This document discusses citizenship, including how it is acquired and lost. It defines citizenship as membership in a state that provides rights and requires allegiance. There are four ways of acquiring citizenship - by birth, naturalization, marriage, or reacquisition after loss. Citizenship can be lost through naturalization in another country, renouncing one's citizenship, certain military service, or cancellation of naturalization. The document outlines the responsibilities of citizens to their state, such as loyalty, participation, and upholding laws.

1. Pat Ray M. Dagapioso

2. Citizenship
• It is the status of being a citizen possessed
with all the rights and privileges.
• Accorded with full civil and political rights.
• Citizens were expected of allegiance to their
mother state.

3. Citizenship
• How can a person be considered a citizen of a
state?

4. Citizenship
• Citizens – members of a community who have
associated and submitted themselves to the
authority of a government for the promotion
of their welfare and protection of their rights
from within and outside the territory of a
state.

5. Four Classes
of
Citizens in the Philippines

6. Four Classes of Philippine
Citizens
• 1. Those who are citizens of the
Philippines at the adoption of the
1987 Constitution
• 2. Those whose fathers or
mothers are citizens of the
Philippines (jus sanguinis)

7. Four Classes of Philippine
Citizens
• 3. Those born before January 17,
1973 of Filipino mothers, who
elect Philippine citizenship after
reaching the age of majority.
• 4. Those who are naturalized in
accordance with law.

8. Ways of Acquiring Citizenship

9. Ways of Acquiring Citizenship
• 1. Citizenship by Birth
• 2. Citizenship by Naturalization
• 3. Citizenship by Marriage

10. Citizenship by Birth

11. Citizenship by Birth
• An individual acquires citizenship at the time
of birth under two general principles.
• Through:
– 1. Jus Sanguinis
– 2. Jus Soli

12. Jus Sanguinis
• Latin, ‘right of blood’
• Blood relationship is basis for the
determination of citizenship.
• Practiced in the Philippines.
• Citizens from birth, are called
natural-born citizens.

13. Jus Sanguinis
• This is also practiced in:
• Russia, Spain, Bulgaria, Japan,
Serbia, India, Italy, China, Belgium

14. Jus Soli
• Latin, ‘right of place’
• This principle of citizenship
pertains to acquiring of
citizenship through the place of
birth irrespective of the parent’s
citizenship.

15. Jus Soli
• Practiced and applied in the
United States.
• Practiced in almost all American
States
• Australia, United Kingdom,
France, New Zealand, Germany

16. Citizenship by Naturalization

17. Citizenship by Naturalization
• This is the formal adoption of an alien into the
political body of a nation vesting upon him
most of the rights and privileges of a citizen.

18. Citizenship by Naturalization
Types of Naturalization:
1. Individual
2. Group

19. Citizenship by Naturalization
Types of Naturalization:
1. Individual
An alien wishes to acquire citizenship of a
country other than his own.
2. Group
Citizens of a territory of a colonizer-state may
be collectively naturalized as citizens of a
colonizer-state.

20. Citizenship by Naturalization
Individual Naturalization
Can be by:
1. By Judicial Process
2. By Legislation

21. Citizenship by Naturalization
Individual Naturalization
Can be by:
1. By Judicial Process
A foreigner is required to possess certain
prescribed qualifications such as: age, residence, good
moral character and other qualification.
2. By Legislation
By means of a statute a foreigner becomes a
citizen of the country. Either the foreigner has made a
noble contribution to the state.

22. Filipino Naturalization Process
• 1. Filing of declaration of intention one year
prior to the Office of the Solicitor General
• 2. Filing of the petition, with affidavit of two
credible Filipino citizens
• 3. Publication of the petition
• 4. Actual residence in the Philippines

23. Filipino Naturalization Process
• 5. Hearing of the Petition.
• 6. Promulgation of the Decision.
• 7. Hearing after 2 years.
• 8. Oath-taking and issuance of the certificate
of naturalization.

24. Citizenship by Marriage

25. Citizenship by Marriage
• An acquisition of citizenship by the wife of the
citizenship of his husband.
• Depends on the laws of the husband.

26. Can Citizenship be Lost?

27. Can a Citizenship be Lost?
YES!!!

28. Can a Citizenship be Lost?
1. Naturalization in a foreign
country.
2. Expressed renunciation of
citizenship.
3. By service in the armed forces of
another country.

29. Can a Citizenship be Lost?
4. Declaration by a competent
authority of being a deserter from
the armed forces of his country.
5. By cancellation of the certificate of
naturalization.
6. Swearing allegiance to another
country by 21 years old.

30. ‘John is a natural-born Filipino. He
went to America to look for a job.
He went on to work for 3 years.
After 5 more years, he applied for
naturalization in the US. But a year
after, he wanted to revert back to
being a Filipino.’
Can John reacquire his citizenship?

31. !!!YES!!!

32. Reacquisition of Citizenship
1. This is known as repatriation.
2. Lost citizenship may be
reacquired through three ways:
A. By naturalization
B. By swearing of allegiance
C. By legislation.

33. As Citizens, what do we do after?

34. Being citizens accrue responsibilities
and roles…

35. Roles of Citizens
• 1. Loyalty to the Country
• 2. Defense of the State
• 3. Participation in the Devleopment and Welfare
of the State
• 4. Upholding the Constitution and Obedience to
the Laws of the Land
• 5. Exercise of Suffrage and Participation in the
Electoral Process

36. The End