Modal verbs are used to express hypothetical conditions, suggestions, obligations, and more. The main modal verbs in English are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. They are used to talk about ability, possibility, likelihood, necessity, obligation, habit, requests, offers, and permission. Understanding how and when to use different modal verbs is important for showing probability, capability, and other conditional meanings in English.
WHAT IS INTENTION ???
Merriam-Webster.com defines intention as a determination to act in a certain way.
As shared in “When your Relationships are Good, your Life is Good”, an intention is a clear and positive statement of an outcome you want to experience.
An intention is a goal, or vision, that guides your activities, thoughts, attitudes, and choices.
Language features
To express intention , we usually use :
Simple Future Tense
Would like …
Would rather…
Examples of expressing intention
-I'm going to ...-I would like to ...- (Yes, I think) I will ...- I am planning to ...- I have decided ...- I'm thinking of ...- I intend to ....- My intention is to ...- Perhaps/ May be I will ..
This presentation explains Modal Verbs: their meaning, use and form. It has an activity at the end so you can practice after reading the grammar explanation.
WHAT IS INTENTION ???
Merriam-Webster.com defines intention as a determination to act in a certain way.
As shared in “When your Relationships are Good, your Life is Good”, an intention is a clear and positive statement of an outcome you want to experience.
An intention is a goal, or vision, that guides your activities, thoughts, attitudes, and choices.
Language features
To express intention , we usually use :
Simple Future Tense
Would like …
Would rather…
Examples of expressing intention
-I'm going to ...-I would like to ...- (Yes, I think) I will ...- I am planning to ...- I have decided ...- I'm thinking of ...- I intend to ....- My intention is to ...- Perhaps/ May be I will ..
This presentation explains Modal Verbs: their meaning, use and form. It has an activity at the end so you can practice after reading the grammar explanation.
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3. Modal Verbs
What are modal verbs?
Modal verbs are used to express certain hypothetical conditions, such as advice, capability, or requests.
Consider the difference between these two examples:
• I swim every Tuesday.
• I can swim every Tuesday.
The first example is a simple factual statement. The speaker participates in a swimming activity every
week on Tuesdays.
The second example uses the modal verb can. Notice how the meaning changes slightly. The speaker
does not swim every Tuesday; they’re saying they are capable of swimming every Tuesday if they need
to. It’s hypothetical.
4. Modal Verbs
When are modal verbs used?
Likelihood
Some things seem likely, but we don’t know for sure. In these cases, you
can use the modal verbs should and must to show probability without
certainty.
• Her parents must be so proud.
• My baby brother should be asleep by now.
7. Modal Verbs
When are modal verbs used?
Possibility
In situations when something is possible but not certain, use the modal
verbs could, may, or might.
• Judging by the clouds, it might rain today.
• He may become the youngest professional soccer player ever.
8. Modal Verbs
When are modal verbs used?
Suggestion/advice
What if you want to recommend something, but not command it? If
you’re giving suggestions or advice without ordering someone around,
you can use the modal verb should.
• You should try the lasagna.
• That guy should wear less cologne.
11. Modal Verbs
When are modal verbs used?
Obligation or necessity
Modal verbs can express a necessary action, such as an obligation, duty,
or requirement. Likewise, the negative form expresses that an action is
not necessary. Use the same modal verbs as with commands: must, have
to, or need to.
• We have to wait for our boss to arrive before we open.
• You don’t need to come if you don’t want to.
12. Modal Verbs
When are modal verbs used?
Habit
To show an ongoing or habitual action—something the subject does
regularly—you can use the modal verb would for the past tense and will
for the present and future. The phrase used to is also acceptable if you’re
talking about a habit that no longer exists.
• When I lived alone, I would fall asleep with music.
• I will arrive early and leave late to every meeting.
13. As a child, she _____ always write in her journal
before going to sleep.
Will
Would
14. As a child, she _____ always write in her journal
before going to sleep.
Will
Would
15. Tomorrow, in the morning, he _____ go for a run in
the park.
Will
Would
16. Tomorrow, in the morning, he _____ go for a run in
the park.
Will
Would
17. Last summer, he _____ always take his dog for a walk
in the evening.
Will
Would
18. Last summer, he would always take his dog for a
walk in the evening.
Will
Would
19. Ability
We use can and can't to talk about someone's skill or general abilities:
• She can speak several languages.
• He can swim like a fish.
• They can't dance very well.
We use can and can't to talk about the ability to do something at a
specific time in the present or future:
• I can see you.
• Help! I can't breathe.
20. Ability
We use could and couldn't to talk about the past:
• She could speak several languages.
• I couldn't see you.
21. John _____ Speak German really well. He sounds
like a native.
Could
Can
22. John _____ Speak German really well. He sounds
like a native.
Could
Can
23. When I was a boy, I _____ run 30 kilometers.
Could
Can
24. When I was a boy, I _____ run 30 kilometers.
Could
Can
31. I _____ juggle three balls at once, no mater how hard
I try.
Couldn’t
Can’t
32. I _____ juggle three balls at once, no mater how hard
I try.
Couldn’t
Can’t
33. He _____ jump over the fence when he was younger.
Couldn’t
Can’t
34. He _____ jump over the fence when he was younger.
Couldn’t
Can’t
35. I _____ bake delicious chocolate chip cookies, right
now.
Couldn’t
Can’t
36. I _____ bake delicious chocolate chip cookies, right
now.
Couldn’t
Can’t
37. Requests
We use could you … and would you … as polite ways of telling or asking
someone to do something:
• Could you take a message, please?
• Would you carry this for me, please?
can and will are less polite:
• Can you take a message, please?
• Will you carry this for me, please?
38. Offers and invitations
We use can I … to make offers:
• Can I help you?
• Can I do that for you?
We can also use shall I …:
• Shall I help you with that?
• Shall I call you on your mobile?
In formal English, Shall will be used to explain and describe the events
that will happen in the future.
41. Offers and invitations
We sometimes say I can ... or I could ... or I'll (I will) ... to make an offer:
• I can do that for you if you like.
• I could give you a lift to the station.
• I'll do that for you if you like.
• I'll give you a lift to the station.
42. Offers and invitations
We use would you like (to) ... for invitations:
• Would you like to come round tomorrow?
• Would you like another drink?
We can use you must … or we must … for a very polite invitation:
• You must come round and see us.
• We must meet again soon.
49. Asking for permission
We use can to ask for permission to do something:
• Can I ask a question, please?
• Can we go home now?
could is more formal and polite than can:
• Could I ask a question, please?
• Could we go home now?
50. Asking for permission
may is another more formal and polite way of asking
for permission:
• May I ask a question, please?
• May we go home now?
53. Giving permission
We use can to give permission:
• You can go home now.
• You can borrow my pen if you like.
may is a more formal and polite way of giving
permission:
• You may go home now.
54. Giving permission
We use can to say that someone has permission to do
something:
• We can go out whenever we want.
• Students can travel for free.
may is a more formal and polite way of saying that someone
has permission:
• Students may travel for free.
55. Refusing permission
We use can't and may not to refuse permission or say
that someone does not have permission:
• You can't go home yet.
• Students may not travel for free.
58. 'Will' and ‘Would'
We use will:
• to express beliefs about the present or future
• to talk about what people want to do or are willing to do
• to make promises, offers and requests.
Would is the past tense form of will. Because it is a past tense, it is used:
• to talk about the past
• to talk about hypotheses (when we imagine something)
• for politeness.
59. 'Will' and ‘Would'
Beliefs
We use will to express beliefs about the present or future:
• John will be in his office. (present)
• We'll be late. (future)
• We will have to take the train. (future)
We use would as the past of will, to describe past beliefs about the future:
• I thought we would be late, so we would have to take the train.
62. 'Will' and ‘Would'
Willingness
We use will:
• to talk about what people want to do or are willing to do:
• We'll see you tomorrow.
• Perhaps Dad will lend me the car.
to talk about typical behavior, things that we often do (because we are
willing to do them):
• We always spend our holidays at our favorite hotel at the seaside. We'll
get up early every morning and have a quick breakfast then we'll go
across the road to the beach.
64. 'Will' and ‘Would'
We use would as the past tense of will:
to talk about what people wanted to do or were willing to do in the past:
• We had a terrible night. The baby wouldn't go to sleep.
• Dad wouldn't lend me the car, so we had to take the train.
to talk about typical behavior, things that we often did (because we were willing to
do them) in the past:
• When they were children they used to spend their holidays at their grandmother's
at the seaside. They'd get up early every morning and have a quick breakfast. Then
they'd run across the road to the beach.
65. 'Will' and ‘Would'
Promises, offers and requests
We use I will or We will to make promises and offers:
• I'll give you a lift home after the party.
• We'll come and see you next week.
We use Will you … ? or Would you … ? to make requests:
• Will you carry this for me, please?
• Would you please be quiet?
80. Modal Verbs for Deduction/Conclusions:
Must: Used to express a strong deduction or conclusion based on
evidence or logical reasoning. In other words, guessing if something is
likely to be true.
We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's the only
realistic possibility.
Example:
• He must be tired after working all day.
• This must be her house. I can see her car in the garage.
• He must live near here because he always walks to work.
82. Modal Verbs for Deduction/Conclusions:
Might/May/Could: Used to express a possibility or a weaker deduction.
We use might, may or could to say that we think something is possible
but we're not sure.
Example:
• She might be running late due to traffic.
• He's not answering. He could be in a meeting.
• Unfortunately, the ferry may be delayed due to the bad weather.
83. Modal Verbs for Deduction/Conclusions:
Can't/Couldn't: Used to express a strong negative deduction or
conclusion.
We use them when we’re sure something isn’t possible.
Example:
• He can't have left already; his car is still in the parking lot.
• It can't be far now. We've been driving for three hours.
• It can't be easy for her, raising those three kids on her own.