Israel and Pakistan
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Israel initially attempted to establish diplomatic relations with Pakistan after Israel declared independence in 1948, but Pakistan focused on maintaining unity with Arab states against Israel. Pakistan openly refused to recognize Israel in 1955 and aided Arab countries in conflicts with Israel. Despite occasional gestures like offering aid during Pakistan's 1970 floods, neither country established formal ties due to Pakistan's alliance with Arab states and Israel's growing relationship with India. Pakistan remains officially unrecognized by Israel.
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Foreign policy of Pakistan in era of bilateralism 1962-1979
Pakistan's foreign policy from 1962-1979 transitioned from non-alignment to bilateralism. During the transition phase from 1962-1970, Pakistan strengthened relations with China and the USSR after the Sino-Indian war of 1962. The fall of Dhaka in 1971 damaged Pakistan's relations as the USSR withdrew support. From 1972-1979 under Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan pursued bilateral relations with China, the US, and others to balance relations after India's 1974 nuclear tests. However, US cuts to Pakistan in 1979 harmed their foreign policy goals.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Pakistan has pursued different foreign policy approaches throughout its history based on changing geopolitical circumstances. Initially, it explored friendly relations with all countries after independence. It then aligned with Western countries during the Cold War, joining organizations like SEATO and CENTO. From the 1960s, Pakistan transitioned to bilateral relations and non-alignment. It supported Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion and rebuilt ties with the US. Following the Cold War, Pakistan pursued a nuclear program and dealt with insurgencies while maintaining strategic relations with China and others. Since 9/11, Pakistan has played an active but difficult role in counterterrorism efforts while seeking to promote regional peace and stability.
Pak-Afghan Relations in post 9-11 era: A case study of Durand line security b...
This document outlines the history of relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan from Pakistan's independence in 1947 to the post-9/11 era. It discusses the tensions caused by the disputed Durand Line border and Afghanistan's claims over Pashtun areas in Pakistan. The relations progressed through phases of hostility over the border issues, cooperation against the Soviet invasion, civil war after the Soviets withdrew, Taliban rule with Pakistani support, and renewed tensions after 9/11 when Pakistan joined the US in fighting terrorists along the border. The document argues that securing the border and increasing cultural exchange could help resolve tensions, while a peaceful dialogue is needed to settle disputes over the Durand Line.
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The document summarizes the evolution of Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 to the present in three phases. The first phase from 1947-1962 saw Pakistan explore relationships with all countries while initially aligning with the West. The second phase from 1962-1990 was a transition away from complete alignment with the West towards bilateralism and non-alignment. The third phase from 1990 onward dealt with the post-Cold War era, Pakistan's nuclear development, the war in Afghanistan, and recent counterterrorism efforts. Pakistan's foreign policy has aimed to balance national security, economic interests, Islamic solidarity, and peaceful relations while remaining non-aligned.
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Foreign policy involves a state using political influence to induce other states to exercise their lawmaking power in a way that benefits the influencing state. It aims to protect territorial integrity and citizen interests both within and outside the state. Additionally, foreign policy seeks to maintain international links through policies of conflict or cooperation to promote national interests like security, self-preservation, and economic and political goals. A country's foreign policy is determined by internal factors like geography, culture, economic strength, and political structures as well as external factors like the international power structure, organizations, alliances, and world public opinion.
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Foreign policy of Pakistan in era of bilateralism 1962-1979
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The document discusses the defense system of Pakistan, including its armed forces and nuclear program. It provides details on the three branches of Pakistan's armed forces - the army, navy, and air force. It describes the roles and equipment of each branch. It also gives a brief history of Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear weapons, highlighting key individuals involved in the country's nuclear program.
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The Pakistani armed forces include the army, air force and navy. The army is the largest branch and is responsible for border security and national defense. Pakistan has been a major contributor to United Nations peacekeeping missions. The armed forces also engage in counterterrorism operations domestically against militant groups and externally along the western border.
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This document outlines Pakistan's changing foreign policy from 1947 to the present. It discusses Pakistan initially exploring friendship with all states after independence, then aligning with the West during the Cold War by joining security pacts like CENTO and SEATO. Pakistan's foreign policy transitioned in the 1960s-70s as it developed relationships with both the US and USSR. More recently, Pakistan has worked closely with the US as a frontline ally in the War on Terrorism while maintaining economic and diplomatic ties with other countries.
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2) Pakistan faced difficult foreign policy choices in revising its Afghan policy and balancing support for Kashmir independence while cooperating with the US.
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Foreign policy of pakistan
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- Bhutto held several cabinet positions before founding the socialist Pakistan People's Party in 1967.
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- His daughter Benazir Bhutto later became Prime Minister
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Foreign policy of pakistan
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 to the present. It discusses the key principles and vision outlined by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, including non-alignment and friendship with all nations. It then analyzes Pakistan's foreign policy through different phases, from the country's founding to the ongoing war on terror. The document also examines Pakistan's relationships with other countries and the agencies involved in foreign policymaking.
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Era 1947 to 1953 1
The early years of Pakistan from 1947-1953 saw many challenges as the new nation established itself. Prime ministers during this period included Liaquat Ali Khan and Khawaja Nazimuddin. Pakistan gained independence in 1947 and joined the UN but faced issues like riots and refugees from India, the lack of infrastructure and capital, and disputes over Kashmir and water rights with India. The government worked to address problems and adopt policies around foreign relations, security, and the economy during a turbulent start for the new country.
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Pak.studies 1965
This document provides background information and key details about the 1965 war between India and Pakistan over the disputed Kashmir region. It discusses the causes of the war, including territorial disputes and Pakistan's desire to take Kashmir by force. It describes some major battles between Indian and Pakistani forces, and notes that the war ended in a stalemate. The aftermath saw international pressure and a ceasefire negotiated in Tashkent that restored the pre-war status quo.
Foreign policy of pakistan
This document outlines Pakistan's changing foreign policy from 1947 to the present. It discusses Pakistan initially exploring friendship with all states after independence, then aligning with the West during the Cold War by joining security pacts like CENTO and SEATO. Pakistan's foreign policy transitioned in the 1960s-70s as it developed relationships with both the US and USSR. More recently, Pakistan has worked closely with the US as a frontline ally in the War on Terrorism while maintaining economic and diplomatic ties with other countries.
Pakistan and war on terror
1) Joining the US-led war on terror after 9/11 had both benefits and costs for Pakistan. It helped Pakistan overcome sanctions and gain economic/military assistance, but also resulted in heavy security and economic costs domestically.
2) Pakistan faced difficult foreign policy choices in revising its Afghan policy and balancing support for Kashmir independence while cooperating with the US.
3) Unilateral US drone strikes inside Pakistan fueled anti-American sentiment and made counterterrorism efforts more difficult, while also threatening Pakistan's sovereignty. Overall, Pakistan paid a heavy price for its role in the US-led war on terror.
Foreign policy of pakistan
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy, its principles, phases and relationships with key countries like India and China. It notes Pakistan's foreign policy aims to preserve national security, promote world peace and cordial relations with Muslim countries. Major phases included the era of alliances when Pakistan joined SEATO and Baghdad Pact, and the era of bilateralism when Zulfikar Ali Bhutto adopted an independent foreign policy. Key topics covered include the India-Pakistan relationship, China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Bhutto's stance at the UN.
FOREIGN POLICY
1. Foreign policy refers to the principles and objectives a country uses to interact with other countries to promote its interests. It can change based on international conditions.
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3. Key objectives of India's foreign policy include preserving national interests, achieving world peace through peaceful means, fostering relations with other countries, and supporting equality and independence.
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The document analyzes whether the US is winning the war on terror. It discusses the US campaigns in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq since 2001, which have cost over $1.4 trillion and resulted in hundreds of thousands of civilian casualties. However, terrorist activities and attacks have increased over 600% according to some reports. Military force alone has not been able to eradicate terrorism. Education of children to prevent the rise of new terrorists is also needed but has not been adequately addressed. Overall, the conclusion is that the US is not winning the war on terror.
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Pakistan Foreign Policy (Phase I & II)
Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947-1953 (Phase I) focused on non-alignment and developing relations with other newly independent states and the US. From 1954-1962 (Phase II), Pakistan shifted from non-alignment to aligning with Western countries against the threat of communism by joining security pacts like SEATO and CENTO. However, this alignment compromised Pakistan's independent foreign policy and alienated countries like the Soviet Union, Egypt and excluded it from the Non-Aligned Movement.
Foreign policy of pakistan
The document outlines the guiding principles, objectives, and challenges of Pakistan's foreign policy. The guiding principles include freedom, sovereignty, relations with Muslim countries and the UN Charter. The objectives are to promote Pakistan as a progressive Islamic democracy and develop economic and security cooperation while safeguarding national interests. Major challenges include security concerns post 9/11, safeguarding sovereignty against drone attacks, combating terrorist labeling, and issues in Baluchistan. Recommendations are to clearly communicate Pakistan's stance and pursue diplomatic efforts to address challenges.
India-Pakistan Relations
India and Pakistan share linguistic, cultural, geographic, and economic links, yet their relation has been mired in complexity due to a number of historical and political events.
Indo-Pak relations have been defined by the violent partition of British India in 1947, the Jammu & Kashmir conflict and the numerous military conflicts fought between the two nations.
The partition of British India was one of the largest human migrations ever seen and sparked bloody massacres of refugees across the region. It displaced up to 12.5 million people, with an estimated loss of life of 1 million. India became a secular nation with a Hindu majority population and a large Muslim minority, while Pakistan emerged as an Islamic republic with an overwhelming Muslim majority population and a very small population subscribing to other faiths.
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The document discusses Pakistan's national security challenges from external threats. It outlines several threats: from India due to territorial disputes over Kashmir; from Afghanistan due to instability; from Iran over border issues; and from Baloch insurgents fighting for independence. It also discusses threats from sectarian terrorism within Pakistan and how terrorism has impacted relations with the US. Pakistan faces a complex set of external security challenges from its neighbors and internal threats from non-state actors that complicate its national security environment.
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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977. Some key details:
- He was born in 1928 to a wealthy landowning family in Sindh and studied political science and law in the US and UK.
- Bhutto held several cabinet positions before founding the socialist Pakistan People's Party in 1967.
- He was elected Prime Minister in 1970 and oversaw the establishment of Pakistan's first constitution in 1973.
- Bhutto was overthrown in a military coup in 1977 and executed in 1979 after being convicted for authorizing the murder of a political opponent.
- His daughter Benazir Bhutto later became Prime Minister
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Pakistan and Iran have close cultural, religious, and economic ties dating back centuries. They share a 909 km border and have supported each other militarily and politically, including during the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani wars where Iran provided military aid to Pakistan. Economic cooperation has increased in recent decades through agreements like the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline and preferential trade deals, though American opposition to Iran poses challenges. Defense cooperation is also an important aspect of the bilateral relationship.
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The document discusses Pakistan's role and relations within the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). It notes that Pakistan was a founding member of the OIC in 1969 and has since played an important leadership role, currently chairing several OIC committees. The document also outlines Pakistan's support for Palestinian rights and opposition to recognition of Israel. It discusses Pakistan's close economic and strategic relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran, though relations with Iran have been complicated by disagreements over Afghanistan and sectarian tensions.
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The document provides a history of modern Palestine, beginning with the Ottoman Empire's control of the region. After World War 1 and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the British gained control of Palestine under a mandate. Conflict arose due to the Balfour Declaration supporting Zionism and Jewish immigration. After World War 2 and the Holocaust, increased Jewish immigration led to violence and the UN proposed partitioning Palestine. This led to war and Israel declaring statehood in 1948, displacing hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. Subsequent wars and uprisings have occurred between Israel and Palestinians and their supporters over control of the land and the fate of Palestinian statehood. Peace efforts such as the Oslo Accords have so far failed to achieve a long-term solution
Pakistan's Relations with Neighboring Countries
An overview of Pakistan's foreign relations with neighboring countries China, India, Afghanistan and Iran.
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IR project points .....pdf
1. Pakistan was established in 1947 as an independent homeland for South Asia's Muslims after the partition of British India along religious lines.
2. Pakistan's foreign policy has been heavily influenced by its status as an Islamic country, prioritizing Islamic solidarity and supporting Arab positions.
3. In its early decades, Pakistan refused diplomatic relations with Israel and consistently advocated for Arab positions at the UN, seeing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as an Islamic issue.
Pakistan united sates relations
The US established diplomatic relations with Pakistan in 1947. Relations improved under President Eisenhower, with Pakistan seeking military and economic support from the US against threats from India and the Soviet Union. Pakistan joined defense pacts like SEATO and CENTO that aligned it with the West during the Cold War. This provided military and economic aid from the US, but also compromised Pakistan's foreign policy and hurt relations with other countries.
Israel palestine conflict
The Israel-Palestine conflict began in 1947 with the UN partition plan to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. This was rejected by Palestinians and neighboring Arab states, who invaded Israel after its declaration of independence, though Israel prevailed. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians became refugees. Subsequent wars in 1967 and 1973 resulted in Israel occupying the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights and Sinai Peninsula. Israel established settlements in occupied territories despite international condemnation. Palestinian uprisings (Intifadas) protested the occupation. Oslo Accords established limited Palestinian self-rule but the second Intifada and ongoing settlement expansion have prevented a lasting peace agreement. The U.S. is a key ally of Israel but this complicates
14409123.ppt
The Arab-Israeli conflict is a long-lasting and complicated dispute between Israel and the Palestinians over land and political power in the region. The conflict began in the early 20th century due to large numbers of Jewish immigrants settling in Ottoman Palestine and Britain's support for a Jewish homeland there. This led to the establishment of Israel in 1948 and subsequent wars between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Key ongoing issues include Palestinian statehood, the status of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, and Palestinian refugees. While peace agreements have been attempted, many core issues remain unresolved.
Pakistan-s-relation-with-US-and-China-07122023-123414pm-01012024-094230am.pptx
The document discusses Pakistan's relations with the US and China from 1947 to the present. It notes that Pakistan allied with the US during the Cold War due to shared opposition to communism. Pakistan received military and economic aid from the US. Relations became strained at times due to Pakistan's relations with China, but the two countries collaborated closely during the Soviet-Afghan War. More recently, Pakistan has been a key US ally in the war on terror. Pakistan's relations with China have also deepened substantially, exemplified by the major China-Pakistan Economic Corridor infrastructure project.
Pak us relations by Dhuddy.Com
The document provides an overview of Pak-US relations and the effects of the Russian-Afghan war on Pakistan. It discusses how Pakistan allied with the US due to shared anti-communist goals. Pakistan faced costs for this alliance like refugee crises, drugs/weapons trafficking, and sectarian violence. The US provided billions in aid but also cut off support at times. Ultimately, the Russian withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1988 was a major world event but left civil war in Afghanistan and ongoing issues for Pakistan.
Pak America Rationships
This file describe the aspects and relations between Pakistan and America from the start to 2012 hope you would enjoy it and would learn something.
Suggest me something to improve it if you could...
Pak-US relations.pptx
The document summarizes Pakistan's relations with the United States from 1947 to 2020 over 11 sections. Some key points:
- Pakistan initially allied with the US during the Cold War in the 1950s-60s, receiving military and economic aid. However, tensions emerged as Pakistan strengthened ties with China and the US aid to Pakistan diminished.
- The 1971 war with India and creation of Bangladesh strained US-Pakistan relations as the US supported Pakistan's military government.
- In the 1970s, Pakistan pursued a policy of bilateralism, strengthening relations with both the US and China while remaining non-aligned. However, tensions grew over Pakistan's nuclear weapons program.
- US-Pakistan relations have oscill
pak-usrelations-221225202842-d632ffef.pdf
The document provides an overview of Pakistan-US relations from 1947 to 2020 across 11 sections. Some key points:
- Relations began positively in 1947 but cooled during the Cold War as Pakistan aligned more with China. The US supported Pakistan against the Soviet Union from the 1980s.
- Tensions emerged in the 1990s as the US imposed sanctions over Pakistan's nuclear program. Relations oscillated as different governments came in and out of power in both countries.
- After 9/11, Pakistan became a key US ally in the War on Terror but trust eroded as the US grew skeptical of Pakistan's role. Relations remain complex under recent administrations.
Pak US relation 130411005046-phpapp01
The US-Pakistan relationship has evolved significantly since Pakistan's independence in 1947. Initially based on military and economic support, the relationship strengthened after Pakistan agreed to US requests for bases to monitor the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Cooperation increased further after 9/11 when Pakistan allied with the US against al-Qaeda but also caused public opposition in Pakistan due to civilian casualties from drone strikes. The relationship remains important but complex, with both countries pursuing their own national interests.
Pak US relations
The document summarizes the history of Pakistan-US relations from 1947 to the present. It discusses the various defense agreements signed between the two countries during the Cold War era and periods of cooperation as well as tensions, particularly related to Pakistan's nuclear program. Key events covered include Pakistan's involvement in US intelligence operations during the Cold War, the impact of regional conflicts like the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistan wars, imposition of sanctions under presidents Carter and Reagan, and Pakistan's role in the Soviet-Afghan war.
Irmuslimworld 110617204312-phpapp01(ali)
The document discusses Pakistan's role and relations with various Muslim organizations and countries. It notes that Pakistan was a founding member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in 1969. Pakistan has played an active role in the OIC by hosting various conferences and committees. The document also discusses Pakistan's generally supportive relations with Iran, though there have been some tensions at times, as well as Pakistan's close and strategic relations with Saudi Arabia, including in the areas of defense cooperation and Saudi financial support.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1947-1962..pptx
Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947-1962 aimed to establish sovereignty, form Muslim alliances, maintain good neighborly relations, and promote socio-economic development. Key achievements included establishing diplomatic relations, forming the Non-Aligned Movement, and developing close ties with China. Relations with other countries like the US and UK involved both cooperation and tensions, while the relationship with India was characterized by ongoing conflict over Kashmir.
500663903-Paksitan-Studies-Representation.pdf
This document discusses Pakistan-Afghanistan relations from 1947 to 1992 over 4 phases:
Phase 1 (1947-1963) saw tensions over the Durand Line and Afghanistan's opposition to Pakistan joining the UN. Phase 2 (1963-1973) saw improved relations as Afghanistan supported Pakistan in its wars against India. Phase 3 (1973-1978) was marked by regime changes in Afghanistan and the rise of communist influence. Phase 4 (1979-1992) was defined by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, US assistance to Pakistan and mujahideen, and eventual Geneva peace accord.
Pak US relations : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration
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Final slides pak usa relations.
Pakistan initially pursued a policy of non-alignment during the Cold War, receiving invitations from both the US and USSR. However, Pakistan ultimately joined the US bloc due to its need for military and economic assistance, ideological alignment with Western democracy, and the US's willingness to help resolve the Kashmir dispute versus the USSR's neutral stance. While US aid provided benefits, it also damaged relations with other Muslim states and led the USSR to increase support for India. In later decades Pakistan sought to diversify its alliances, improving ties with both the USSR and China while reducing dependence on the US.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan-II.pptx
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 to the present. It outlines the key objectives of Pakistan's foreign policy as established by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, including developing friendly relations with other countries and safeguarding national security and geo-strategic interests. The document then analyzes Pakistan's foreign relations with major countries across different time periods, highlighting alignment with Western countries during the Cold War, improving ties with China and the Soviet Union in the 1960s-1970s, and the modern-day partnership with the US in the war on terror.
500663903-Paksitan-Studies-Representation.pptx
This document discusses Pakistan and Afghanistan relations from 1947 to 1992 over 4 phases. It outlines the key events in each phase including the disputed Durand Line border, opposition to Pakistan's UN membership, speeches antagonizing Pakistan, and assassinations negatively impacting relations. It also discusses both countries allying against a common enemy during wars and Afghanistan hosting anti-Pakistan groups threatening stability. Overall relations fluctuated from hostility to cooperation depending on the political leadership and regional dynamics in each era.
Pakistan-s-Role-in-Global-Affairs--02122022-105345am.pptx
The document summarizes the history of Pakistan-India relations since partition in 1947. It discusses the wars and conflicts over Kashmir that have defined their relationship as a zero-sum game. While tensions have largely dominated their interactions, there have also been some joint efforts for peaceful resolutions. The most recent tensions have arisen over India's removal of special autonomous status for Kashmir and the ongoing conflict has jeopardized peace in the region. Overall the relationship has oscillated between periods of confrontation and cooperation.
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This document provides an overview of the history of Afghanistan and Pakistan-Afghanistan relations from 1947 to post-9/11. It discusses the phases of relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan over time, covering events like the Durand Line agreement, opposition to Pakistan's formation, and periods of cooperation and conflict, including Pakistan's support for the mujahideen against the Soviets and the Taliban government. After 9/11, the document notes Pakistan aligned with the US against al-Qaeda but tried to mediate for a peaceful solution, and continued supporting Afghanistan's government and elections.
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Israel and Pakistan
- 1. Israel’s policy towards Pakistan
- 2. • British mandate for Palestine declared the independence of Israel on 14 May 1948. • An attempt was made to carry out diplomatic relations among both states when PM of Israel sent a telegram to Jinnah. In response Jinnah did not gave a good response. • In 1949, Israel's Foreign Ministry want to open legations in Karachi or atleat conduct trade openly but Pakistan did not wanted to carry out any kind of relations with Israel.
- 3. • From day one Israel wanted to carry out diplomatic relations with Pakistan but Pakistan main focus was on the unity of Arab States against Israel. • 1955- Pakistan openly said that we will not recognize Israel and we will aid Arabs in protecting holy sites. This forced Israel to go for India. • In 1970, a severe flood occurred in Eastern Pakistan (Bangladesh) , Israel offered to send Pakistan medicine, food and other stuff via the International Red Cross but Pakistan refused
- 4. • Israel also raised hands on Pakistan for supporting Arab countries during a war with Israel. Pakistani pilots downed some of the Israelis planes in that war. • In 80’s Israel feared that Pakistan might use nuclear weapons which were being financed by Arabs. • This forced Israel to have close ties with India and Pakistan also feared of joint attack by Indians and Israeli’s on military facilities of Pakistan
- 5. • Israel also pointed that Iraq may acquire nuclear weapons with the help of Pakistan. Israel was worried that Iran and perhaps Saudi Arabia would acquire nuclear weapons which might be used against Israel. • 1992, once again Israel announced to have good relations with Muslim states in Asia including Pakistan . • 1992- Israel supported Pakistan’s election to the Security Council and it was also appreciated by Pakistan.
- 6. • 1995- Israel’s ambassador to the UN (Yaccobi) met with the new Pak UN ambassador (Ahmad Kamal). Yaccobi suggested that Pakistan should show some flexibility towards Israel. • Pakistan has always shoed concerns on the friendship of Israel and India and it is considered as a big threat to Pakistan. This speech was again repeated by Shahbaz Sharif. • 2005- A public meeting was held in Istanbul b/w the Israeli foreign minister and Pakistani foreign minister Khurshid Kasuri.
- 7. • Due to the changes in governments and the period in which dictators ruled Pakistan, both counties never came to one platform. • Another reason is the public pressure, that’s why Pakistan is not recognizing Pakistan after too much flexbility shown by Israel. • Now under the Israeli law, Pakistan is a described as an "enemy state“. An Israeli citizen who visits Pakistan, whether using an Israeli or foreign passport, may be prosecuted on their return to Israel.