The document discusses different aspects of authority and governance in the United States. It explains that power is shared between the three branches of government and federal and state governments. Political parties and interest groups also wield influence. It defines political parties, interest groups, and different types of legitimate authority. Max Weber's views on authority, legitimacy, and the state are outlined.
This document defines and provides examples of various types of economic institutions:
- Economic institutions include banks, government organizations, and investment funds that deal with money management and distribution of goods/services.
- Reciprocity in social psychology refers to repaying favors to maintain relationships. Non-state institutions include private banks and corporations not controlled by government. Market transactions involve exchange of goods/services but exclude some and include some non-market production to measure economic output. Transnational advocacy groups are networks united around issues crossing multiple countries. Development agencies and international organizations promote cooperation among members.
The document discusses different models of federalism including unitary, federal, and confederational systems of government. It provides definitions and examples of federal countries around the world and in the EU. Federal countries show great variety in terms of territory, population, number of constituent units, official languages, and distribution of powers. Both advantages and disadvantages of federalism are outlined. Key advantages include checks on power from division of powers, promotion of diversity, and protection of regional identities. Disadvantages can include lack of uniformity, complexity, and inefficient duplication of efforts. Successful federal democracies require cooperation, compromise, and balancing regional and national interests.
This document defines political ideology as a coherent set of ideas that direct or organize political action. It states that a political ideology is a belief system containing action-oriented ideas that can embody social class views and generate a sense of collective belonging. The document also lists 10 major political ideologies: liberalism, conservatism, socialism, Marxism, social democracy, fascism, anarchism, feminism, ecologism, and cosmopolitanism.
NATION, STATE AND THE GLOBALIZATION / THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS AN...Mary Grace Ayade
In this ppt, you'll fully understand the meaning of the nation, the state and globalization. Also, you'll understand the difference between the nation and the state. The advantage and disadvantage of Globalization. Lastly, the evolution of politics and governance here in the Philippines.
Societies have different ways of maintaining social order and resolving disputes that vary based on their level of political organization. Band societies are small and nomadic hunter-gatherer groups with informal authority. Tribal societies are larger, more sedentary groups organized into clans and age sets. Chiefdoms have formal hierarchies and integrate multiple communities, with chiefs holding permanent positions of authority. States have centralized governments with monopolies on force that govern many communities through laws, taxes, and conscription.
LESSON IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
https://learnwithjehn.blogspot.com/2021/02/philippine-politics-and-governance_39.html
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
This document provides an overview of an introductory politics course being offered at ADA University in Fall 2015. It discusses different approaches to defining politics, including viewing it as the art of government, public affairs, compromise and consensus, or the distribution of power and resources. It also outlines different approaches to studying politics, such as philosophical, empirical, behavioral, and critical approaches. Finally, it notes how globalization has expanded the scope of political activity beyond domestic realms.
This document defines and provides examples of various types of economic institutions:
- Economic institutions include banks, government organizations, and investment funds that deal with money management and distribution of goods/services.
- Reciprocity in social psychology refers to repaying favors to maintain relationships. Non-state institutions include private banks and corporations not controlled by government. Market transactions involve exchange of goods/services but exclude some and include some non-market production to measure economic output. Transnational advocacy groups are networks united around issues crossing multiple countries. Development agencies and international organizations promote cooperation among members.
The document discusses different models of federalism including unitary, federal, and confederational systems of government. It provides definitions and examples of federal countries around the world and in the EU. Federal countries show great variety in terms of territory, population, number of constituent units, official languages, and distribution of powers. Both advantages and disadvantages of federalism are outlined. Key advantages include checks on power from division of powers, promotion of diversity, and protection of regional identities. Disadvantages can include lack of uniformity, complexity, and inefficient duplication of efforts. Successful federal democracies require cooperation, compromise, and balancing regional and national interests.
This document defines political ideology as a coherent set of ideas that direct or organize political action. It states that a political ideology is a belief system containing action-oriented ideas that can embody social class views and generate a sense of collective belonging. The document also lists 10 major political ideologies: liberalism, conservatism, socialism, Marxism, social democracy, fascism, anarchism, feminism, ecologism, and cosmopolitanism.
NATION, STATE AND THE GLOBALIZATION / THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLITICS AN...Mary Grace Ayade
In this ppt, you'll fully understand the meaning of the nation, the state and globalization. Also, you'll understand the difference between the nation and the state. The advantage and disadvantage of Globalization. Lastly, the evolution of politics and governance here in the Philippines.
Societies have different ways of maintaining social order and resolving disputes that vary based on their level of political organization. Band societies are small and nomadic hunter-gatherer groups with informal authority. Tribal societies are larger, more sedentary groups organized into clans and age sets. Chiefdoms have formal hierarchies and integrate multiple communities, with chiefs holding permanent positions of authority. States have centralized governments with monopolies on force that govern many communities through laws, taxes, and conscription.
LESSON IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
https://learnwithjehn.blogspot.com/2021/02/philippine-politics-and-governance_39.html
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
This document provides an overview of an introductory politics course being offered at ADA University in Fall 2015. It discusses different approaches to defining politics, including viewing it as the art of government, public affairs, compromise and consensus, or the distribution of power and resources. It also outlines different approaches to studying politics, such as philosophical, empirical, behavioral, and critical approaches. Finally, it notes how globalization has expanded the scope of political activity beyond domestic realms.
Political science is defined as the study of the state and government. It analyzes the stages of studying political science from a religious to a modern stage. Key figures like Aristotle and Machiavelli contributed to the development of political science. A state is defined as a group of people occupying a definite territory with an independent government and sovereignty. The difference between a nation and a state is that a nation refers to a ethnic or racial group, while a state is a legal concept. Citizenship can be changed but nationality is absolute and innate.
Thorstein Veblen is considered the founder of institutionalism. He developed a critique of orthodox economic theory and argued that human behavior is governed by instincts and habits formed by institutions, which are socially shared mental patterns. In his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen analyzed conspicuous consumption as a display of status rather than satisfying real needs. New institutionalism in the 1980s revived a focus on institutions across various disciplines like economics and political science. It views institutions as lenses for understanding these fields and reacted against approaches that neglected historical and social contexts. Traditional institutionalism deals with enduring social structures and the processes through which norms and rules become established guidelines for behavior over time.
This document defines key concepts related to kinship and family, including kinship, family, household, descent systems, marriage, and residence patterns. It discusses kinship as social relationships based on genealogical ties, and categorizes kinship as either consanguineous (by blood) or affinal (by marriage). The document outlines different systems of determining kinship such as unilineal, bilineal, and bilateral descent. It also defines types of marriages like monogamy, polygamy, and systems of post-marital residence.
This document summarizes several key concepts related to conformity, deviance, and theories of deviance. It discusses conformity as behaving according to social norms and deviance as violating norms. It then outlines several theories of deviance, including Merton's strain theory, which links deviance to a gap between cultural goals and legitimate means to achieve them. Labeling theory holds that deviance results from being labeled as such rather than inherent acts. Social control theory suggests people conform due to social attachments. The document also discusses concepts like human rights and dignity.
Kinship can be defined as the bonds between family members through blood or marriage. There are two main types of kinship - consanguineal kinship based on blood relations, and affinal kinship based on marriage. Descent systems determine these kinship relations, and can be unilineal (tracing lineage through one gender), bilateral (combining maternal and paternal lineages), or duolocal. Marriage practices around the world vary and include monogamy, polygamy, endogamy within a community, and exogamy outside a community. The basic family unit is often the nuclear, extended, or blended family. Kinship also determines political alliances through dynasties.
This document discusses the key elements and definitions of a state according to political science. It outlines that a state consists of 4 essential elements: a population, a defined territory, a government, and sovereignty. It elaborates on each of these elements, including defining characteristics like a state requiring a permanent population living on a specific territory and having supreme internal and external power. The document also examines theories on the origin of states and their functions.
This document discusses different systems of government and how power is distributed in each. It explains that there are three main ways power can be shared: unitary governments have one central authority that controls everything; confederations involve a voluntary association of independent states under a weak central power; and federal governments share power between a central national government and states or provinces that have considerable self-rule. The document provides examples of countries that use each system and diagrams to illustrate how power is divided in unitary, confederation, and federal systems.
Week 1 concept, relationship, and importance of politics, governance, and g...Joseph Ramiscal
The document provides an overview of the key concepts of politics, governance, and government. It defines politics as decision-making within a group that makes and enforces rules for its members. Governance refers to the administrative actions of a sovereign authority in exercising control over a political unit. Government is defined as the governing body through which the will of the people is expressed. The document discusses how these concepts are interrelated and why it is important to study them to understand how political decisions are made and actions taken.
This document discusses citizenship, including how it is acquired and lost. It defines citizenship as membership in a state that provides rights and requires allegiance. There are four ways of acquiring citizenship - by birth, naturalization, marriage, or reacquisition after loss. Citizenship can be lost through naturalization in another country, renouncing one's citizenship, certain military service, or cancellation of naturalization. The document outlines the responsibilities of citizens to their state, such as loyalty, participation, and upholding laws.
This document provides an overview of the development of political science from ancient philosophers like Aristotle and Aquinas to modern thinkers like Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Marx. It discusses how their works influenced the emergence of political science as a distinct academic discipline in the 19th century, particularly in France and England. In the US, political science emerged at universities in the late 19th century and the Chicago School emphasized empirical research methods. Totalitarian regimes in the 20th century led political scientists to study issues like the role of elites, parties, and voter behavior.
This document defines and describes various political institutions and forms of government. It discusses that a government is a ruling body recognized by the people it governs, with the ability to make and enforce rules. Types of governments include monarchies, where power is passed through families, and democracies, where citizens periodically elect officials. Other forms are authoritarianism, with no citizen participation, and totalitarianism, with tight government control over citizens' lives. The document also examines the concepts of power, authority, and legitimacy in political systems. It provides examples of political participation such as voting, lobbying, and advocacy campaigns.
The Philippine judicial and legal system, including its legal education system, blends elements of civil law inherited from the Spaniards and American common law. For instance, civil code procedures on family and property matters, among others, and the absence of jury trials are attributable to the Spanish civil law influences. However, most of the more significant laws governing trade and commerce, taxation, labor relations, and governmental operations, as well as the principle of judicial precedents are an American derivation. In the hierarchy of laws, the Constitution has the highest legal force, followed by domestic statutes. In addition, generally accepted principles of international law and judicial precedents (i.e., decisions of the Supreme Court) also form part of the laws of the land.
The document discusses the military perspective on state formation and the significance of war. It argues that states form primarily through war making and the organization of violence. According to the perspective, the state consists of individuals with weapons who claim a monopoly on their use, with the army and police serving as the initial embodiment of the state. Maintaining military might is a key concern for states from this viewpoint.
Anthro30 13 deviance, crime and social controlYvan Gumbao
Here are my responses to the questions about Peter:
1) Peter comes into contact with both informal and formal social control. His mother and visiting carer represent informal social control as they are close personal figures in his life. The bowling center represents formal social control as it is an organized institution.
2) Peter's mother likely applies negative informal sanctions when Peter tries to act independently without help. As his mother, she fulfills an informal social control role and would scold him or express disapproval to enforce proper behavior in her view.
3) At the bowling center, Peter's friends would represent informal social control. As fellow bowlers, they are peers rather than authorities and would apply positive informal sanctions like praise or encouragement to
The document discusses different aspects of authority and the state. It describes how power is shared between branches of the US government as well as federal and state governments. It also discusses political parties, interest groups, types of legitimate authority including traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational. The document examines obedience to authority through Milgram's experiment and defines the key aspects of a state according to Weber involving use of force over a given territory.
The document discusses several topics related to political parties in the United States including what they are, their functions, the origins of the two-party system, different types of party systems, and aspects of how U.S. political parties operate such as nominating candidates, funding campaigns, and enforcing campaign finance laws.
Political science is defined as the study of the state and government. It analyzes the stages of studying political science from a religious to a modern stage. Key figures like Aristotle and Machiavelli contributed to the development of political science. A state is defined as a group of people occupying a definite territory with an independent government and sovereignty. The difference between a nation and a state is that a nation refers to a ethnic or racial group, while a state is a legal concept. Citizenship can be changed but nationality is absolute and innate.
Thorstein Veblen is considered the founder of institutionalism. He developed a critique of orthodox economic theory and argued that human behavior is governed by instincts and habits formed by institutions, which are socially shared mental patterns. In his 1899 book The Theory of the Leisure Class, Veblen analyzed conspicuous consumption as a display of status rather than satisfying real needs. New institutionalism in the 1980s revived a focus on institutions across various disciplines like economics and political science. It views institutions as lenses for understanding these fields and reacted against approaches that neglected historical and social contexts. Traditional institutionalism deals with enduring social structures and the processes through which norms and rules become established guidelines for behavior over time.
This document defines key concepts related to kinship and family, including kinship, family, household, descent systems, marriage, and residence patterns. It discusses kinship as social relationships based on genealogical ties, and categorizes kinship as either consanguineous (by blood) or affinal (by marriage). The document outlines different systems of determining kinship such as unilineal, bilineal, and bilateral descent. It also defines types of marriages like monogamy, polygamy, and systems of post-marital residence.
This document summarizes several key concepts related to conformity, deviance, and theories of deviance. It discusses conformity as behaving according to social norms and deviance as violating norms. It then outlines several theories of deviance, including Merton's strain theory, which links deviance to a gap between cultural goals and legitimate means to achieve them. Labeling theory holds that deviance results from being labeled as such rather than inherent acts. Social control theory suggests people conform due to social attachments. The document also discusses concepts like human rights and dignity.
Kinship can be defined as the bonds between family members through blood or marriage. There are two main types of kinship - consanguineal kinship based on blood relations, and affinal kinship based on marriage. Descent systems determine these kinship relations, and can be unilineal (tracing lineage through one gender), bilateral (combining maternal and paternal lineages), or duolocal. Marriage practices around the world vary and include monogamy, polygamy, endogamy within a community, and exogamy outside a community. The basic family unit is often the nuclear, extended, or blended family. Kinship also determines political alliances through dynasties.
This document discusses the key elements and definitions of a state according to political science. It outlines that a state consists of 4 essential elements: a population, a defined territory, a government, and sovereignty. It elaborates on each of these elements, including defining characteristics like a state requiring a permanent population living on a specific territory and having supreme internal and external power. The document also examines theories on the origin of states and their functions.
This document discusses different systems of government and how power is distributed in each. It explains that there are three main ways power can be shared: unitary governments have one central authority that controls everything; confederations involve a voluntary association of independent states under a weak central power; and federal governments share power between a central national government and states or provinces that have considerable self-rule. The document provides examples of countries that use each system and diagrams to illustrate how power is divided in unitary, confederation, and federal systems.
Week 1 concept, relationship, and importance of politics, governance, and g...Joseph Ramiscal
The document provides an overview of the key concepts of politics, governance, and government. It defines politics as decision-making within a group that makes and enforces rules for its members. Governance refers to the administrative actions of a sovereign authority in exercising control over a political unit. Government is defined as the governing body through which the will of the people is expressed. The document discusses how these concepts are interrelated and why it is important to study them to understand how political decisions are made and actions taken.
This document discusses citizenship, including how it is acquired and lost. It defines citizenship as membership in a state that provides rights and requires allegiance. There are four ways of acquiring citizenship - by birth, naturalization, marriage, or reacquisition after loss. Citizenship can be lost through naturalization in another country, renouncing one's citizenship, certain military service, or cancellation of naturalization. The document outlines the responsibilities of citizens to their state, such as loyalty, participation, and upholding laws.
This document provides an overview of the development of political science from ancient philosophers like Aristotle and Aquinas to modern thinkers like Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Marx. It discusses how their works influenced the emergence of political science as a distinct academic discipline in the 19th century, particularly in France and England. In the US, political science emerged at universities in the late 19th century and the Chicago School emphasized empirical research methods. Totalitarian regimes in the 20th century led political scientists to study issues like the role of elites, parties, and voter behavior.
This document defines and describes various political institutions and forms of government. It discusses that a government is a ruling body recognized by the people it governs, with the ability to make and enforce rules. Types of governments include monarchies, where power is passed through families, and democracies, where citizens periodically elect officials. Other forms are authoritarianism, with no citizen participation, and totalitarianism, with tight government control over citizens' lives. The document also examines the concepts of power, authority, and legitimacy in political systems. It provides examples of political participation such as voting, lobbying, and advocacy campaigns.
The Philippine judicial and legal system, including its legal education system, blends elements of civil law inherited from the Spaniards and American common law. For instance, civil code procedures on family and property matters, among others, and the absence of jury trials are attributable to the Spanish civil law influences. However, most of the more significant laws governing trade and commerce, taxation, labor relations, and governmental operations, as well as the principle of judicial precedents are an American derivation. In the hierarchy of laws, the Constitution has the highest legal force, followed by domestic statutes. In addition, generally accepted principles of international law and judicial precedents (i.e., decisions of the Supreme Court) also form part of the laws of the land.
The document discusses the military perspective on state formation and the significance of war. It argues that states form primarily through war making and the organization of violence. According to the perspective, the state consists of individuals with weapons who claim a monopoly on their use, with the army and police serving as the initial embodiment of the state. Maintaining military might is a key concern for states from this viewpoint.
Anthro30 13 deviance, crime and social controlYvan Gumbao
Here are my responses to the questions about Peter:
1) Peter comes into contact with both informal and formal social control. His mother and visiting carer represent informal social control as they are close personal figures in his life. The bowling center represents formal social control as it is an organized institution.
2) Peter's mother likely applies negative informal sanctions when Peter tries to act independently without help. As his mother, she fulfills an informal social control role and would scold him or express disapproval to enforce proper behavior in her view.
3) At the bowling center, Peter's friends would represent informal social control. As fellow bowlers, they are peers rather than authorities and would apply positive informal sanctions like praise or encouragement to
The document discusses different aspects of authority and the state. It describes how power is shared between branches of the US government as well as federal and state governments. It also discusses political parties, interest groups, types of legitimate authority including traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational. The document examines obedience to authority through Milgram's experiment and defines the key aspects of a state according to Weber involving use of force over a given territory.
The document discusses several topics related to political parties in the United States including what they are, their functions, the origins of the two-party system, different types of party systems, and aspects of how U.S. political parties operate such as nominating candidates, funding campaigns, and enforcing campaign finance laws.
Citizens United Is Unconstitutional - Restore Democracy to The PeopleLinda Sturgeon
Visit http://americansforamendment.org/ for more information.
We are not affiliated with MTA, but, this quote is most applicable from https://movetoamend.org/voters-both-parties-object-supreme-court-activism "We’re fed up with the influence of Big Money in our political system. “If anything can unite Americans across party and ideological lines, it should be the arrogant and unprecedented Supreme Court ruling [Citizens United] that corporations [including unions, associations, and other entities] are “persons” with all the protections and rights of the Constitution. In a case trumped up by the court itself, five activist judges reversed 100 years of precedent to allow unlimited, special-interest money to be spent in our local, state and federal elections. Corporations [and other entities] are now free to spend unlimited money on behalf of a candidate they favor, or against one they wish to silence. No grassroots organization will ever be likely to raise enough money for their candidate to compete on a level playing field. Put simply in a New York Times headline, the story comes down to, “Lobbies’ New Power: Cross Us and Our Cash Will Bury You.” As moderate Washington Post columnist E.J. Dionne, Jr. wrote, “The only proper response to this distortion of our political system by ideologically driven justices is a popular revolt.”The choice is simple. Will government answer to the people, or serve special interests? Will elections be an opportunity for the people to speak powerfully to their government, or will elections become competitions among corporate powers, unions and giant foundations to serve their own interests? And what if corporate interests are tied to an unfriendly foreign power? It is difficult to imagine how our democracy would be strengthened by a large infusion of cash into our political process from such governments as Russia, China or Saudi Arabia. Most outrage at this attack on democracy focuses on national politics. However, the ruling also nullifies protections against corporate domination of elections in the 23 states, including Colorado, that model their laws on the federal Constitution.”
The document discusses political parties in the United States. It provides background on the two-party system and how it has evolved over time. While third parties have existed, the plurality voting system and other factors have generally maintained the dominance of the two major parties. The document outlines arguments for and against launching a third party presidential candidate. On one hand, third parties can influence issues and garner significant votes. However, it is very difficult to win due to the electoral system, and a third party could weaken the issue by splitting the base. The consultant briefing leaves the decision of whether to back a third party up to the head of a political organization.
Federal election commission and citizens unitedalwaysalwaysfun
The Supreme Court case Citizens United v. FEC centered around a documentary film called "Hillary: The Movie" produced by Citizens United intended to influence voters against Hillary Clinton. The Federal Election Commission prevented the film's release on TV due to the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act banning corporate electioneering communications within 30 days of a primary. Citizens United sued and the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that the BCRA restrictions violated free speech by limiting corporate independent political expenditures. The decision was controversial and opened the door for unlimited corporate spending on political campaigns.
Mr. White, a former teacher, decides to enter politics and runs for various elected offices at the local, state, and federal levels. He is initially successful in winning a seat on the county council. He later runs for and wins a seat in the Maryland state senate and U.S. House of Representatives. However, redistricting threatens his House seat, so he decides to run for U.S. President instead. The election comes down to the state of Florida, paralleling the 2000 election, leaving the outcome uncertain.
The document provides tips and advice for improving public speaking skills, including creating a positive self-image, recording practice speeches, relaxation techniques like yoga and breathing, creating bullet points instead of memorizing fully, defining impactful parts of the speech, avoiding slang, controlling voice volume, pitch, and speed, using pauses effectively, relating stories vividly, including dialogue, and never apologizing during a speech. It includes various links to video resources on these topics.
Collectiveactionandchallengesofsocialchange revised dec 18Ray Brannon
The document discusses theories of collective action and volunteerism in the United States. According to convergence theory, collective action occurs when people with similar ideas gather in the same place. Emergent norm theory emphasizes the influence of leaders in promoting norms that group members then follow. While Americans have traditionally had high volunteer participation, it seems to have declined somewhat with the rise of the Internet, as people can now join groups and donate online without face-to-face interaction.
Collective action involves collaborative efforts in groups that diverge from social norms. There are two main theories of collective action. Convergence theory holds that collective action occurs when people with similar ideas gather in one place. Emergent norm theory emphasizes the influence of leaders in promoting new norms that group members then follow. The passage also notes that while Americans have traditionally had high levels of volunteerism, it seems to have declined somewhat with the rise of the internet, as people can now join groups and donate online without face-to-face interaction.
Social deviance refers to any violation of established social norms, whether through informal minor transgressions or more formal crimes. Social control mechanisms aim to encourage normative compliance through both informal social sanctions and formal laws and punishments. Sociological theories offer different perspectives on deviance, with structural functionalism viewing it as a disruption to social cohesion and interactionist theories examining how social labeling can influence behavior and identity.
This document discusses social stratification and inequality in the United States. It begins by defining stratification as systematic inequalities between groups that arise from social processes and relationships. It then examines different theories of stratification, sources of stratification like class, race and gender, and measures of socioeconomic status. The document also looks at poverty, mobility, and explanations for inequality in areas like wealth, income, health, and political power.
Stratification refers to systematic inequalities between groups that arise from social processes and relationships. There are different theories about the causes of stratification. Functionalists believe it motivates people to fill needed roles, while conflict theorists see it resulting from exploitation. Stratification is measured in various ways and takes different forms, including the class system which is based on economic roles with some social mobility.
Sociology - A new way to think part 2 methods rev 9-10-18Ray Brannon
This document discusses social research methods and key concepts in social science research. It covers topics like hypothesis, correlation vs causation, independent and dependent variables, reliability and validity, and the role of smartphones in modern society. Specifically, it provides definitions and examples of key research terms like hypothesis, correlation, causation, independent and dependent variables. It also examines how smartphones have replaced other devices and become integral to communication and data collection in today's world.
Week 2 sociological imagination a new way to thinkRay Brannon
This document discusses various sociological concepts and theories. It explores how social identity is defined in relation to groups, how social institutions shape society, and the differences between micro and macro levels of analysis in sociology. It also mentions several sociological theories, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. The overall message is that sociology examines how social forces and interactions between individuals and groups influence society.
This document provides an introduction to sociology. It discusses how sociology examines how personal destinies are linked to broader societal structures and institutions. Sociology encourages developing a sociological imagination to understand how individuals are shaped by society and can shape it in turn. It also explores key sociological concepts like paradigms, social identity, and different levels of analysis from micro to macro. The goal is for students to think sociologically and question social norms and conventions.
This document summarizes an app called My New Leaf that is designed to help people struggling with substance abuse and mental health issues. The app uses gamification and behavioral monitoring tools based on evidence-based methods. It has received several awards and honors. Experts in the field support the app and believe it can effectively engage and support young people in recovery through a confidential platform tailored to them. The goal is to implement the app to help agencies and individuals through technological partnerships.
Week 11 Effective Speech and Your Future.Ray Brannon
This document contains links to videos about the importance of creativity and pitching ideas in today's world. It includes TED Talks on how education can stifle creativity, how automation will impact future jobs, and the need to develop skills in pitching yourself and your ideas. The links suggest watching videos that discuss adapting education to nurture creativity, changing paradigms in education, and what future job markets may look like with increased automation.
This document provides resources for preparing special occasion speeches, including videos on how to structure a best man or maid of honor speech, tips from famous speakers throughout history on how to engage an audience, and how using the right tonality can help someone sound like a leader. Links are included to videos about crafting different parts of a speech as well as speaking strategies that great orators have used. The overall message is that with the right preparation and presentation skills, anyone can give a successful special occasion speech.
This document discusses using visuals such as PowerPoint and Prezi as a form of body language to effectively communicate messages. It recommends avoiding "death by Powerpoint" by making visual presentations engaging through techniques discussed in Chapter 7 of the reading. Readers are instructed to create their own visual PowerPoint presentation.
Getting a job in 2016 is a multifacted endeavor requiting specific skills with old and new technologies. Learners today willhave 12-14 jobs in thei lifetime!
Week3bodylanguageandyourpresentations fall 16Ray Brannon
This document discusses how facial expressions and body language can influence perceptions and communication. It notes that facial expressions are innate but can be changed. It encourages mirroring another's body language to build trust, as this activates unconscious brain regions related to social mimicry. Specific behaviors are examined like smiling, walking style, hand gestures, eye contact and posture that can positively or negatively impact how one is received. The importance of tone of voice, energy level and appearance are also highlighted for making good first impressions.
This document discusses the importance of pitching ideas through stories about the author's six children. Each child has experience pitching ideas for jobs, projects, or auditions. The youngest, Ryan, entered a college "Shark Tank" competition to pitch his invention, which helps addicts recover, in just three minutes. After lots of practice pitching, he was able to thrill investors and get invited to speak at a technology summit. The document encourages the reader that they too can learn to pitch effectively if they prepare, practice, and pay attention to body language, just as Ryan did.
Week 3 Body Language and Your PresentationsRay Brannon
This document provides information on facial expressions, body language, and impression management. It includes links to videos and articles about different types of smiles and how to determine if a smile is genuine. Mirroring another person's body language is recommended as a way to build trust, as up to 93% of communication is non-verbal. Proper posture, distance, eye contact, voice tone, and other body language factors can influence the impression you make on others. The document advises paying attention to appearance, tone of voice, energy and behavior when making a first impression.
This document provides tips for improving public speaking skills through voice control, body language, and storytelling techniques. It recommends practicing yoga breathing and acupressure to reduce anxiety. When speaking, vary vocal properties like volume, pitch, and speed between 150-170 words per minute. Use pauses strategically and speed up for excitement. Envision your story and relive emotions to engage tone. Include dramatic facial expressions and gestures. Tell stories through dialogue to vary pace and volume. Never apologize during a speech. Introverted speaking styles can also be powerful.
2. Do you think the United States has a true democracy?
2
3. Who Rules in the United States?
• In the United States, power is shared
between three branches of government
as well as between the federal
government and the many state
governments.
• Other important actors in our political
system are political parties and interest
groups.
4. Who Rules in the United States?
• A political party is an organization that
wants to gain power in a government,
typically by backing a candidate who
shares the same beliefs.
5. Does your personal philosophy
match your party affiliation?
Political Party Quiz/
8. Who Rules in the United States?
• An interest group is an organization that
seeks to gain power in government and
influence policy without its representative
(a lobbyist) seeking election.
15. Types of Legitimate Authority
• A “state,” according to Weber, is a human
community that claims the legitimate use of
physical force in a given territory.
16. Types of Legitimate Authority
• Charismatic authority is based on the
personal appeal of an individual leader.
• Traditional authority is based on appeals to
the past or a long established way of doing
things.
• Legal-rational authority is based on legal,
impersonal rules that have been routinized
and rationalized.
17. Types of Legitimate Authority
Bureaucracy is a legal-rational organization or
mode of administration that governs with
reference to rules and roles and emphasizes
meritocracy.
18. Types of Legitimate Authority
• Authority is the justifiable right to exercise power.
19. Obedience to Authority
• The Milgram Experiment
– tested people to see how far they would
go in obeying an authority figure
– results showed that obedience to
authority is a very powerful form of
social control that can make “ordinary”
people do unspeakable things because
an authority figure told them to do so
21. Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Max Weber stated that:
– Power is the ability to carry out one’s will
despite resistance.
– Domination is the probability that a
command will be obeyed by a group of
people.
22. Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Coercion is the use of force to get others
to do what you want. Once a person or
institution decides to use physical
coercion, it loses all its legitimate
authority.
23. Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Sociologist T. H. Marshall
identified three types of
citizenship rights (rights that one
has as a citizen of a nation):
– civil rights
– political rights
– social rights
24. Authority, Legitimacy, and the State
• Civil rights guarantee personal freedom
without state interference.
• Political rights are rights to participate in
politics, hold office, or vote.
• Social rights guarantee protection by the
state.
Editor's Notes
For a heated discussion about the freedoms and rights of Americans, as well as the flawed system for campaigning and electing officials.
The three branches of government are the executive branch (headed by the president), the legislative branch (including the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together make up Congress), and the judicial branch (including the Supreme Court and lower federal courts). The three branches should use a system of “checks and balances” to keep each other in line. We’ll talk about political parties and interest groups in just a moment.
Many people think that there are two parties in the United States, Democrats and Republicans. Some people might also think of the Green Party, the newly formed Tea Party, or people registered as “Independents.” However, most people would be surprised to know that there are dozens of political parties in the United States. Most of these parties aren’t big enough to support strong candidates for public offices, but from time to time, one of these parties gains momentum and power and can be a force for social change.
Many groups want to have some political control, even though they don’t want to be politicians. For instance, let’s say there is a law that states that each farmer can only have one cow. The farmers don’t like this law and they want to change it, but they don’t want to run for office. So instead, they come together and form an interest group, called Farmers Want More Cows. They hire a lobbyist (a person to represent their interests) to go to Congress and talk to the politicians and try to convince them to change the laws. This sounds like a logical process, but sometimes people get upset because if a group has a lot of money to hire a lobbyist, their concerns might become more important than the concerns of the majority of the constituents (the voters in the area).
Figure 15.1 The Myth of the Vanishing Voter
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
Figure 15.2 Voter Registration Rates by Social Group, 2006
One of the things that binds the United States together is federal regulations and laws. The government has enacted regulations that allow for the use of military and police forces.
There are different types of legitimate authority. In other words, people can earn authority in different ways. For discussion, ask your students to think of examples. Charismatic authority comes from a person’s charisma, or outstanding personality. Examples could be Jesus Christ or Gandhi. Traditional authority comes from traditions in a society, for instance, having a tribal leader could be a social tradition. Legal-rational authority is based on legal, or regulated power. In the United States, an example would be the president or the police force.
In other words, bureaucracy is based on the idea that people are treated fairly and equally and that everyone has an equal opportunity to succeed or fail, based on the amount of effort they exert.
Having authority in a society helps to enforce the norms of that society. Authority is the justifiable right to exercise power. In other words, authority is power that is vested or backed by a society.
Through his experiment, Milgram realized that people feel strongly compelled to obey a person whom they believe is an authority figure. The “authority figure” doesn’t have to be a police officer or a politician. Milgram found that even a white lab coat conveyed some authority, and people would obey experimenters just because they “look” like they had the authority to conduct the experiment. What Milgram found was that “ordinary people” would administer electric shocks (or at least they thought they were administering shocks) to other people just because they were told to do so, even when told the shocks were strong enough to kill the other person!
Through his experiment, Milgram realized that people feel strongly compelled to obey a person whom they believe is an authority figure. The “authority figure” doesn’t have to be a police officer or a politician. Milgram found that even a white lab coat conveyed some authority, and people would obey experimenters just because they “look” like they had the authority to conduct the experiment. What Milgram found was that “ordinary people” would administer electric shocks (or at least they thought they were administering shocks) to other people just because they were told to do so, even when told the shocks were strong enough to kill the other person!
Weber differentiated between domination by economic power and domination by authority , which is the willing obedience of the ruled to the commands of legitimate authority. Weber defined the state, the ultimate example of domination by authority, as “a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory.” (See the key term definition on page 554.)
Coercion is the use of force, as opposed to authority, to get others to do what you want. For example, if you are a police officer and you tell someone to get out of the car, you have controlled that person with your authority. If instead you tell your friend to get out of the car or you will post all of their deep, dark secrets on the Internet, you were still able to control that person, but you did so with coercion rather than authority.
We’ll define each of these types in just a moment.
Civil and political rights are considered to be constitutional rights, yet these rights were not granted to all citizens until recently in American history. For example, African Americans weren’t granted full civil rights until the Civil Rights Act passed in 1964 (and even then full rights were not immediately granted), and women were not granted the right to vote until 1920. Many people argue that here in the United States, some people still are denied civil, political, or social rights.