1) The document discusses decision making, including defining it as the mental process of selecting an action from alternatives, and differentiating it from problem analysis which must precede decision making. 2) It also discusses tools for decision making, specifically decision support systems which use a database, models, and interfaces to help businesses and organizations make rapidly changing decisions. 3) Decision support systems provide benefits like improved efficiency, faster problem solving, and competitive advantages for organizations.

1. Chapter 6 - Pertemuan 8

2. Today’s Lessons
Decision Making
 Definition
 Problem Analysis
 Decision Making
Tools for Decision Making
 Decision Support Systems

3. Definition
 Decision making can be regarded as the
mental processes (cognitive process) resulting
in the selection of a course of action among
several alternatives.
 Every decision making process produces a final
choice.
 The output can be an action or an opinion of
choice.

4. Problem Analysis vs. Decision
Making
 It's important to differentiate between problem
analysis and decision making.
 The concepts are completely separate from one
another.
 Problem analysis must be done first, then the
information gathered in that process may be
used towards decision making.

5. Problem Analysis
 Analyze performance, what should the results be against what they
actually are
 Problems are merely deviations from performance standards
 Problem must be precisely identified and described
 Problems are caused by some change from a distinctive feature
 Something can always be used to distinguish between what has and
hasn't been effected by a cause
 Causes to problems can be deducted from relevant changes found
in analyzing the problem
 Most likely cause to a problem is the one that exactly explains all the
facts

6. Decision Making
 Objectives must first be established
 Objectives must be classified and placed in order of importance
 Alternative actions must be developed
 The alternative must be evaluated against all the objectives
 The alternative that is able to achieve all the objectives is the
tentative decision
 The tentative decision is evaluated for more possible consequences
 The decisive actions are taken, and additional actions are taken to
prevent any adverse consequences from becoming problems and
starting both systems (problem analysis and decision making) all
over again

7. Decision Support System
 A decision support systems (DSS) is a
computer-based information system that
supports business or organizational decision-
making activities.
 DSSs serve the management, operations, and
planning levels of an organization and help to
make decisions, which may be rapidly changing
and not easily specified in advance.

8.  Component of DSS
 the database (or knowledge base),
 the model (i.e., the decision context and user criteria), and
 the user interface.
 Area supported by DSS
 Personal Support,
 Group Support, and
 Organizational Support

9.  Benefit of DSS
 Improves personal efficiency
 Speeds up problem solving in an organization
 Facilitates interpersonal communication
 Promotes learning or training
 Increases organizational control
 Generates new evidence in support of a decision
 Creates a competitive advantage over competition
 Encourages exploration and discovery on the part of the
decision maker
 Reveals new approaches to thinking about the problem space
 Helps automate managerial processes

10. POST TEST
 Urutkan dari simpel ke kompleks dan beri penjelasan
 Database, Field, File, Record
 Informasi, Data, Knowledge
 Extranet, Internet, Intranet
 Jelaskan perbedaan antara :
 SI dan TI
 Input Device dan Output Device
 Operating System dan Software
 Client Server dan Peer to Peer
 Relational Database dan Object Oriented Database

11. To Search
 E-Commerce
 Online Transaction Procedure
 B2B
 B2C
 C2C
 Software
 Open Source
 Propietary
 Release Information

12. Selesai