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![Polyatomic Ions (and Covalent Naming)
Charge Cation Formula:
1+ ammonium [NH4] + Prefixes Used for Naming Covalent Substances
+
hydronium [H3O]
1 mono 7 hepta
2 di 8 octa
Charge Anion Formula: 3 tri 9 nona
4 tetra 10 deca
1- acetate [CH3COO]- or [C2H3O2]- 5 penta 11 undeca
bromate [BrO3]- 6 hexa 12 dodeca
-
hypochlorite [ClO]
chlorite [ClO2]
- Prefix used except when the first atom in formula is
chlorate [ClO3]
- alone: CO = carbon monoxide (not monocarbon
perchlorate [ClO4]
- monoxide)
-
cyanide [CN] Drop the vowel on the prefix if followed by an “a” or
-
hydroxide [OH] “o”: CO = carbon monoxide (not carbon monooxide)
iodate [IO3]- N2O5 = dinitrogen pentoxide (not dinitrogen
- pentaoxide)
periodate [IO4]
-
nitrite [NO2]
-
nitrate [NO3]
permanganate [MnO4]-
2-
2- carbonate [CO3] hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate [HCO3]-
-
N.B. the charge of the bicarbonate is 1
chromate [CrO4]2-
2-
dichromate [Cr2O7]
oxalate [C2O4]2-
2-
peroxide [O2]
sulfite [SO3]2-
2-
sulfate [SO4] hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate [HSO4]-
thiosulfate [S2O3]2 N.B. the charge of the bisulfate is 1-
3-
3- aresnate [AsO4]
3-
phosphite [PO3]
3-
phosphate [PO4] hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate [HPO4]2-
-
N.B. the charge of the biphosphate is 2
Metal Ions Capable of Multiple Oxidation States:
copper iron mercury lead tin
Cu+ Fe2+ Hg22+ Pb2+ Sn2+
copper (I) iron (II) mercury (I) lead (II) tin (II)
cuprous ferrous mercurous plumbous stannous
Cu2+ Fe3+ Hg2+ Pb4+ Sn4+
copper (II) iron (III) mercury (II) lead (IV) tin (IV)
cupric ferric mercuric plumbic stannic
3+ 3+ 2+ + 2+
Monatomic cations capable of only a single oxidations state: Sc Y Zn Ag Cd (you only have to know these)
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Ch3 polyatomic ions
This document provides information about polyatomic ions and covalent compound naming. It lists common polyatomic ions along with their charges and formulas. Prefixes for naming covalent compounds are also defined. Some metal ions capable of multiple oxidation states are identified along with some monatomic cations that only have a single oxidation state.
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Ch3 polyatomic ions
- 1. Polyatomic Ions (andCovalent Naming) Charge Cation Formula: 1+ ammonium [NH4] + Prefixes Used for Naming Covalent Substances + hydronium [H3O] 1 mono 7 hepta 2 di 8 octa Charge Anion Formula: 3 tri 9 nona 4 tetra 10 deca 1- acetate [CH3COO]- or [C2H3O2]- 5 penta 11 undeca bromate [BrO3]- 6 hexa 12 dodeca - hypochlorite [ClO] chlorite [ClO2] - Prefix used except when the first atom in formula is chlorate [ClO3] - alone: CO = carbon monoxide (not monocarbon perchlorate [ClO4] - monoxide) - cyanide [CN] Drop the vowel on the prefix if followed by an “a” or - hydroxide [OH] “o”: CO = carbon monoxide (not carbon monooxide) iodate [IO3]- N2O5 = dinitrogen pentoxide (not dinitrogen - pentaoxide) periodate [IO4] - nitrite [NO2] - nitrate [NO3] permanganate [MnO4]- 2- 2- carbonate [CO3] hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate [HCO3]- - N.B. the charge of the bicarbonate is 1 chromate [CrO4]2- 2- dichromate [Cr2O7] oxalate [C2O4]2- 2- peroxide [O2] sulfite [SO3]2- 2- sulfate [SO4] hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate [HSO4]- thiosulfate [S2O3]2 N.B. the charge of the bisulfate is 1- 3- 3- aresnate [AsO4] 3- phosphite [PO3] 3- phosphate [PO4] hydrogen phosphate or biphosphate [HPO4]2- - N.B. the charge of the biphosphate is 2 Metal Ions Capable of Multiple Oxidation States: copper iron mercury lead tin Cu+ Fe2+ Hg22+ Pb2+ Sn2+ copper (I) iron (II) mercury (I) lead (II) tin (II) cuprous ferrous mercurous plumbous stannous Cu2+ Fe3+ Hg2+ Pb4+ Sn4+ copper (II) iron (III) mercury (II) lead (IV) tin (IV) cupric ferric mercuric plumbic stannic 3+ 3+ 2+ + 2+ Monatomic cations capable of only a single oxidations state: Sc Y Zn Ag Cd (you only have to know these) Page 1 of 1 PolyatomicIons