1) The document is a letter from Octavius to his brother Candidus requesting money to purchase grain, as he will lose the deposit he put down without cash. He asks Candidus to send money as soon as possible.
2) The letter provides insights into economic activity and infrastructure in Roman Britain, including monetary exchanges, financial transactions, taxation, and a rudimentary postal system.
3) After the Romans left Britain in 411AD, the region deteriorated without Roman institutions and infrastructure, remaining less developed than the rest of Europe for much of the medieval period. However, England would eventually become the first truly inclusive society.
Brics- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South AfricaMicky Lyf
BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.The grouping was originally known as "BRIC" before the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries.
It shows the Working, Functions and Members of BRICS, objectives, important Summit, effects, advantages, disadvantages, financial Contribution and The BRICS Bank.
China’s recent moves, including its aggression in the South China Sea and transgressions and deadly clashes across the Line of Actual Control (LAC), may prove to be the tipping point that makes India join Quadrilateral Security Group that will have far-reaching implications for regional and global security.
Asian Financial Crisis in 1997
Asia before Financial Crisis
Beginning of Asian Financial Crisis
Affected countries from Asian financial Crisis
End of Asian Financial Crisis
IMF role during Asian financial crisis
3 Causes of Asian Financial Crisis
Impact of Asian Financial Crisis to:
Thailand
Philippines
Malaysia
Japan
How these countries overcame the Crisis
Current developments to Avoid future financial crisis
This is a critical analysis of IMF and its importance and influence in modern day international trade and marketing. Prepared for an International Marketing Assignment.
Brics- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South AfricaMicky Lyf
BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.The grouping was originally known as "BRIC" before the inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all developing or newly industrialised countries.
It shows the Working, Functions and Members of BRICS, objectives, important Summit, effects, advantages, disadvantages, financial Contribution and The BRICS Bank.
China’s recent moves, including its aggression in the South China Sea and transgressions and deadly clashes across the Line of Actual Control (LAC), may prove to be the tipping point that makes India join Quadrilateral Security Group that will have far-reaching implications for regional and global security.
Asian Financial Crisis in 1997
Asia before Financial Crisis
Beginning of Asian Financial Crisis
Affected countries from Asian financial Crisis
End of Asian Financial Crisis
IMF role during Asian financial crisis
3 Causes of Asian Financial Crisis
Impact of Asian Financial Crisis to:
Thailand
Philippines
Malaysia
Japan
How these countries overcame the Crisis
Current developments to Avoid future financial crisis
This is a critical analysis of IMF and its importance and influence in modern day international trade and marketing. Prepared for an International Marketing Assignment.
Gabriel Kalembo A Rising Star in the World of Football Coachinggabrielkalembous
Gabriel Kalembo is a player's coach who connects with his teams on a deep level. With a strong background in sports science and a passion for the game, Kalembo has developed a unique coaching philosophy that emphasizes player development and tactical flexibility. His ability to connect with players and create a positive team culture has led to success at every level he has coached.
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Netherlands vs Austria Netherlands Face Familiar Foes in Euro Cup Germany Gro...Eticketing.co
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However, in 2023, they played one another twice, with France endearing both matches 4-0 and 2-1 individually. Against Poland and Austria, the Netherlands also have a stout record, winning just under half the matches. They faced Austria at Euro 2020, engaging 2-0, and they haven't lost to Poland since 1979.
The lettering is on the wall for Holland to qualify for the knockouts, but nothing is failsafe. The Netherlands kickstart their Euros campaign against Poland on Sunday, June 16th. In Hamburg, they will have to go up against one of the best strikers in the world, Robert Lewandowski.
Netherlands vs Austria: Tough Challenges Await the Netherlands in Euro Cup Germany
Five days later, they travel south to face France in Leipzig, a side led by Kylian Mbappe - one of the finest players in the world currently and one of the most impressive players in his nation's history. To conclude, they face Austria in Berlin, knowing it could be the end of the road if they don't perform.
Ronald Koeman is widely considered one of the more successful Dutch managers in Premier League history, considering the nation has a reputation for struggling to replicate their talents in England. The former Everton manager went against that script and shone — and now he is back managing his nation.
UEFA Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro 2024 Tickets | Euro Cup Germany Tickets | Netherlands vs Austria Tickets
Euro fans worldwide can book Euro Cup Germany Tickets from our online platform, www.eticketing.co. Fans can book Euro Cup 2024 Tickets on our website at discounted prices.
Netherlands vs Austria: Ronald Koeman's Tactical Approach For UEFA Euro 2024
As well as being the highest-scoring defender in history, Koeman is a man with immense tactical knowledge. He returned to manage Holland at the start of 2023 after it was announced Louis van Gaal would retire. His life back in the dugout with the team wasn't easy, as he lost his first match 4-0 to France after going 3-0 down within 21 minutes.
However, he eventually helped them qualify for Euro Cup Germany. The 61-year-old likes to organize his team with a defensive mindset. Some might call it pragmatic as he defends with minimal space between the lines, but that's often needed for international football.
Narrated Business Proposal for the Philadelphia Eaglescamrynascott12
Slide 1:
Welcome, and thank you for joining me today. We will explore a strategic proposal to enhance parking and traffic management at Lincoln Financial Field, aiming to improve the overall fan experience and operational efficiency. This comprehensive plan addresses existing challenges and leverages innovative solutions to create a smoother and more enjoyable experience for our fans.
Slide 2:
Picture this: It’s a crisp fall afternoon, driving towards Lincoln Financial Field. The atmosphere is electric—tailgaters grilling, fans in Eagles jerseys creating a sea of green and white. The air buzzes with camaraderie and anticipation. You park, join the throng, and make your way to your seat. The stadium roars as the Eagles take the field, sending chills down your spine. Each play is a thrilling dance of strategy and skill. This is what being an Eagles fan is all about—the joy, the pride, and the shared experience.
Slide 3:
But now, the day is marred by frustration. The excitement wanes as you struggle to find a parking spot. The congestion is overwhelming, and tempers flare. The delays mean you miss the pre-game excitement, the tailgate camaraderie, and even the opening kick-off. After the game, the joy of victory or the shared solace of defeat is overshadowed by the stress of navigating out of the parking lot. The gridlock, honking horns, and endless waiting drain the energy and joy from what should have been an unforgettable experience.
Our proposal aims to eliminate these frustrations, ensuring that from arrival to departure, your experience is extraordinary. Efficient parking and smooth traffic flow are key to maintaining the high spirits and excitement that make game days special.
Slide 4:
The Philadelphia Eagles are not just a premier NFL team; they are an integral part of the community, hosting games, concerts, and various events at Lincoln Financial Field. Our state-of-the-art stadium is designed to provide a world-class experience for every attendee. Whether it's the thrill of game day, the excitement of a live concert, or the camaraderie of community events, we pride ourselves on delivering a fan-first experience and maintaining operational excellence across all our activities. Our commitment to our fans and community is unwavering, and we continuously strive to enhance every aspect of their experience, ensuring they leave with unforgettable memories.
Slide 5:
Recent trends show an increasing demand for efficient event logistics. Our customer feedback has consistently highlighted frustrations with parking and traffic. Surveys indicate that a significant number of fans are dissatisfied with the current parking situation. Comparisons with other venues like Citizens Bank Park and Wells Fargo Center reveal that we lag in terms of parking efficiency and convenience. These insights underscore the urgent need for innovation to meet and exceed fan expectations.
Slide 6:
As we delve into the intricacies of our operations, one glaring issue emer
Croatia vs Italy Can Luka Modrić Lead Croatia to Euro Cup Germany Glory in Hi...Eticketing.co
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According to the report, the consumption of video content related to IPL 2024 has seen significant growth, nearly 3 times more than the previous season, reflecting an increasing interest of fans.
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Indian cricketer Hardik Pandya and Serbian actress Natasha Stankovic have decided to part ways, ending a relationship that captivated fans and followers worldwide. The news of their split has been making headlines, stirring a mixture of shock, sadness, and speculation among their supporters.
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Boletin de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 Guatemala 2024Judith Chuquipul
holaesungusto.- Boletín final de la I Copa Panamericana de Voleibol Femenino U17 - Ciudad de Guatemala 2024 que se realizó del 27 de mayo al 01 de julio, en el Domo Polideportivo Zona 13.
Fuente: norceca.net
Understanding Golf Simulator Equipment A Beginner's Guide.pdfMy Garage Golf
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Match By Match Detailed Schedule Of The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024.pdfmouthhunt5
20 Teams, One Trophy: What to Expect from the ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024
The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024 is set to be an exciting event, co-hosted by the West Indies and the USA from June 1 to June 29, 2024. This edition of the tournament will feature a record 20 teams divided into four groups, competing across 55 matches for the prestigious title.
4. Off to a Good Start
• Nation of seafarers
• located in the middle of
the Mediterranean
• Economic innovation...
5. Commenda
• Joint-stock Company Importance:
Gave aspiring
• Two People: entrepreneurs a shot
to rise in society
1. fronts the capital
2. accompanies the
cargo
7. Great Council
• Most powerful political body
• Made up of the wealthy elite: judges,
aristocrats, etc.
• 100 new members nominated each year
• Nominated other committees
8. Council of Forty
• Appointed by the Great Council
• performed various executive and legislative
tasks
Ducal Council
• Elected along with the Doge
• Ensured the Doge could not gain absolute
power & obeyed the Great Council
9. Doge
• Governor of Venice
• Selected by a committee appointed by the
Great Council
10. Committees
The Great Council also appointed several
committees:
• Committee to nominate the Doge
• Committee to nominate new members of the
Great Council
14. Council
of Forty
Great
Council
Doge
Doge Nominators
15. Council
of Forty
Ducal
Council
Great
Council
Doge
Doge Nominators
16. Council
of Forty New
Ducal
Member
Council
Committee
Great
Council
Doge
Doge Nominators
17. Further Innovation
The Inclusive political landscape led to both
political and economic innovation
• Courts
• Modern Banking Systems
• Bankrupcy laws
18. Creative Destruction
• Finite amounts of wealth,
trade, etc.
• New comers took
business away from the
established elite
• Wealthy council
members are tempted to
abuse their power
20. Oct 3rd, 1286
Motion to allow
Great Council to veto
nominations is defeated
21. Oct 3rd, 1286
Motion to allow
Great Council to veto
nominations is defeated
Oct 5th, 1286
Descendants of
previous Great Council
members don’t need
confirmation
22. Oct 3rd, 1286
Motion to allow
Great Council to veto
nominations is defeated
Oct 5th, 1286
Descendants of
previous Great Council
members don’t need
confirmation
Oct 17th, 1286
GC appointments
require approval of
Council of Forty, Doge
& Ducal Council
23. Feb 1297
La Serrata - Current
Great Council
members are
automatically nominated
24. Feb 1297
La Serrata - Current
Great Council
members are
automatically nominated
Sept 11th, 1297
Confirmation is no
longer required for
current members and
their families
25. Feb 1297
La Serrata - Current
Great Council
members are
automatically nominated
Sept 11th, 1297
Confirmation is no
longer required for
current members and
their families
1315
Libro d’Oro
(“gold book”) is created:
the official registry of the
Venetian Nobility
27. Venice Today:
• “Venice went from an economic powerhouse
to a museum”
• Tourism based economy
• They only make money when others are
willing to spend
28. Was there a flaw in the
Venetian system?
Does our political system
have similar flaws?
32. Senate
• Held the real political power
• Created by Rome’s first King, Romulus
• Originally comprised of 100 men
• Members were all large land owners
33. Magistrates
• Governed sections of the empire
• Elected only for 1-year terms
• Consequently, it was difficult for any one
magistrate to consolidate power
34. Plebian Assembly
• A collective of Roman citizens
• many were “citizen-soldiers” or small land
owners who fought for the republic when the
need arose and returned home when the
fighting was over
• Created by secession in the 5th century BC
• Elected the Plebian Tribune
35. Plebian Tribune
• Had the power to veto actions by the
magistrates
• Could also propose legislation
• Represented the Plebians to the Senate
36. Slaves
• Rome had many slaves as a result of the
conquest of Europe and other areas
• Slaves have no rights to vote or own property
42. Carbon Dating
• Scientists are able to determine the relative
age of the ship by carbon dating the ship or its
contents
• 20 Roman ships have been been dated as far
back as 500 BC
• Greatest count peaks around 180 ships but
then declines
43. Greenland Ice
Cores
• Scientists can measure pollution throughout
history by sampling hundreds of feet of Ice
• Starting around 500 BC there was a distinct
increase in pollutants
• The increase was much higher than levels in
the periods both before and after
45. Augustus
• Strengthened the aristocracy against the
common citizen
• Created the Pretorian Guard - a standing
professional army
Emperor Tiberius
• Abolished the Plebian Assembly and
transferred its power to the Senate
46. Land Distribution
• As the empire expanded, wars were fought
farther away and lasted longer
• Soldiers couldn’t maintain their estates and
support their families
• Wealthy members of the senatorial class
absorbed small land plots as they were
abandoned
• The rich got richer...
47. Tiberius Gracchus
• Belonged to a long
established aristocratic
family
• Member of the Plebian
Tribune
• Opposed the aristocratic
majority and pushed for
land reforms
48. Tiberius Gracchus
• Went back and forth with the Senate,
attempting to form a commission to investigate
• Tried to get reelected to the Tribune
• Clubbed to death by his cousin and thrown in a
river...
49. “Coloni”
• Agricultural workers reduced to a semi-servile
status
• Discussed extensively in Roman legal
documents like the Codex Theodosanius &
Codex Justinianus
• Landlords were progressively given more
power over them
50. ad 284 to 305
Coloni originate under
Diocletian
51. ad 284 to 305
Coloni originate under
Diocletian
332 ad
Constantine allows
landlords to chain coloni
suspected of trying to
escape
52. ad 284 to 305
Coloni originate under
Diocletian
332 ad
Constantine allows
landlords to chain coloni
suspected of trying to
escape
365 ad
Coloni may only sell their
property with the
permission of the landlord
53. Technology
• State controlled
innovation (similar to
USSR)
• Perfected existing
technologies but never
really innovated
• Works when the state
wants to innovate, but
breaks down over time
54. The Roman Empire
existed for nearly 1,000
years before the it
crumbled.
Is it possible that a
similar fate awaits
57. The Letter
Octavius to his brother Candidus, greetings. I have several
times written to you that I have bought about five thousand
modii of ears of grain, on account of which I need cash.
Unless you send me some cash, at least five hundred denarii,
the result will be that I shall lose what I have laid out as a
deposit, about three hundred denarii, and I shall be
embarrassed. So, I ask you, send me some cash as soon as
possible. The hides which you write are at Cataractonium—
write that they be given to me and the wagon about which you
write. I would have already been to collect them except that I
did not care to injure the animals while the roads are bad. See
with Tertius about the 8 ½ denarii which he received from
Fatalis. He has not credited them to my account. Make sure
that you send me cash so that I may have ears of grain on the
threshing-floor. Greet Spectatus and Firmus. Farewell.
58. England Under
Rome
• Advanced monetary economy with financial
services
• Constructed roads (though they may have
been in a state of disrepair)
• Fiscal system → taxes to pay wages
• Rudimentary postal service
60. England Post-
Empire
• For most of history England lagged behind the
rest of Europe and the Middle East
• After the Romans left, the British Isles
deteriorated once more into a backwater
• Despite that, England would go on to become
the first truly inclusive society
810 AD - Independence. Europe’s economy recovering from the collapse of Rome\n
Venice was set:\n1. nation of seafarers\n2. located in the middle of the Mediterranean - access to the East and the West\n3. IMPORTANT: economic innovation \n
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Like the Soviet Union -- Impressive growth at first\nUnbreakable Glass Anecdote\n