The document discusses virtual machines and their implementations. It provides an overview of virtual machines, describing their history and benefits. It discusses the various types of virtual machines, including Type 0, Type 1, and Type 2 hypervisors. It also covers the building blocks used to implement virtual machines, such as virtual CPUs, trap-and-emulate, binary translation, nested page tables, and hardware assistance features from CPUs. The document provides details on these implementation methods and how they enable virtualization.
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 16 of the textbook "Operating System Concepts – 9th Edition" by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne regarding virtual machines. It discusses the history and benefits of virtual machines, different types of virtual machine technologies including hardware-based hypervisors, software hypervisors, and paravirtualization. It also describes common techniques for implementing virtualization like trap-and-emulate, binary translation, and hardware assistance using features like nested page tables.
This document summarizes a chapter from the textbook "Operating System Concepts - 9th Edition" about virtual machines. It discusses the history, benefits, and building blocks of virtual machines. Virtual machines allow a single physical computer to run multiple operating systems at once by abstracting the hardware into separate execution environments called virtual machines. A virtual machine manager creates and runs virtual machines, providing an interface identical to the physical host system. This allows benefits like isolation of guest operating systems and live migration between physical hosts.
Chapter 5 – Cloud Resource
Virtualization
Contents
Virtualization.
Layering and virtualization.
Virtual machine monitor.
Virtual machine.
Performance and security isolation.
Architectural support for virtualization.
x86 support for virtualization.
Full and paravirtualization.
Xen 1.0 and Xen 2.0.
Performance comparison of virtual machine monitors.
The darker side of virtualization.
Software fault isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice. Chapter 5 2 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation
There are many physical realizations of the fundamental
abstractions necessary to describe the operation of a computing
systems.
Interpreters.
Memory.
Communications links.
Virtualization is a basic tenet of cloud computing, it simplifies the
management of physical resources for the three abstractions.
The state of a virtual machine (VM) running under a virtual machine
monitor (VMM) can de saved and migrated to another server to
balance the load.
Virtualization allows users to operate in environments they are
familiar with, rather than forcing them to idiosyncratic ones.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 3 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation (cont’d)
Cloud resource virtualization is important for:
System security, as it allows isolation of services running on
the same hardware.
Performance and reliability, as it allows applications to migrate
from one platform to another.
The development and management of services offered by a
provider.
Performance isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 4 Dan C. Marinescu
Virtualization
Simulates the interface to a physical object by:
Multiplexing: creates multiple virtual objects from one instance
of a physical object. Example - a processor is multiplexed
among a number of processes or threads.
Aggregation: creates one virtual object from multiple physical
objects. Example - a number of physical disks are aggregated
into a RAID disk.
Emulation: constructs a virtual object from a different type of a
physical object. Example - a physical disk emulates a Random
Access Memory (RAM).
Multiplexing and emulation. Examples - virtual memory with
paging multiplexes real memory and disk; a virtual address
emulates a real address.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 5 Dan C. Marinescu
Layering
Layering – a common approach to manage system complexity.
Minimizes the interactions among the subsystems of a complex
system.
Simplifies the description of the subsystems; each subsystem is
abstracted through its interfaces with the other subsystems.
We are able to design, implement, and modify the individual
subsystems independently.
Layering in a computer system.
Hardware.
Software.
Operating system.
Libraries.
Applications.
.
Chapter 5 – Cloud Resource
Virtualization
Contents
Virtualization.
Layering and virtualization.
Virtual machine monitor.
Virtual machine.
Performance and security isolation.
Architectural support for virtualization.
x86 support for virtualization.
Full and paravirtualization.
Xen 1.0 and Xen 2.0.
Performance comparison of virtual machine monitors.
The darker side of virtualization.
Software fault isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice. Chapter 5 2 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation
There are many physical realizations of the fundamental
abstractions necessary to describe the operation of a computing
systems.
Interpreters.
Memory.
Communications links.
Virtualization is a basic tenet of cloud computing, it simplifies the
management of physical resources for the three abstractions.
The state of a virtual machine (VM) running under a virtual machine
monitor (VMM) can de saved and migrated to another server to
balance the load.
Virtualization allows users to operate in environments they are
familiar with, rather than forcing them to idiosyncratic ones.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 3 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation (cont’d)
Cloud resource virtualization is important for:
System security, as it allows isolation of services running on
the same hardware.
Performance and reliability, as it allows applications to migrate
from one platform to another.
The development and management of services offered by a
provider.
Performance isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 4 Dan C. Marinescu
Virtualization
Simulates the interface to a physical object by:
Multiplexing: creates multiple virtual objects from one instance
of a physical object. Example - a processor is multiplexed
among a number of processes or threads.
Aggregation: creates one virtual object from multiple physical
objects. Example - a number of physical disks are aggregated
into a RAID disk.
Emulation: constructs a virtual object from a different type of a
physical object. Example - a physical disk emulates a Random
Access Memory (RAM).
Multiplexing and emulation. Examples - virtual memory with
paging multiplexes real memory and disk; a virtual address
emulates a real address.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 5 Dan C. Marinescu
Layering
Layering – a common approach to manage system complexity.
Minimizes the interactions among the subsystems of a complex
system.
Simplifies the description of the subsystems; each subsystem is
abstracted through its interfaces with the other subsystems.
We are able to design, implement, and modify the individual
subsystems independently.
Layering in a computer system.
Hardware.
Software.
Operating system.
Libraries.
Applications.
.
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine. It began in IBM mainframes in 1972 and allowed time-sharing of computing resources. Modern virtualization technologies like VMware and Xen create virtual environments that are essentially identical to the original machine for programs to run in. Virtualization provides benefits like consolidation of servers, high availability, disaster recovery and easier management of computing resources. There are different types of virtualization including server, desktop, application, memory and storage virtualization.
This document provides information about virtualization. It discusses the history of virtualization beginning in IBM mainframes in 1972. It then discusses different types of virtualization including server virtualization, desktop virtualization, application virtualization, and others. It also discusses the benefits of virtualization such as consolidation, centralized management, high availability, disaster recovery and increased efficiency.
The document discusses the history and future of virtual machines. It summarizes that virtual machines were originally developed in the 1960s for mainframe computers but fell out of favor. Modern virtualization technologies like VMware have enabled running multiple operating systems on commodity hardware simultaneously with good performance. The document outlines VMware's virtualization technology and products, and provides examples of how virtual machines can be used for testing, server consolidation, application compatibility, and security.
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 16 of the textbook "Operating System Concepts – 9th Edition" by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne regarding virtual machines. It discusses the history and benefits of virtual machines, different types of virtual machine technologies including hardware-based hypervisors, software hypervisors, and paravirtualization. It also describes common techniques for implementing virtualization like trap-and-emulate, binary translation, and hardware assistance using features like nested page tables.
This document summarizes a chapter from the textbook "Operating System Concepts - 9th Edition" about virtual machines. It discusses the history, benefits, and building blocks of virtual machines. Virtual machines allow a single physical computer to run multiple operating systems at once by abstracting the hardware into separate execution environments called virtual machines. A virtual machine manager creates and runs virtual machines, providing an interface identical to the physical host system. This allows benefits like isolation of guest operating systems and live migration between physical hosts.
Chapter 5 – Cloud Resource
Virtualization
Contents
Virtualization.
Layering and virtualization.
Virtual machine monitor.
Virtual machine.
Performance and security isolation.
Architectural support for virtualization.
x86 support for virtualization.
Full and paravirtualization.
Xen 1.0 and Xen 2.0.
Performance comparison of virtual machine monitors.
The darker side of virtualization.
Software fault isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice. Chapter 5 2 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation
There are many physical realizations of the fundamental
abstractions necessary to describe the operation of a computing
systems.
Interpreters.
Memory.
Communications links.
Virtualization is a basic tenet of cloud computing, it simplifies the
management of physical resources for the three abstractions.
The state of a virtual machine (VM) running under a virtual machine
monitor (VMM) can de saved and migrated to another server to
balance the load.
Virtualization allows users to operate in environments they are
familiar with, rather than forcing them to idiosyncratic ones.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 3 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation (cont’d)
Cloud resource virtualization is important for:
System security, as it allows isolation of services running on
the same hardware.
Performance and reliability, as it allows applications to migrate
from one platform to another.
The development and management of services offered by a
provider.
Performance isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 4 Dan C. Marinescu
Virtualization
Simulates the interface to a physical object by:
Multiplexing: creates multiple virtual objects from one instance
of a physical object. Example - a processor is multiplexed
among a number of processes or threads.
Aggregation: creates one virtual object from multiple physical
objects. Example - a number of physical disks are aggregated
into a RAID disk.
Emulation: constructs a virtual object from a different type of a
physical object. Example - a physical disk emulates a Random
Access Memory (RAM).
Multiplexing and emulation. Examples - virtual memory with
paging multiplexes real memory and disk; a virtual address
emulates a real address.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 5 Dan C. Marinescu
Layering
Layering – a common approach to manage system complexity.
Minimizes the interactions among the subsystems of a complex
system.
Simplifies the description of the subsystems; each subsystem is
abstracted through its interfaces with the other subsystems.
We are able to design, implement, and modify the individual
subsystems independently.
Layering in a computer system.
Hardware.
Software.
Operating system.
Libraries.
Applications.
.
Chapter 5 – Cloud Resource
Virtualization
Contents
Virtualization.
Layering and virtualization.
Virtual machine monitor.
Virtual machine.
Performance and security isolation.
Architectural support for virtualization.
x86 support for virtualization.
Full and paravirtualization.
Xen 1.0 and Xen 2.0.
Performance comparison of virtual machine monitors.
The darker side of virtualization.
Software fault isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice. Chapter 5 2 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation
There are many physical realizations of the fundamental
abstractions necessary to describe the operation of a computing
systems.
Interpreters.
Memory.
Communications links.
Virtualization is a basic tenet of cloud computing, it simplifies the
management of physical resources for the three abstractions.
The state of a virtual machine (VM) running under a virtual machine
monitor (VMM) can de saved and migrated to another server to
balance the load.
Virtualization allows users to operate in environments they are
familiar with, rather than forcing them to idiosyncratic ones.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 3 Dan C. Marinescu
Motivation (cont’d)
Cloud resource virtualization is important for:
System security, as it allows isolation of services running on
the same hardware.
Performance and reliability, as it allows applications to migrate
from one platform to another.
The development and management of services offered by a
provider.
Performance isolation.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 4 Dan C. Marinescu
Virtualization
Simulates the interface to a physical object by:
Multiplexing: creates multiple virtual objects from one instance
of a physical object. Example - a processor is multiplexed
among a number of processes or threads.
Aggregation: creates one virtual object from multiple physical
objects. Example - a number of physical disks are aggregated
into a RAID disk.
Emulation: constructs a virtual object from a different type of a
physical object. Example - a physical disk emulates a Random
Access Memory (RAM).
Multiplexing and emulation. Examples - virtual memory with
paging multiplexes real memory and disk; a virtual address
emulates a real address.
Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice.
Chapter 5 5 Dan C. Marinescu
Layering
Layering – a common approach to manage system complexity.
Minimizes the interactions among the subsystems of a complex
system.
Simplifies the description of the subsystems; each subsystem is
abstracted through its interfaces with the other subsystems.
We are able to design, implement, and modify the individual
subsystems independently.
Layering in a computer system.
Hardware.
Software.
Operating system.
Libraries.
Applications.
.
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine. It began in IBM mainframes in 1972 and allowed time-sharing of computing resources. Modern virtualization technologies like VMware and Xen create virtual environments that are essentially identical to the original machine for programs to run in. Virtualization provides benefits like consolidation of servers, high availability, disaster recovery and easier management of computing resources. There are different types of virtualization including server, desktop, application, memory and storage virtualization.
This document provides information about virtualization. It discusses the history of virtualization beginning in IBM mainframes in 1972. It then discusses different types of virtualization including server virtualization, desktop virtualization, application virtualization, and others. It also discusses the benefits of virtualization such as consolidation, centralized management, high availability, disaster recovery and increased efficiency.
The document discusses the history and future of virtual machines. It summarizes that virtual machines were originally developed in the 1960s for mainframe computers but fell out of favor. Modern virtualization technologies like VMware have enabled running multiple operating systems on commodity hardware simultaneously with good performance. The document outlines VMware's virtualization technology and products, and provides examples of how virtual machines can be used for testing, server consolidation, application compatibility, and security.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing and virtualization. It discusses how virtual machines (VMs) allow multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical machine. VMs provide flexibility and efficiency for distributing compute resources. Cloud providers offer VMs that can run software applications, back up data, isolate browser activity, and host services in a scalable and cost-effective manner. Virtualization technologies like VMware, Citrix, and Microsoft enable various types of virtualization including server, desktop, application, memory, storage, and network virtualization.
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine. It relies on hardware advances like multi-core CPUs and networking improvements. Virtualization works by either emulating hardware, trapping privileged instructions and emulating them, dynamic binary translation, or paravirtualization where the guest OS is aware it is virtualized. I/O virtualization can emulate devices, use paravirtualized drivers, or directly assign devices to VMs. This enables server consolidation and efficient utilization of resources in cloud computing.
Virtualization is a new method regarding using computing resources efficiently, by maximizing energy efficiency, extend the life of the hardware and also recycles. Virtualization technology is a system of work done by the software can merge some real physical systems into a single virtual form commonly known as virtualization without prejudice advantages over the single system. Of course, this system can reduce the amount of hardware, electrical energy consumption and time used thereby increasing the level of efficiency and effectiveness. Also, virtualization certainly reduces heat energy arising from the number of installed hardware, thereby reducing the increase in temperature geothermal (Global Warming). Some virtualization includes Server Virtualization, Network Virtualization, Memory Virtualization, Grid Computing, Application Virtualization, Storage Virtualization, Virtualization and Thin Client Platform.
This document discusses virtualization and cloud computing. It begins by explaining the motivations for virtualization, such as managing resources more efficiently and improving performance, security, and reliability. It then covers key concepts in virtualization like virtual machines, hypervisors, paravirtualization, and hardware assisted virtualization. A major virtualization technology discussed is Xen, which uses paravirtualization. The document also briefly mentions Linux containers as a form of lightweight virtualization.
This document discusses virtual machines. It defines a virtual machine as software that creates a virtualized environment between the computer hardware and the end user, allowing the user to operate software. Virtual machines implement full virtual computer hardware and are created through a combination of real hardware and virtualizing software. There are two types of virtual machines: process virtual machines and system virtual machines. Virtual machines provide benefits like partitioning and isolation, allowing multiple operating systems and applications to run securely side-by-side on the same physical machine.
Virtualization allows running multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine. Originally, emulation was used which copies the behavior of a complete computer to software. Modern virtualization improved efficiency by introducing a hypervisor that runs directly on hardware between virtual machines and hardware, without requiring a host operating system. Virtualization can be done through full virtualization, which requires no guest OS modifications but has performance overhead, or paravirtualization where the guest OS uses specialized APIs to improve performance by generating more efficient instructions for the virtualized environment.
This document provides information on virtualization techniques including full virtualization and paravirtualization. Full virtualization uses binary translation and direct execution to simulate hardware and allow unmodified guest operating systems to run in isolated virtual machines. Paravirtualization modifies the guest operating system kernel to use hypercalls to communicate with the hypervisor more efficiently. The document also compares virtualization and containerization, noting that virtualization simulates full hardware while containerization isolates at the operating system level for lighter resource usage.
IT109 Microsoft Windows 7 Operating Systems Unit 02blusmurfydot1
The document summarizes key topics from Chapter 2 of an operating systems textbook, including virtualization technology, OS layers and modes, virtualization methods, popular virtualization products, OS generation, and the boot process. Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run concurrently on the same hardware through abstraction. It provides benefits like hardware sharing and isolation between guest systems. Common virtualization methods are system virtualization, para-virtualization, and simulation. Popular virtualization products discussed are VMWare Player, Microsoft Virtual PC, and Oracle VirtualBox. The operating system generation process customizes the OS for specific hardware, and the boot process loads the kernel to start the computer system.
The document discusses different levels of virtualization implementation including instruction set architecture level, hardware abstraction level, operating system level, library support level, and user-application level. It also discusses hypervisor design requirements and common virtualization providers like Xen. Key types of virtualization discussed are full virtualization, para-virtualization, CPU virtualization, memory virtualization, and I/O virtualization.
The document discusses different levels of virtualization implementation including instruction set architecture level, hardware abstraction level, operating system level, library support level, and user-application level. It also covers virtualization support at the OS level, middleware support for virtualization, hypervisor and Xen architecture, CPU virtualization, memory virtualization, I/O virtualization, and virtualization in multi-core processors.
Advanced virtualization techniques for FAUmachinewebhostingguy
This document describes advanced virtualization techniques used in FAUmachine, a virtual PC developed by researchers. It presents a just-in-time compiler that can transform kernel mode code into code suitable for execution in a user mode simulator. This allows system-level binaries and operating systems like Windows to run virtually. It also describes a small host kernel modification to simplify system call redirection, improving virtual machine performance. Details are given on the just-in-time compiler and kernel extension, and their impact on performance is evaluated.
This document discusses hardware virtualization techniques. It describes hardware-level virtualization which provides an abstract execution environment for a guest OS on computer hardware. A hypervisor runs above the supervisor mode and enables multiple VMs to run on a physical server. There are two types of hypervisors: type-I runs directly on hardware while type-II requires an operating system. Virtual machine managers contain dispatcher, allocator, and interpreter modules. Popek and Goldberg's theorems define requirements for efficient virtualization based on instruction set classification. Hardware virtualization techniques include full virtualization, hardware-assisted virtualization, paravirtualization, and partial virtualization.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems and applications to run concurrently on a single physical machine. A virtual machine monitor (VMM) or hypervisor manages shared hardware resources and isolates guest operating systems in virtual machines. Approaches include full virtualization, paravirtualization, and hardware assisted virtualization. Popular hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen, KVM, and Linux containers. The Java Virtual Machine and Android Dalvik Virtual Machine allow writing once and running anywhere.
IBM's System Director VMControl is an advanced software module that allows a single administrator to manage virtual workloads across multiple platforms, including Linux, AIX, Windows, VMware, KVM, Hyper-V, PowerVM, and z/VM. It provides automated provisioning of new workloads, image management capabilities, strong integration with networks, resilience for virtual machines and infrastructure, security features, and efficient software license management. VMControl is positioned as the strongest and most advanced cross-platform virtualization management environment currently on the market.
ICALEPCS 2011: Testing Environments using VirtualizationOmer Khalid
This document summarizes the implementation of a private cloud infrastructure at CERN using virtualization and cloud computing technologies. It describes using virtualization to create a library of virtual machine images running different operating systems and software configurations. An image service was developed to cache and deploy these VM images across physical servers to minimize deployment time. Evaluation of different storage models showed local caching of images optimized deployment times, allowing new VMs to be provisioned within 30 minutes to quickly support various testing use cases at CERN.
This document discusses different levels and approaches to virtualization including instruction set architecture level, hardware abstraction level, operating system level, library support level, and user-application level virtualization. It also covers virtualization of CPU, memory, I/O devices, and virtual clusters. Key points include hardware-assisted virtualization using features like VT-x, two-stage memory mapping using EPT, different approaches to I/O virtualization, and live VM migration involving transferring memory and synchronizing state changes.
Hardware Support for Efficient VirtualizationJohn Fisher-Osimisterchristen
Hardware Support for Efficient Virtualization
John Fisher-Ogden
University of California, San Diego
Abstract
Virtual machines have been used since the 1960’s in creative
ways. From multiplexing expensive mainframes to providing
backwards compatibility for customers migrating to new hard-
ware, virtualization has allowed users to maximize their usage of
limited hardware resources. Despite virtual machines falling by
the way-side in the 1980’s with the rise of the minicomputer,we
are now seeing a revival of virtualization with virtual machines
being used for security, isolation, and testing among others.
With so many creative uses for virtualization, ensuring high
performance for applications running in a virtual machine be-
comes critical. In this paper, we survey current research to-
wards this end, focusing on the hardware support which en-
ables efficient virtualization. Both Intel and AMD have incor-
porated explicit support for virtualization into their CPUde-
signs. While this can simplify the design of a stand alone virtual
machine monitor (VMM), techniques such asparavirtualization
and hosted VMM’s are still quite effective in supporting virtual
machines.
We compare and contrast current approaches to efficient vir-
tualization, drawing parallels to techniques developed byIBM
over thirty years ago. In addition to virtualizing the CPU, we
also examine techniques focused on virtualizing I/O and the
memory management unit (MMU). Where relevant, we identify
shortcomings in current research and provide our own thoughts
on the future direction of the virtualization field.
1 Introduction
The current virtualization renaissance has spurred excit-
ing new research with virtual machines on both the soft-
ware and the hardware side. Both Intel and AMD have
incorporated explicit support for virtualization into their
CPU designs. While this can simplify the design of a
stand alone virtual machine monitor (VMM), techniques
such asparavirtualizationand hosted VMM’s are still
quite effective in supporting virtual machines.
This revival in virtual machine usage is driven by many
motivating factors. Untrusted applications can be safely
sandboxed in a virtual machine providing added security
and reliability to a system. Data and performance isola-
tion can be provided through virtualization as well. Se-
curity, reliability, and isolation are all critical components
for data centers trying to maximize the usage of their hard-
ware resources by coalescing multiple servers to run on a
single physical server. Virtual machines can further in-
crease reliability and robustness by supporting live migra-
tion from one server to another upon hardware failure.
Software developers can also take advantage of virtual
machines in many ways. Writing code that is portable
across multiple architectures requires extensive testingon
each target platform. Rather than maintaining multiple
physical machines for each platform, testing can be done
within a virtual machi ...
Virtualization abstracts physical computing resources into virtual resources that can be allocated dynamically. It allows for server consolidation, improved system management, increased application availability, and more efficient use of resources. There are different types of virtualization including server, storage, and network virtualization. Server virtualization uses a virtual machine monitor to run multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine. Storage virtualization presents a logical view of physical storage to improve utilization and manageability. Trap-and-emulate is a common approach for virtualizing the system instruction set architecture by having privileged instructions trap to an emulator.
The document provides an overview of cloud computing and virtualization. It discusses how virtual machines (VMs) allow multiple operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical machine. VMs provide flexibility and efficiency for distributing compute resources. Cloud providers offer VMs that can run software applications, back up data, isolate browser activity, and host services in a scalable and cost-effective manner. Virtualization technologies like VMware, Citrix, and Microsoft enable various types of virtualization including server, desktop, application, memory, storage, and network virtualization.
Virtualization allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine. It relies on hardware advances like multi-core CPUs and networking improvements. Virtualization works by either emulating hardware, trapping privileged instructions and emulating them, dynamic binary translation, or paravirtualization where the guest OS is aware it is virtualized. I/O virtualization can emulate devices, use paravirtualized drivers, or directly assign devices to VMs. This enables server consolidation and efficient utilization of resources in cloud computing.
Virtualization is a new method regarding using computing resources efficiently, by maximizing energy efficiency, extend the life of the hardware and also recycles. Virtualization technology is a system of work done by the software can merge some real physical systems into a single virtual form commonly known as virtualization without prejudice advantages over the single system. Of course, this system can reduce the amount of hardware, electrical energy consumption and time used thereby increasing the level of efficiency and effectiveness. Also, virtualization certainly reduces heat energy arising from the number of installed hardware, thereby reducing the increase in temperature geothermal (Global Warming). Some virtualization includes Server Virtualization, Network Virtualization, Memory Virtualization, Grid Computing, Application Virtualization, Storage Virtualization, Virtualization and Thin Client Platform.
This document discusses virtualization and cloud computing. It begins by explaining the motivations for virtualization, such as managing resources more efficiently and improving performance, security, and reliability. It then covers key concepts in virtualization like virtual machines, hypervisors, paravirtualization, and hardware assisted virtualization. A major virtualization technology discussed is Xen, which uses paravirtualization. The document also briefly mentions Linux containers as a form of lightweight virtualization.
This document discusses virtual machines. It defines a virtual machine as software that creates a virtualized environment between the computer hardware and the end user, allowing the user to operate software. Virtual machines implement full virtual computer hardware and are created through a combination of real hardware and virtualizing software. There are two types of virtual machines: process virtual machines and system virtual machines. Virtual machines provide benefits like partitioning and isolation, allowing multiple operating systems and applications to run securely side-by-side on the same physical machine.
Virtualization allows running multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine. Originally, emulation was used which copies the behavior of a complete computer to software. Modern virtualization improved efficiency by introducing a hypervisor that runs directly on hardware between virtual machines and hardware, without requiring a host operating system. Virtualization can be done through full virtualization, which requires no guest OS modifications but has performance overhead, or paravirtualization where the guest OS uses specialized APIs to improve performance by generating more efficient instructions for the virtualized environment.
This document provides information on virtualization techniques including full virtualization and paravirtualization. Full virtualization uses binary translation and direct execution to simulate hardware and allow unmodified guest operating systems to run in isolated virtual machines. Paravirtualization modifies the guest operating system kernel to use hypercalls to communicate with the hypervisor more efficiently. The document also compares virtualization and containerization, noting that virtualization simulates full hardware while containerization isolates at the operating system level for lighter resource usage.
IT109 Microsoft Windows 7 Operating Systems Unit 02blusmurfydot1
The document summarizes key topics from Chapter 2 of an operating systems textbook, including virtualization technology, OS layers and modes, virtualization methods, popular virtualization products, OS generation, and the boot process. Virtualization allows multiple operating systems to run concurrently on the same hardware through abstraction. It provides benefits like hardware sharing and isolation between guest systems. Common virtualization methods are system virtualization, para-virtualization, and simulation. Popular virtualization products discussed are VMWare Player, Microsoft Virtual PC, and Oracle VirtualBox. The operating system generation process customizes the OS for specific hardware, and the boot process loads the kernel to start the computer system.
The document discusses different levels of virtualization implementation including instruction set architecture level, hardware abstraction level, operating system level, library support level, and user-application level. It also discusses hypervisor design requirements and common virtualization providers like Xen. Key types of virtualization discussed are full virtualization, para-virtualization, CPU virtualization, memory virtualization, and I/O virtualization.
The document discusses different levels of virtualization implementation including instruction set architecture level, hardware abstraction level, operating system level, library support level, and user-application level. It also covers virtualization support at the OS level, middleware support for virtualization, hypervisor and Xen architecture, CPU virtualization, memory virtualization, I/O virtualization, and virtualization in multi-core processors.
Advanced virtualization techniques for FAUmachinewebhostingguy
This document describes advanced virtualization techniques used in FAUmachine, a virtual PC developed by researchers. It presents a just-in-time compiler that can transform kernel mode code into code suitable for execution in a user mode simulator. This allows system-level binaries and operating systems like Windows to run virtually. It also describes a small host kernel modification to simplify system call redirection, improving virtual machine performance. Details are given on the just-in-time compiler and kernel extension, and their impact on performance is evaluated.
This document discusses hardware virtualization techniques. It describes hardware-level virtualization which provides an abstract execution environment for a guest OS on computer hardware. A hypervisor runs above the supervisor mode and enables multiple VMs to run on a physical server. There are two types of hypervisors: type-I runs directly on hardware while type-II requires an operating system. Virtual machine managers contain dispatcher, allocator, and interpreter modules. Popek and Goldberg's theorems define requirements for efficient virtualization based on instruction set classification. Hardware virtualization techniques include full virtualization, hardware-assisted virtualization, paravirtualization, and partial virtualization.
Virtualization allows multiple operating systems and applications to run concurrently on a single physical machine. A virtual machine monitor (VMM) or hypervisor manages shared hardware resources and isolates guest operating systems in virtual machines. Approaches include full virtualization, paravirtualization, and hardware assisted virtualization. Popular hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen, KVM, and Linux containers. The Java Virtual Machine and Android Dalvik Virtual Machine allow writing once and running anywhere.
IBM's System Director VMControl is an advanced software module that allows a single administrator to manage virtual workloads across multiple platforms, including Linux, AIX, Windows, VMware, KVM, Hyper-V, PowerVM, and z/VM. It provides automated provisioning of new workloads, image management capabilities, strong integration with networks, resilience for virtual machines and infrastructure, security features, and efficient software license management. VMControl is positioned as the strongest and most advanced cross-platform virtualization management environment currently on the market.
ICALEPCS 2011: Testing Environments using VirtualizationOmer Khalid
This document summarizes the implementation of a private cloud infrastructure at CERN using virtualization and cloud computing technologies. It describes using virtualization to create a library of virtual machine images running different operating systems and software configurations. An image service was developed to cache and deploy these VM images across physical servers to minimize deployment time. Evaluation of different storage models showed local caching of images optimized deployment times, allowing new VMs to be provisioned within 30 minutes to quickly support various testing use cases at CERN.
This document discusses different levels and approaches to virtualization including instruction set architecture level, hardware abstraction level, operating system level, library support level, and user-application level virtualization. It also covers virtualization of CPU, memory, I/O devices, and virtual clusters. Key points include hardware-assisted virtualization using features like VT-x, two-stage memory mapping using EPT, different approaches to I/O virtualization, and live VM migration involving transferring memory and synchronizing state changes.
Hardware Support for Efficient VirtualizationJohn Fisher-Osimisterchristen
Hardware Support for Efficient Virtualization
John Fisher-Ogden
University of California, San Diego
Abstract
Virtual machines have been used since the 1960’s in creative
ways. From multiplexing expensive mainframes to providing
backwards compatibility for customers migrating to new hard-
ware, virtualization has allowed users to maximize their usage of
limited hardware resources. Despite virtual machines falling by
the way-side in the 1980’s with the rise of the minicomputer,we
are now seeing a revival of virtualization with virtual machines
being used for security, isolation, and testing among others.
With so many creative uses for virtualization, ensuring high
performance for applications running in a virtual machine be-
comes critical. In this paper, we survey current research to-
wards this end, focusing on the hardware support which en-
ables efficient virtualization. Both Intel and AMD have incor-
porated explicit support for virtualization into their CPUde-
signs. While this can simplify the design of a stand alone virtual
machine monitor (VMM), techniques such asparavirtualization
and hosted VMM’s are still quite effective in supporting virtual
machines.
We compare and contrast current approaches to efficient vir-
tualization, drawing parallels to techniques developed byIBM
over thirty years ago. In addition to virtualizing the CPU, we
also examine techniques focused on virtualizing I/O and the
memory management unit (MMU). Where relevant, we identify
shortcomings in current research and provide our own thoughts
on the future direction of the virtualization field.
1 Introduction
The current virtualization renaissance has spurred excit-
ing new research with virtual machines on both the soft-
ware and the hardware side. Both Intel and AMD have
incorporated explicit support for virtualization into their
CPU designs. While this can simplify the design of a
stand alone virtual machine monitor (VMM), techniques
such asparavirtualizationand hosted VMM’s are still
quite effective in supporting virtual machines.
This revival in virtual machine usage is driven by many
motivating factors. Untrusted applications can be safely
sandboxed in a virtual machine providing added security
and reliability to a system. Data and performance isola-
tion can be provided through virtualization as well. Se-
curity, reliability, and isolation are all critical components
for data centers trying to maximize the usage of their hard-
ware resources by coalescing multiple servers to run on a
single physical server. Virtual machines can further in-
crease reliability and robustness by supporting live migra-
tion from one server to another upon hardware failure.
Software developers can also take advantage of virtual
machines in many ways. Writing code that is portable
across multiple architectures requires extensive testingon
each target platform. Rather than maintaining multiple
physical machines for each platform, testing can be done
within a virtual machi ...
Virtualization abstracts physical computing resources into virtual resources that can be allocated dynamically. It allows for server consolidation, improved system management, increased application availability, and more efficient use of resources. There are different types of virtualization including server, storage, and network virtualization. Server virtualization uses a virtual machine monitor to run multiple virtual machines on a single physical machine. Storage virtualization presents a logical view of physical storage to improve utilization and manageability. Trap-and-emulate is a common approach for virtualizing the system instruction set architecture by having privileged instructions trap to an emulator.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
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Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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