly defeat Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and France. Though the British rescued troops from Dunkirk, Britain stood alone against Germany until Hitler invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, opening a second front.
Ch 24 sec 1
Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy in the 1920s and established a fascist government, creating the "black shirts" militia to enforce his rule. He invaded Ethiopia in Africa and Japan attacked Manchuria in China, and both faced ineffective responses from the League of Nations. In Germany, Adolf Hitler rose to power as the Nazi party leader and chancellor, preaching against the unfair Treaty of Versailles and beginning to remilitarize the country by sending troops to the Rhineland. The authoritarian leaders of Italy, Germany and Japan would later form the Axis alliance.
Ch 23 sec 3
The 1936 US presidential election saw Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt defeat Republican Alf Landon. Roosevelt proposed a controversial "Court Packing Plan" to add more justices to the Supreme Court if they did not retire after age 70, but Congress defeated the bill. The New Deal programs increased US debt and emphasized government aid, shifting the US to a modern welfare state. Roosevelt also took the US off the gold standard, giving the government more control over the money supply.
Ch 23 sec 2
Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover in the 1932 presidential election amidst the Great Depression. As president, FDR established numerous programs through his New Deal initiative to provide relief, reform the economy, and regulate finance in response to the economic crisis. These programs included the establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps to create jobs for young unemployed men, the Tennessee Valley Authority to build infrastructure projects like dams and provide electricity, and the Social Security Act to offer assistance to the elderly.
Ch 23 sec 1
Stocks crashed on October 24, 1929 in heavy selling known as Black Thursday, with prices plunging and over $4 billion in paper losses. Billions more were lost two days later on Black Tuesday, wiping out many investors. The massive sell-off marked the beginning of the Great Depression, with plummeting demand causing industrial output and employment to drop sharply. Unemployment rose to one in four as banks failed and shantytowns emerged.
Ch 18 sec 2
Germany attacked France and cornered Allied forces at Dunkirk, but bad weather allowed the British navy to rescue troops across the English Channel. Germany then bombed Britain for over 3 months but failed to break the Royal Air Force. Hitler invaded the Soviet Union to seize its resources but faced scorched earth tactics, and later turned his attention to the Pacific by attacking islands like the Philippines. Several key events turned the tide of war, including Germany fighting on two fronts after invading the USSR, the US entering the war after Japan's attack, Italy surrendering following the Allied invasion of Sicily, and the Allied D-Day invasion of France leading ultimately to Germany's defeat on V-E Day in 1945, after which the US dropped atomic
Ch 18 sec 1
The key causes of WWII were the rise of dictators like Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, and Hirohito in Japan. Germany's economy was ruined after harsh treatment following WWI, including huge reparation payments. Countries were increasingly aggressive in expanding their borders, which the weak League of Nations struggled to address. Germany openly disregarded the Treaty of Versailles and remilitarized the Rhineland, while Britain pursued appeasement. Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 drew the major Allied powers into the war.
Ch 17 sec 5
The Great Depression was caused by the financial devastation of World War I, with the US loaning money to allies who did not repay, the failure of the Federal Reserve to control interest rates, and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act raising prices of foreign goods and reducing US exports. This led to about 1/3 of the workforce becoming unemployed even as Hoover and later FDR created numerous government programs to stimulate the economy and help the unemployed in the face of the crisis.
Ch 17 sec 3
After World War 1, several dictators rose to power in Russia, Germany, and Italy. In Russia, Vladimir Lenin led the Bolsheviks and became dictator after the execution of Czar Nicholas II. In Germany, Adolf Hitler led the Nazi party and declared himself dictator after gaining power. In Italy, Benito Mussolini led the Fascist party and was appointed leader after marching on Rome. These dictators consolidated their control and rebuilt their militaries, undermining the peace efforts of the League of Nations and other post-WW1 agreements.
Ch 17 sec 2
WWI began in 1914 when Germany invaded Belgium to launch an attack on France as part of the Schlieffen Plan. This brought Britain into the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. The war quickly resulted in trench warfare and a stalemate as both sides suffered massive casualties without significant gains. New weapons like tanks, planes, submarines, and poison gas were introduced but failed to break the stalemate. The US joined the Allies in 1917, and Germany surrendered in 1918 after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk separated Russia from the war and its resources were exhausted. The Treaty of Versailles ended WWI and imposed punitive terms on Germany. In total, over 20 million people died in the war making it
Ch 17 sec 1
World War I was caused by militarism, imperialism, and a system of rival alliances between European powers. Countries had built up large militaries and still sought to expand their territories abroad. A network of agreements bound countries to allies, including the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia and the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand sparked the war after tensions had risen between these alliance blocs for years.
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English - The Book of 1st Samuel the Prophet.pdf
The Book of Samuel is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books in the Old Testament. The book is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books that constitute a theological history of the Israelites and that aim to explain God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.
312 A Wise Woman of Abel Beth Maakah Saves The Town
Sermon adapted from, Discovering Christ Day by Day, David Fortner
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
-God’s general providence is toward all creation
- All things were made through Him
God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
God can see what we cannot see
快速办理(PU毕业证书)普渡大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PU毕业证书)普渡大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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Protector & Destroyer: Agni Dev (The Hindu God of Fire)
So let us turn the pages of ancient Indian literature and get to know more about Agni, the mighty purifier of all things, worshipped in Indian culture as a God since the Vedic time.
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
The Enchantment and Shadows_ Unveiling the Mysteries of Magic and Black Magic...
This manual will guide you through basic skills and tasks to help you get started with various aspects of Magic. Each section is designed to be easy to follow, with step-by-step instructions.
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu Expert
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A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
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English - The Book of Ruth - King James Bible.pdf
The Book of Ruth is included in the third division, or the Writings, of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel.
How to Stop a Divorce and Save Your Marriage: Divorce Spells That Really Work...
How to Stop a Divorce and Save Your Marriage: Divorce Spells That Really Work...Traditional Healer, Love Spells Caster and Money Spells That Work Fast
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
My ritual will not only stop separation and divorce, but rebuild a strong bond between you and your partner that is based on truth, honesty, and unconditional love. For an even stronger effect, you may want to consider using the Eternal Love Bond spell to ensure your relationship and love will last through all tests of time. If you have not yet determined if your partner is considering separation or divorce, but are aware of rifts in the relationship, try the Love Spells to remove problems in a relationship or marriage. Keep in mind that all my love spells are 100% customized and that you'll only need 1 spell to address all problems/wishes.
Save your marriage from divorce & make your relationship stronger using anti divorce spells to make him or her fall back in love with you. End your marriage if you are no longer in love with your husband or wife. Permanently end your marriage using divorce spells that work fast. Protect your marriage from divorce using love spells to boost commitment, love & bind your hearts together for a stronger marriage that will last. Get your ex lover who has remarried using divorce spells to break up a couple & make your ex lost lover come back to you permanently.
Visit https://www.profbalaj.com/love-spells-loves-spells-that-work/
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The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - Message
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
The heart of the Father is to restore those who come with repentance.
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312 A Wise Woman of Abel Beth Maakah Saves The Town
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Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)
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The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
The_Chronological_Life_of_Christ_Part_104_Repentance_and_Restoration
Ch 3 sec 2
- 2. Ethiopia (in the east)
- 3. Frumentius
- 4. • A slave who rose in favor with the king • He introduced Coptic Christianity to Ethiopia.
- 5. • Had to defend itself from the Muslims • Turn to page 49 in book • Make pilgrimages to Lalibela and the 11 churches built by King Lalibela
- 11. Ghani (in the west)
- 12. • Prospered from the trade that traveled through • Traded for salt from the north • They demanded gold nuggets for a tax • Converted to Islam
- 13. Mali (in the west)
- 14. • King Sunjata defeated the rulers and set up a larger empire • Leaders converted to Islam
- 15. • Mansa Musa made pilgrimage to Mecca and gave away much gold
- 16. Songhai (in the west)
- 17. • Founded by Sunni Ali • Collapsed in 1591 when Moroccan forces came with muzzle-loading firearms
- 18. West African Commerce • Agriculture: – Developed iron production – Learned to work with camels
- 19. • Gold Production – Used gold to trade – Europeans called it the Gold Coast
- 20. • Caravan Trade – Camel caravans traveled from oasis to oasis – Why Camels? • Can store energy rich fat in their humps • Can store water to survive 5-7 days • Long eyelashes and nostrils can be closed during sandstorm • Can withstand extreme temperatures – Camels were essential to caravan trade
- 22. • Muslim traders brought Islam • Muslims also brought written language Arabic
Editor's Notes
- Legend says that the queen of Sheba and King Solomon had a child, Menelik, from whom all Ethiopian rulers are descended. Also states that the wooden box on the altar in the cathedral at Aksum contained the original ark of the covenant. (Aksum is a kingdom directly above Ethiopia)
- Egyptian christianityofficial name for the largest Christian church in EgyptPage 48 in textbookFrumentius was ordained as a bishop of the Ethiopian Church by the king once he accepted Christianity.
- Page 49 in textbookWhen the muslims came, they were cut off from the Egyptian church and struggled.They developed their own way of worship that included drums and dancing in its service.
- Clancheifs would conquer other clans to create an empire.
- Extensive trade passed through and it brought great wealth to the region.Salt …crucial for preservering foods…was important until refrigeration became available in early 1900s…Shana would trade gold in exchange for salt.Traded with Muslims and the leaders of Ghana converted to Islam
- The Ghana empire military might had faded and another kingdom took over…Mali
- Trade flourished and great wealth poured into the areaMali rulers converted to Islam
- Mansa Musa was the most famous Mali rulerTradition…gave away so much gold that he reduced the value of gold in that region for several years
- Mali’s influence faded and a new empire developedThis is where Timbuktu isThis one lasted until end of the 16th century (1591)
- He couldn't’t keep smooth relationship with the general populations and keep Muslim merchants in newly conquered cities.
- Produced trade items of iron, cotton cloth and gold
- Read page 52 about camels
- These scholars recorded what they saw in Africa and gave us the first written history of the continent…the ability to read and write changed the culture of Africa, which had only known oral recording of history and tradition.