The document discusses the trial balance process in accounting. It explains that a trial balance is a list of account balances arranged by debit and credit columns, and is used to check that the total debits equal total credits. This ensures each transaction has both a debit and credit entry. However, some errors will not be caught by a balanced trial balance. The trial balance is prepared at the end of an accounting period before financial statements.

1. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.1
Chapter 6
The trial balance
Frank Wood’s
Business Accounting 1

2. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.2
Learning objectives
After finishing this chapter, you will be able to:
 Prepare a trial balance from a set of accounts;
 Explain why the debit and credit trial balance
totals should equal one another;
 Explain why some of the possible errors that can
be made when double entries are being entered
in the accounts do not prevent the trial balance
from ‘balancing’;
 Describe uses for a trial balance other than to
check for double entry errors.

3. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.3
Review of
double entry bookkeeping
 For each debit entry, there is a credit entry and
for each credit entry, there is a debit entry.
 The total of all the items recorded in all the
accounts on the debit side should equal the total
of all the items recorded on the credit side of the
accounts.
 To check that there is a matching credit entry for
every debit entry, we prepare a trial balance.

4. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.4
The trial balance
The trial balance is a list of account
balances arranged according to whether
they are debit balances or credit balances.

5. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.5
Drawing up a trial balance
The first stage is to balance each T-account.

6. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.6
Drawing up a trial balance
(Continued)

7. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.7
The second stage is to enter the account
balances into the appropriate column.
Drawing up a trial balance
(Continued)

8. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.8
Drawing up a trial balance
(Continued)

9. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.9
 The trial balance always has the date of the last
day of the accounting period to which it relates. It
is a snapshot of the balances on the ledger
accounts at that date.
 The totals of the two columns must always
match.
 A trial balance can be drawn up at any time but it
is normal practice to prepare one at the end of an
accounting period before preparing an income
statement and statement of financial position.
Drawing up a trial balance
(Continued)

10. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.10
Trial balances and errors
 It is easy to assume that if the trial balance
balances, the entries in the accounts must be
correct. However, there are several types of
error that will not affect the balancing of a trial
balance.
 Errors that are revealed include: addition
errors; using one figure for the debit entry
and another for the credit entry; entering only
one side of the transaction.

11. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.11
Inventory in the trial balance
 The closing inventory figure is not found in an
account in the ledger and so does not appear
in the trial balance. It is noted underneath the
total figure and incorporated into the financial
statements later.
 Opening inventory is recorded in a ledger
account and so would be included in a trial
balance prepared.

12. Frank Wood and Alan Sangster, Frank Wood’s Business Accounting 1, 14th Edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2018
Slide 6.12
Learning outcomes
You should have now learnt:
1. How to prepare a trial balance.
2. That trial balances are one form of checking
the accuracy of entries in the accounts.
3. That errors can be made in the entries to the
accounts that will not be shown up by the trial
balance.
4. That the trial balance is used as the basis for
preparing income statements and statement of
financial position.