chapter 11 for research

1. Warm Up
Pick up IQ test off of the
overhead. Take IQ test

2. Chapter 11 pt. 1: Measuring
“Intelligence”


3. Measuring Intelligence
Intelligence Tests: tests for
assessing a person’s mental
abilities and comparing them
with the abilities of other
people, by means of
numerical scores.

4. Origins of Intelligence Tests
 Alfred Binet, a french
psychologist, is most often
considered to be the pioneer
of the intelligence testing
movement.
 What was Binet’s purpose for
developing his tests?
 Assumed children follow the
same course of intellectual
development, but some
development faster and
slower then others

5. Alfred Binet and Intelligence
Tests
 Binet’s looked to identify a child’s:
 Mental Age: chronological age that most
typically corresponds to a given level of
performance.
A child who does as well as the average 8-
year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
 Binet did not believe his test measured inborn
intelligence.
 Tests predicted how well the children
handle schoolwork
 Purpose was to ID children who need help

6. Lewis Terman and Intelligence
Tests
 Lewis Terman, an
American psychologist at
Stanford, adapted Binet’s
test in an attempt to
measure what he thought
was inherited
intelligence.
 Stanford-Binet: refers to
the widely used revision of
Binet’s original
intelligence test.

7. IQ Tests
 In an attempt to measure inherited intelligence,
tests developed the “IQ.”
 IQ: (intelligence quotient): defined
originally the ratio of mental age (ma) to
chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100
IQ = ma/ca x 100)
Not used today; not accurate for adults
 on contemporary tests it is the average
performance for a given age is assigned a
score of 100

8. Eugenics

9. The Normal Curve
Ninety-five percent
of all people fall
within 30 points
of 100
Number
of
scores
55 70 85 100 115 130 145
Wechsler intelligence score
Sixty-eight percent
of people score
within 15 points
above or below 100

10. “Intelligence” is Hard to Define
 Intelligence is often defined as the
ability to learn from experience, solve
problems, and use knowledge to adapt
to new situations.
 Intelligence is not a “thing” it is an
abstract concept…an IQ is simply a
score on an intelligence test.
 What types of things are usually NOT
measured on an IQ test that might
illustrate “intelligence?”

11. Is Intelligence a Singular Ability?
 To measure general ability within specific
mental abilities a statistical method is used
called:
 Factor Analysis: used to identify clusters
of related items (called factors) on a test;
used to identify different dimensions of
performance that underlie one’s total.
Ex: People who do well on vocabulary items
also usually do well on paragraph
comprehension…which are both related to
the verbal intelligence factor.

12. Charles Spearman and The G-
Factor
 General intelligence (g):
Spearman’s belief that
there was a factor that
underlied specific
mental abilities and was
therefore measured by
every task on an
intelligence test.
 Specific intelligences
tended to be positively
correlated.

13. Broadening Theory of
Intelligence
 Savant Syndrome: a
condition in which a
person otherwise
limited in mental ability
has an exceptional
specific skill.
Many are autistic
4/5 are male
 How does this relate to
the g-factor?

14. Howard Gardner and Multiple
Intelligences
 From a biological point of view,
Gardner has noted that brain
damage often may diminish
some abilities but not
others.
 Gardner argues humans do not
have an intelligence but instead
multiple intelligences which
are relatively independent of the
others.

15. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
 Gardner argues there are 8 intelligences:
1. Verbal Linguistic 5. Auditory-musical
2. Logical-mathematical 6. Interpersonal
3. Visual Spatial 7. Intrapersonal
4. Body-kinesthetic
What do traditional IQ tests measure?

16. Robert Sternberg and “Successful
Intelligence”
 Sternberg looked to overcome the fact that
although IQ tests predicted school tests
relatively well, they did less well predicting
vocational success.
 Sternberg’s 3 Aspects of Intelligence:
1. Analytical Intelligence: (academic
problem solving)
2. Creative Intelligence: (reacting to new
situations and creating new ideas)
3. Practical Intelligence: (often required
for everyday tasks, “common sense”)

17. More “Intelligences?”
 Social Intelligence
the know-how involved in
comprehending social situations and
managing oneself successfully
 Emotional Intelligence
-ability to perceive, express,
understand, and regulate emotions
-critical part of social intelligence

18. Multifactor Emotional Intelligence
Scale (MEIS)
Measures how ppl:
1. Perceive emotions
2. Understand emotions
3. Regulate emotions

19. Intelligence and Creativity
 Creativity- ability to produce ideas
that are both novel and valuable
5 Parts
1. Expertise
2. Imaginative Thinking Skills
3. Venturesome Personality
4. Intrinsic Motivation
5. A Creative Environment

20. Remote Associates Test
1. Call Pay Line ____________
2. End Burning Blue ____________
3. Man Hot Sure ____________
4. Man Wheel High ____________
5. Blue Cake Cottage ____________
6. Motion Poke Down __________
7. Stool Powder Ball ____________

21. 1. Phone
2. Book
3. Fire
4. Chair
5. Cheese
6. Slow
7. Foot

22. Is Intelligence Neurologically
Measurable?
.15 correlation
between head size and
intelligence score.
.44 correlation between
brain size and
intelligence score.
What all effects the size
of your brain?

23. Is Intelligence Neurologically
Measurable?
Einstein’s brain was
15% larger in the
parietal lobe’s lower
region…center for
mathematical
processing and
spatial information.
But smaller in some
other regions.

24. Is Intelligence Neurologically
Measurable?
Brain Glucose Consumption:
high performers on tasks consume
LESS glucose when performing
cognitive tasks.

25. Is Intelligence Neurologically
Measurable?
 Perceptual
Speed: People
who can perceive
the stimulus very
quickly tend to
score somewhat
higher on
intelligence tests
Stimulus Mask
Question: Long side on left or right?

26. Assessing Intelligence: Aptitude
vs. Achievement Test
 Aptitude Tests: are tests designed to
predict a person’s future performance.
SAT’s and GRE’s
 Achievement Test: a test designed to
assess what a person has learned.
Midterm Psych exam, chapter 3 history
test, etc.

27. Assessing Intelligence
 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
most widely used intelligence test
subtests
verbal
performance (nonverbal)
Also a WISC (Wechsler Intelligence
Test for Children).

28. Assessing Intelligence- Sample Items
from the WAIS
From Thorndike and Hagen, 1977
VERBAL
General Information
Similarities
Arithmetic Reasoning
Vocabulary
Comprehension
Digit Span
PERFORMANCE
Picture Completion
Picture Arrangement
Block Design
Object Assembly
Digit-Symbol Substitution

29. WAIS SAMPLE

30. WAIS SAMPLE